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1

Investment Casting of AZ91 Magnesium Open-Cell Foams

Kapłon Honorata, Dmitruk Anna, Naplocha Krzysztof

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

11--16

EN

The process of investment casting of AZ91 magnesium alloy open-cell porosity foams was analysed. A basic investment casting technique was modified to enable the manufacturing of magnesium foams of chosen porosities in a safe and effective way. Various casting parameters (mould temperature, metal pouring temperature, pressure during metal pouring and solidifying) were calculated and analysed to assure complete mould filling and to minimize surface reactions with mould material. The foams manufactured with this method have been tested for their mechanical strength and collapsing behaviour. The AZ91 foams acquired in this research turned out to have very high open porosity level (>80%) and performed with Young’s modulus of ~30 MPa on average. Their collapsing mechanism has turned out to be mostly brittle. Magnesium alloy foams of such morphology may find their application in fields requiring lightweight materials of high strength to density ratio or of high energy absorption properties, as well as in biomedical implants due to magnesium’s high biocompatibility and its mechanical properties similar to bone tissue.

2

Inwestycja w naturalne materiały włókniste – to się opłaca!

Siemińska Izabela, Szulc Anna

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2022

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R. 78, nr 12

656--657

PL

Rosnąca potrzeba wytwarzania innowacyjnych materiałów na bazie włókien naturalnych stawia nowe wyzwania dla przemysłu i nauki. W szczególności zagadnienie to dotyczy rozwiązań, w których procesy wytwórcze wiążą się z niskim nakładem energetycznym, co ma swoje pozytywne konsekwencje ekonomiczne. Przede wszystkim przejawia się korzystnym oddziaływaniem na środowisko naturalne i klimat.

3

Research on Assessment of the Applicability of Malted Barley Binder in Moulding Sand Technology

Samociuk Bartłomiej, Gal B., Nowak D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 1

74--80

EN

The foundry industry is looking for solutions that improve the quality of the finished product and solutions that reduce the negative impact of the industry on the natural environment [26]. This process leads to work on the use of new or previously unused materials for binders. Organic and inorganic foundry binders are replaced by renewable materials of plant origin to meet the requirements of both the foundry customers and the environmental and health and safety regulations. The aim of this work was to identify the applicability of renewable and organic malted barley binder in moulding sand technology. The influence of the malt binder content on dry tensile strength, dry bending strength, dry permeability, dry wear resistance and flowability were evaluated. The results show that the malted barley binder can be self contained material binding the high-silica sand grains. Selected mechanical properties of moulding sands were found to increase with an increase in binder content. It was observed that malted barley binder creates smooth bonding bridges between high-silica sand grains.

4

Air Purification in Sustainable Buildings

Staszowska Amelia

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2020

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Vol. 15, nr 2

245--252

EN

This paper concerns the issue of indoor air purification techniques in sustainable public buildings and the residential sector. One of the requirements of sustainable construction is to reduce the energy costs, minimize waste, improve the well-being of users and create green space. The most important certification systems for green (ecological) buildings such as LEED or BREEAM also include the assessment of the indoor environment in terms of the air quality, noise level, building acoustics and energy consumption. Traditional air treatment and purification systems require the use of numerous devices, air transport systems, which are energy-consuming. It is necessary to clean or replace the working elements periodically. The alternative is biophilic installations (green walls) based on the natural properties of plants for removing gaseous pollutants, particulate matter and even bioaerosols from the air. Plants improve humidity, regulate the carbon dioxide concentration, ionize the air and suppress noise. However, the processes of photocatalytic degradation of gaseous compounds are a very promising method of removing impurities, due to low costs, mild process conditions (temperature and pressure) and the possibility of complete mineralization of impurities.

