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Thermal navigation for blind people

Marzec Paweł, Kos Andrzej

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 1

art. no. e136038

EN

This article presents a system of precise navigation for a visually impaired person which uses GPS navigation and an infrared sensor in the form of an infrared matrix. The presented system allows determining the orientation and distance of a blind person relative to a selected object, e.g. a wall or road edge. The application of the above solution facilitates a significant increase in the accuracy of determining the position of a blind person compared to the accuracy offered by commonly used ground satellite devices. The system uses thermal energy accumulated in the environment without the need to generate additional signals. The main parts of the system are a simple infrared matrix, data processing system and vibrating wristband. Messages and navigation warnings are sent to a blind person in the form of a vibration code. The article describes the method of determining the path of a specified width and distance from the wall of a building, curb, etc., along which a blind person should move. The article additionally describes the method of determining the orientation of a blind person depending on the selected object. Such a method facilitates verifying whether the visually impaired person is moving according to the indicated direction. The method can also be used to navigate mobile robots. Due to the use of natural energy for data registration and processing, the mobile navigation system can be operated for a long time without the need to recharge the battery.

2

Moving object detection in car traffic with implementation of optical sensors

Szablata Piotr, Łąkowski Paweł, Pochmara Janusz

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 4, cz. 1

105--116

EN

In this investigation, the problem of moving object detection - without any knowledge - is classified. It describes a technique that will allow real-time localization with usage of IR sensors. The proposed algorithm is simplistic, and in the future, it might be implemented into any vehicle, premium or entry level. It is guided by AI that must calculate its next moves in the blink of an eye without user noticing any delays. The main problem of moving object recognition was extraction of proper features, description of the events, and choice of only the crucial ones. The presented novel approach does not follow any standard algorithms. It is a practical hardware implementation of custom solution, based on processing system, which can be well situated in the safety modules of future cars.

3

A low cost depth sensor-based computer control system for the disabled people

Połok B., Bilski P.

Measurement Automation Monitoring

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2016

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Vol. 62, No. 9

292--296

EN

The paper presents the system for support interaction of disabled people using a low-cost computer module. The system is based on the Microsoft Kinect device. Its usability strongly depends on the designed software. The architecture of both software and hardware part of the system is discussed. The tests performed on human volunteers are presented as well. The conducted research confirms the usability of the system, showing its disadvantages and limitations.

4

Signalling a foundry mould filling degree with infrared sensors

Bogdan M., Fita S., Mikulczyński T., Ciskowski S.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 8, iss. 2

9-12

EN

A contactless method of measuring a foundry mould filling degree in course of its pouring with liquid metal is suggested. The concept is based on infrared radiation of molten metal appearing in venting and flow-off holes. As the detector, an infrared channel receiving diode is applied. Three solutions were tested. In the first solution, the diode is placed at the calculated distance from the radiation source, in a housing that suppresses the scattered signal. The housing contains the electronics, while power supply and control signals are delivered by conductors. A diode actuation threshold is established in order to obtain high resolution and repeatability of the results. On the output, a miniature relay transmits the signal to the control system. In the second solution, the measuring system is supplied with a battery and the signal in transmitted through a plastic optical fibre. In the third solution, the optical fibre serves as an energy carrier. The optical system focuses the infrared radiation and introduces the energy to the optical fibre. On the other end of the fibre, a phototransistor amplifies the signal, forms it and transmits to the control system. Some experiments were carried out. Their results permitted noting disadvantages and advantages of individual solutions. It was evidenced that the measurement results obtained using the infrared radiation are independent on a constructional design. The solutions utilising optical fibres proved to be more useful in industrial conditions. Targets and further directions of research works using transceivers for wireless data transmission are presented.

5

Polycrystalline lead selenide: the resurgence of an old infrared detector

Vergara G., Montojo M. T., Torquemada M. C., Rodrigo M. T., Sanchez F. J., Gómez L. J., Almazan R. M., Verdu M., Rodriguez P., Villamayor V., Alvarez M., Diezhandino J., Plaza J., Catalan I.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2007

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Vol. 15, No. 2

110-117

EN

The existing technology for uncooled MWIR photon detectors based on polycrystalline lead salts is stigmatized for being a 50-year-old technology. It has been traditionally relegated to single-element detectors and relatively small linear arrays due to the limitations imposed by its standard manufacture process based on a chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) developed more than 40 years ago. Recently, an innovative method for processing detectors, based on a vapour phase deposition (VPD) technique, has allowed manufacturing the first 2D array of polycrystalline PbSe with good electro optical characteristics. The new method of processing PbSe is an all silicon technology and it is compatible with standard CMOS circuitry. In addition to its affordability, VPD PbSe constitutes a perfect candidate to fill the existing gap in the photonic and uncooled IR imaging detectors sensitive to the MWIR photons. The perspectives opened are numerous and very important, converting the old PbSe detector in a serious alternative to others uncooled technologies in the low cost IR detection market. The number of potential applications is huge, some of them with high commercial impact such as personal IR imagers, enhanced vision systems for automotive applications and other not less important in the security/ defence domain such as sensors for active protection systems (APS) or low cost seekers. Despite the fact, unanimously accepted, that uncooled will dominate the majority of the future IR detection applications, today, thermal detectors are the unique plausible alternative. There is plenty of room for photonic uncooled and complementary alternatives are needed. This work allocates polycrystalline PbSe in the current panorama of the uncooled IR detectors, underlining its potentiality in two areas of interest, i.e., very low cost imaging IR detectors and MWIR fast uncooled detectors for security and defence applications. The new method of processing again converts PbSe into an emerging technology.

6

Narrow spectral band monolithic lead-chalcogenide-on-Si mid-IR photodetectors

Zogg H., Arnold M.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2006

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Vol. 14, No. 1

33-36

EN

Narrow spectral band infrared detectors are required for multispectral infrared imaging. Wavelength selectivity can be obtained by placing passive line filters in front of the detectors, or, the preferred choice, by making the detectors themselves wavelength selective. We review the first photovoltaic resonant cavity enhanced detectors (RCED) for the mid-IR range. The lead-chalcogenide (PbEuSe) photodetector is placed as a very thin layer inside an optical cavity. At least one side is terminated with an epitaxial Bragg mirror (consisting of quarter wavelength PbEuSe/BaF2 pairs), while the second mirror may be a metal. Linewidths are as narrow as 37 nm at a peak wavelength of 4400 nm, and peak quantum efficiencies up to above 50% are obtained.