PL

Praca dotyczy zagadnienia technik oczyszczania powietrza wewnętrznego w zrównoważonych budynkach użyteczności publicznej i sektorze mieszkalnym. Jednym z wymogów budownictwa zrównoważonego jest ograniczenie kosztów zużycia energii, minimalizacja powstawania odpadów, poprawa samopoczucia użytkowników oraz tworzenie zielonej przestrzeni. Najważniejsze systemy certyfikacji zielonych/ ekologicznych budynków takie jak LEED czy BREEAM obejmują również ocenę środowiska wewnętrznego w zakresie jakości powietrza, poziomu hałasu, akustyki budynku i jego energochłonności. Tradycyjne systemy uzdatniania i oczyszczania powietrza wymagają wykorzystania licznych urządzeń, systemów przesyłu powietrza świeżego i zużytego, które są energochłonne. Konieczne jest ich okresowe czyszczenie lub wymiana elementów roboczych. Alternatywą są instalacje biofiliczne (zielone ściany) oparte na naturalnych właściwościach roślin do usuwania z powietrza zanieczyszczeń gazowych, pyłów a nawet bioaerozoli. Rośliny poprawiają wilgotność, regulują stężenie dwutlenku węgla, jonizują powietrze i tłumią hałas. Natomiast procesy fotokatalitycznej degradacji związków gazowych są bardzo obiecującą metodą usuwania zanieczyszczeń, ze względu na niewielkie koszty, łagodne warunki prowadzenia procesów (temperatura i ciśnienie) i możliwość całkowitej mineralizacji zanieczyszczeń.

5

Organic Moulding Sands for Production of Large-Size Castings

Major-Gabryś K., Hosadyna-Kondracka M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 3

99--105

EN

Recently, some major changes have occurred in the structure of the European foundry industry, such as a rapid development in the production of castings from compacted graphite iron and light alloys at the expense of limiting the production of steel castings. This created a significant gap in the production of heavy steel castings (exceeding the weight of 30 Mg) for the metallurgical, cement and energy industries. The problem is proper moulding technology for such heavy castings, whose solidification and cooling time may take even several days, exposing the moulding material to a long-term thermal and mechanical load. Owing to their technological properties, sands with organic binders (synthetic resins) are the compositions used most often in industrial practice. Their main advantages include high strength, good collapsibility and knocking out properties, as well as easy mechanical reclamation. The main disadvantage of these sands is their harmful effect on the environment, manifesting itself at various stages of the casting process, especially during mould pouring. This is why new solutions are sought for sands based on organic binders to ensure their high technological properties but at the same time less harmfulness for the environment. This paper discusses the possibility of reducing the harmful effect of sands with furfuryl binders owing to the use of resins with reduced content of free furfuryl alcohol and hardeners with reduced sulphur content. The use of alkyd binder as an alternative to furfuryl binder has also been proposed and possible application of phenol-formaldehyde resins was considered.

6

New Use of Instruments for More Accurate Wax Pattern Blade Segment Production

Herman A., Kubelková I., Vrátný O.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 2

101--106

EN

Precision casting is currently motivated by high demand especially for castings for the aerospace, automotive and gas turbine industries. High demands on precision of this parts pressure foundries to search for the new tools which can help them to improve the production. One of these tools is the numerical simulation of injection process, whereas such software especially for investment casting wax injection, process does not exist yet and for this case must be the existing software, for alloys or plastic, modified. This paper focuses on the use of numerical simulations to predict the behavior of injected models of gas turbine blades segments. The properties of wax mixtures, which were imported into the Cadmould simulation software as a material model, were found. The results of the simulations were verified using the results of 3D scanning measurements of wax models. As a supporting technology for verifying the results was used the Infrared Thermography.

7

Influence of Silica Sand on Surface Casting Quality

Beňo J., Adamusová K., Merta V., Bajer T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 2

5--8

EN

The current casting production of castings brings increased demands for surface and internal quality of the castings. Important factors, that influence the quality of casted components, are the materials used for the manufacture of moulds and cores. For the preparation and production of moulds and cores, in order to achieve a low level of casting defects, then it used a high quality input materials, including various types of sands, modified binders, additives, etc. However, even the most expensive raw materials are not a guarantee to achieve the quality of production. It is always necessary to choose the appropriate combination of input material together with an appropriate proposal for the way of the production, the metallurgical treatment of cast alloy, etc. The aim of this paper is to establish the basic principles for the selection of the base core mixtures components – sands to eliminate defects from the tension, specifically veining. Various silica sand, which are commonly used in foundries of Middle Europe region, were selected and tested.

8

Ceramic-Carbon Filters for Molten Metal Alloys Filtration

Asłanowicz M., Ościłowski A., Lipowska B., Witek J., Robak Z., Muzyka R., Kowalski P., Wańczyk K.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 1

98--102

EN

In 2014 we finished research works involved in the development of a technology for manufacturing innovative ceramic-carbon foam filters for molten metal alloys filtration, which were financed by the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR) from INNOTECH programme resources. A batch of the filters produced in this technology was tested in practice in domestic cast steel and cast iron foundries. The trials were successful and foundries declared their intention to purchase the newly-developed filters for the current production of casts. This provided an incentive for “Ferro-Term” Sp. z o.o. to start design works on the prototype line for a serial production of these filters. At the same time, in co-operation with a scientific consortium, including the co-authors of the technology, i.e. the Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Institute for the Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze and Foundry Research Institute in Cracow, the company made a successful attempt to raise some funds for the necessary adaptation of the developed technology from the semi-technical to industrial scale from Intelligent Development Operational Programme. In the article we have presented information on the effects of works performed within the framework of the project entitled “Modernization and adaptation of the existing technological line for purposes related to technology verification and start-up of the production of innovative ceramic-carbon filters for molten metal alloy filtration”.

9

Computer system for design of the hot rolling technology for advanced multiphase steel strips

Rauch Ł., Bzowski K., Pietrzyk M.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2018

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Vol. 85, nr 4

109--114

EN

The paper presents implementation of computer system dedicated to flexible design of hot rolling technologies. The system allows to compose a production line, which includes rolling, cooling and coiling devices with all the parameters dedicated to control the manufacturing process. VirtRoll system is implemented in mixed client-server architecture including both strong server and strong client sides, where the first one is based on Model-View-Controller (MVC) Angular approach, and the latter one is based on PHP Restful API. Moreover, the server side is responsible for submission of computing jobs to High Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructure to obtain fast and reliable results. The most important advantage of the system is a flexible material models definition giving the possibility to introduce innovative materials models into the final design of the modern hot rolling processes.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia system komputerowy dedykowany do elastycznego projektowania technologii walcowania na gorąco. System umożliwia komponowanie linii produkcyjnych składających się z urządzeń do walcowania, chłodzenia oraz zwijania. System VirtRoll został zaimplementowany w architekturze mocnego klienta i mocnego serwera, gdzie pierwszy z nich zaimplementowany został zgodnie z rozwiązaniem Model-Widok-Kontroler (MVC) Angular, natomiast drugi w technologii Restful API umożliwiającej bezpośrednie wysłanie zapytania na serwer WWW. Ponadto, serwer odpowiada za zlecanie zadań obliczeniowych na infrastrukturę sprzętową obliczeń wysokiej wydajności (HPC) w celu osiągnięcia szybkich i wiarygodnych wyników. Najważniejszą korzyścią z opracowania systemu jest jednak możliwość elastycznego definiowania modeli materiałowych, co pozwala na wprowadzanie innowacyjnych materiałów do projektów technologii walcowania na gorąco.

10

Przegląd innowacyjnych materiałów i form konstrukcyjnych w mostownictwie

Siwowski T.

Mosty

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2017

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nr 6

22--27

PL

W ostatnich kilkunastu latach budownictwo mostowe jest dziedziną gospodarki, w której ma miejsce wdrażanie licznych innowacji. Ich subiektywny przegląd, bazujący na światowych i krajowych przykładach, przedstawił autor w artykule. Innowacje podzielono na dwie główne grupy: innowacje materiałowe oraz innowacje konstrukcyjne. W pierwszej grupie zostały przedstawione nowe materiały w konwencjonalnych formach, w drugiej – nowe formy konstrukcyjne z konwencjonalnych materiałów.

EN

Bridge engineering has recently became the industry branch where innovation development is taking place. In the paper, the author’s subjective selection of the world and domestic bridge innovations has been presented. They have been divided into two groups: material innovations and structural innovations. In the first group, new materials in conventional structural forms have been described, while in the other group new structural solutions made of conventional materials have been presented.

11

Studies of Binding Kinetics and Choice of Self-Hardening Moulding and Core Sands Used for Casting Massive Parts for Wind Power Industry under the Conditions of Krakodlew Foundry

Rączka M., Isendorf B.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 2

222--226

EN

In highly developed countries, a significant progress in the use of alternative and clean energy sources has recently been observed. The European Union has implemented a programme to build wind turbines. It is estimated that in the coming years, thanks to the support in tax and credit, the global energy will develop very intensively. Many components of the wind turbines are castings. The basic material used for these castings is ductile iron, which in this particular case must meet high requirements imposed by the operating conditions of wind turbines. Anticipating an increase in customer demand for this type of castings, Krakodlew SA has decided to modernize its foundry using the ability to obtain external financing. The ductile iron manufacturing technology is now being developed and adapted to the specific conditions of the foundry plant, including the melting process yielding cast material with the required chemical composition, the technology of moulding, and the conditions for possible secondary metallurgy, spheroidizing treatment and graphitizing inoculation. The fulfilment of the imposed conditions for the casting production demands the use of advanced casting technologies introduced to the manufacturing process. The development of technology to launch the production of ductile iron castings for the wind power industry was supported by The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR). This article presents part of research on the binding kinetics of furan resin sands and choice of their composition for moulds and cores to make heavy castings used as components of equipment for the wind power industry.

12

Method and Apparatus for Assessing the Properties of Slags

Biernat S., Bydałek A. W., Wołczyński W., Holtzer M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 3

13--18

EN

A special Slag-Prop Cu database has been developed to archive data from laboratory and industrial tests related to post-reduction slags. In order to enrich the data areas, it was decided to design a system for measuring the temperature of the liquid slag and its viscosity. Objectives of research work are to gather information on the properties of post-slags such as the temperature of liquid slag and its viscosity. The discussed issues are especially important in the foundry practice. Designed research stand and using of database applications can greatly facilitate the work of metallurgists, foundrymen, technologists and scientists. The viscosity measurement was developed and presented earlier. The author's analytical methodology was supplemented by a thyristor measuring system (described in the article). The system temperature measurement can be performed simultaneously in 3 ways to reduce the measurement error. Measurement of the voltage mV - using the Seebeck effect can be measured throughout the entire range of thermocouple resistance, up to 1300 °C. Direct temperature measurement ⁰C - measurement only below 1000 ⁰C. Additional measurement - the measurement can also be read from the pyrometer set above the bath. The temperature and the reading frequency depend on the device itself. The principle of measurement is that in a molten metal / slag crucible, we put a N-type thermocouple. The thermocouples are hung by means of a tripod above the crucible and placed in a crucible. The thermocouple is connected to a compensating line dedicated to this type of thermocouple. The cable is in turn connected to a special multimeter that has the ability to connect to a computer and upload results. Temperature measurement can be performed simultaneously in 3 ways to reduce the measurement error. The Sn-Pb alloy has been subjected to testing for proper operation of the device. In this foot should be observed the supercooling of the liquid, which initiates the crystallization process and in which latent heat begins to exude raising the temperature until the coagulation temperature is reached.

13

Effect of Alloy Additions on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of the AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy

Pisarek B. P., Rapiejko C., Szymczak T., Pacyniak T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 1

137--142

EN

The study presents the results of the investigations of the effect of Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Mo and W alloy additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy. The examinations were performed within a project the aim of which is to elaborate an experimental and industrial technology of producing elements of machines and devices complex in their construction, made of aluminium alloys by the method of precision investment casting. It was demonstrated that a proper combination of alloy additions causes the crystallization of complex intermetallic phases in the silumin, shortens the SDAS and improves the strength properties: Rm, Rp0.2,HB hardness. Elevating these properties reduces At, which, in consequence, lowers the quality index Q of the alloy of the obtained casts. Experimental casts were made in ceramic moulds preliminarily heated to 160 °C, into which the AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy with the additions was cast, followed by its cooling at ambient temperature. With the purpose of increasing the value of the quality index Q, it is recommended that the process of alloy cooling in the ceramic mould be intensified and/or a thermal treatment of the casts be performed (ageing) (T6).

14

Sedimentation of Copper Droplets after their Coagulation and Growth. Laboratory Scale

Wołczyński W., Bydałek A. W.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 1

95--98

EN

The suspension of copper droplets in the slag is considered. The copper/slug suspension is delivered as the product from the direct-to-blister process which is applied in the KGHM – Polska Miedź (Polish Copper) S.A. factory. The droplets / slag suspension was treated by a special set of reagents (patented by the authors) to improve the coagulation process. On the other hand, the observations are made to estimate if the melting / reduction process in the furnace is sufficiently effective to avoid a remaining of carbon in the copper droplets. The coagulation process was carried out in the crucible (laboratory scale). However, conditions imposed to the coagulation / solidification process in the laboratory scale were to some extent similar to those applied usually in the industry when the suspension is subjected to the analogous treatment in the electric arc-furnace. Some suggestions are formulated how to improve the industrial direct-to-blister process.

15

Examining the Possibilities of Analyzing the Solidification Process of Al-Si Alloy with the Infrared Camera

Władysiak R., Kozuń A., Pacyniak T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 1

89--94

EN

The paper presents the results of the crystallization process of silumin by the TDA thermographic method and the results of the cast microstructure obtained in the sampler ATD-10, that was cooling down in ambient air. The study was conducted for silumins AlSi8 and AlSi11 unmodified. The work demonstrated that the use of thermal imaging camera allows for the measurement and recording the solidification process of silumin. Thermal curve was registered with the infrared camera and derivative curve that was calculated on the base of thermal curve have both a very similar shape to adequate them TDA curves obtained from measurements using a thermocouple. Test results by TDA thermographic method enable quantitative analysis of the kinetics of the cooling and solidification process of hypo- and neareutectic silumins.

16

3DP Technology for the Manufacture of Molds for Pressure Casting

Skorulski G.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 3

99--102

EN

The paper presents the use of rapid prototyping technology of three dimensional printing (3DP) to make a prototype shell casting mold. In the first step, for identification purposes, a mold was prepared to enable different alloys to be cast. All molds being cast were designed in a universal CAD environment and printed with the zp151 composite material (Calcium sulfate hemihydrate) with a zb63 binder (2-pyrrolidone). It is designated to be used to prepare colourful models presenting prototypes or casting models and molds. The usefulness of 3DP technology for use with copper alloys, aluminum and zinc was analyzed. The strength of the mold during casting was assumed as a characteristic comparative feature in the material resistance to high temperature, the quality of the resulting casting and its surface roughness. Casting tests were carried out in vacuum – pressure casting. The casting programs applied, significantly increased the quality of castings and enabled precise mold submergence. Significant improvement was noted in the quality compared to the same castings obtained by gravity casting.

17

Zastosowanie PLA jako spoiwa w masach formierskich i rdzeniowych

Kozłowski J., Kochański A., Perzyk M., Tryznowski M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 2 spec.

51--54

PL

Rosnąca popularność polimerów biodegradowalnych, możliwości ich wytwarzania, przetwarzania i wykorzystania, stwarzają szansę opracowania nowych materiałów wiążących, do zastosowania w przemyśle odlewniczym. Nowe spoiwa biopolimerowe, spełniające wymagania z zakresu ochrony środowiska, mogą stanowić alternatywę dla dotychczas stosowanych spoiw do mas formierskich i rdzeniowych, w przypadku uzyskania wymaganych właściwości wytrzymałościowych i technologicznych. Prezentowane rozwiązanie, alternatywne do dotychczas opisywanych w literaturze, obejmujące badania mas otrzymywanych z piasków otaczanych spoiwem biodegradowanlym PLA, dotyczy optymalizacji właściwości wytrzymałościowych, w odniesieniu do procentowej zawartości biopolimeru, temperatury i czasu wytwarzania form i rdzeni metodą HOT-BOX. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają sądzić, że biopolimery mogą być skutecznym zamiennikiem dotychczas stosowanych spoiw mas formierskich i rdzeniowych, a metoda wytwarzania z użyciem piasków otaczanych, może być równie skuteczna jak metody alternatywne.

EN

Currently moulding sand with biopolymers as a binding agent appears to be probably the most interesting achievement in the mould production from ecology point of view. New biopolymer materials offer the parameters comparable to those which have been in use up to now. Moulding sands with a biopolymer binder were produced. The moulding process of 2% PLA sandmix involving different fusion temperatures and times was studied and the results presented. The results of observations and ultimate tensile strength tests were offered. The obtained results point to the fact that the new sandmix moulding method offered similar results that obtained in the literature. The issue is viewed as requiring further research.

18

Wybijalność mas ze szkłem wodnym modyfikowanym nanocząstkami MgO

Kmita A., Hutera B.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 4 spec.

55--58

PL

Przedmiotem pracy była modyfikacja szkła wodnego 5% mas. koloidalnym roztworem nanocząstek MgO w propanolu i dokładnej homogenizacji spoiwa. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu modyfikacji szkła wodnego na wytrzymałość końcową na ściskanie Rctk oraz wybijalność mas z tym spoiwem oznaczonymi w próbie technologicznej zalecanej przez polską normę PN-85/H-11005. Wykazano, że zastosowana modyfikacja korzystnie wpływa na przebieg krzywej Rctk, powodując przesunięcie występowania II maksimum wytrzymałości masy w kierunku wyższych wartości temperatury. Pozytywne oddziaływanie zastosowanej modyfikacji szkła wodnego potwierdzone zostało próbami technologicznymi, w których stwierdzono poprawę wybijalności tych mas o 50% w porównaniu z wybijalnością mas ze szkłem wodnym niemodyfikowanym.

EN

Moulding sands with water glass belong to the group of environment friendly moulding sands. However, due to some disadvantageous technological properties of these sands, such as e.g. difficult knocking out and poor reclamation ability [1, 2], they are not widely applied in the foundry industry. Therefore numerous endeavours aimed at improving the quality of moulding sands with water glass are undertaken. Apart from the modification of the moulding sand matrix composition or controlling the hardening process the quality improvement of these sands can be achieved by means of binder modifications, either chemical or physicochemical. Reactions between water glass components and inoculants are essential in chemical processes. The progress of nanotechnologies occurring during last years, causes that nanomaterials are more and more often applied in several industries including also the foundry industry. Nanoparticles introduced into a binding material can react with it influencing and modifying its selected properties. The subject of the study is the water glass modification by the colloidal solution of MgO nanoparticles in propanol [3]. The aim of the performed investigations is the determination of the binder modification influence on the final compression strength Rctk and knock out property of moulding sands with the modified water glass (marked in the technological test according to the Polish standard: PN-85/H-11005).

19

The Implementation of Computer Platform for Foundries Cooperating in a Supply Chain

Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D., Kluska-Nawarecka S., Rojek G., Regulski K.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 3

111--116

EN

This article presents a practical solution in the form of implementation of agent-based platform for the management of contracts in a network of foundries. The described implementation is a continuation of earlier scientific work in the field of design and theoretical system specification for cooperating companies [1]. The implementation addresses key design assumptions - the system is implemented using multi-agent technology, which offers the possibility of decentralisation and distributed processing of specified contracts and tenders. The implemented system enables the joint management of orders for a network of small and medium-sized metallurgical plants, while providing them with greater competitiveness and the ability to carry out large procurements. The article presents the functional aspects of the system - the user interface and the principle of operation of individual agents that represent businesses seeking potential suppliers or recipients of services and products. Additionally, the system is equipped with a bi-directional agent translating standards based on ontologies, which aims to automate the decision-making process during tender specifications as a response to the request.

20

Nowe żywice furfurylowe bardziej przyjazne dla środowiska

Holtzer M., Kmita A., Roczniak A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 4 spec.

47--50

PL

Coraz ostrzejsze przepisy w zakresie ochrony środowiska wymuszają na producentach materiałów dla przemysłu odlewniczego opracowywanie nowych produktów, bardziej przyjaznych dla środowiska. Jednym z takich produktów są żywice furfurylowe, które obecnie mają największy udział w grupie mas no-bake. Wprowadzone w ostatnich latach w UE przepisy dotyczące ograniczenia zawartości wolnego alkoholu furfurylowego (< 25%) w żywicach oraz naciski w kierunku redukcji emisji SO2, formaldehydu, fenolu, benzenu i toluenu, jak również związków z grupy WWA, szczególnie na stanowiskach pracy spowodowały pojawienie się na rynku nowej generacji żywic furfurylowch oraz katalizatorów (o zmniejszonej zawartości siarki lub bezsiarkowych). W artykule dokonano analizy wpływu tych nowych produktów stosowanych w technologii mas z żywicami furfurylowymi na środowisko i warunki pracy.

EN

More and more strict regulations, concerning the environment protection, force the producers of materials for foundry industry to develop new products, more friendly for the environment. One of such products are furfuryl resins, which currently have the largest share within the group of no-bake moulding sands. Regulations introduced in the last years in the European Union concerning limitations of a free furfuryl alcohol content (< 25%) in resins as well as pressures to reduce SO2, formaldehyde, phenol, benzene, toluene and compounds from the PAHs group emissions, especially at work stands, caused an appearance of the new generation of furfuryl resins and catalysts (of a decreased sulphur content or even sulphur-free). The analysis of the influence of these new products, applied in the moulding sands with furfuryl resins technology, on the environment and work conditions was performed in the hereby paper.