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Properties of Reactive Materials for Application in Runoff Water Treatment Systems

Fronczyk Joanna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 8

185--197

EN

The emissions related to urbanized areas, including communication routes and accompanying facilities, are considered as essential sources of subsoil pollution. Enhancement of the naturally occurring removal processes in infiltration systems, e.g. through placing the appropriately selected materials (treatment zones) on the flow path of runoff water, prevents the spread of undesirable components. The article presents the analysis of tests checking the properties of selected low-cost mineral materials, activated carbon and zero-valent iron in terms of their applicability in the runoff water treatment zones. Their physical features, surface structure, and chemical and hydraulic properties were analysed. The test results indicate a well-developed surface area of active carbon and halloysite, as well as an extensive pore volume of active carbon, halloysite, zeolite and diatomite. Nevertheless, the average pore diameters indicated the potential limited access of pollutants to the inner structure of all analyzed materials. The chemical parameters point to the stimulation potential of precipitation processes by limestone sand and silica spongolite, ion exchange by zeolite and silica spongolite, and oxidation-reduction processes by zero-valent iron. The value of the material hydraulic conductivity may potentially limit their application in infiltration systems. Taking into account all analyzed parameters, activated carbon together with silica spongolite and zeolite have the best application potential.

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Projekt koncepcyjny systemu zagospodarowania wód opadowych dla osiedla jednorodzinnego w Bielsku-Białej

Suchanek-Gabzdyl Ewa

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 1

9--16

PL

Jednym z podstawowych narzędzi służących ochronie ilości wód odprowadzanych z terenu zlewni jest uwzględnienie potrzeb wykonywania rozwiązań technicznych pozwalających zwiększyć retencję wód opadowych w miastach. Celem pracy było zaprojektowanie systemów do odwodnienia poprzez budowę systemu tzw. „zielono-niebieskich” rozwiązań. Część badawcza pracy zawiera projekt koncepcji odwodnienia obszaru osiedla jednorodzinnego, znajdującego się w Bielsku-Białej, poprzez zastosowanie dwóch rozwiązań: zbiorników do gospodarczego wykorzystania wód oraz systemów retencyjno-infiltracyjnych (ogród deszczowy, mulda chłonna). Oba systemy zostały ze sobą połączone i stworzyły rozbudowany układ. Dla potrzeb badań zostały obliczone ilości wód opadowych (wg modelu Błaszczyka oraz na podstawie lokalnych danych o opadach), określono warunki gruntowo-wodne, zaprojektowano zbiorniki do gospodarczego wykorzystania wód opadowych (według niemieckich wytycznych – DIN 1989-1:2002-04) oraz zwymiarowano urządzenia retencyjno-infiltracyjne według niemieckiej normy (DWA-A 138). Dokonano również analizy działania zbiorników (o objętościach 3, 4 i 5 m3) przy obciążeniu deszczem rzeczywistym (lokalne dane) oraz opadem modelowym Błaszczyka.

EN

One of the basic tools for the protection of resources flowing from the catchment area is mindful, needed to use technical functions enabling retention playback. The aim of the work was to design drainage systems by building a system called "Green-blue" solutions. The research part of the work contains a draft concept for drainage of a single-family housing area located in Bielsko-Biała, by using two solutions: reservoirs for the economic use of water and retention and infiltration systems (rain garden, absorbent hummock). Both systems were connected with each other and created an extensive system. For the purposes of the study, the amounts of rainwater were calculated (according to the Błaszczyk model and based on local rainfall data), soil and water conditions were determined, tanks for the economic use of rainwater were designed (according to German guidelines – DIN 1989-1: 2002-04) and dimensioned retention and infiltration devices according to German standard (DWA-A 138). The analysis of reservoir operation (with volumes 3, 4 and 5 m3) under real rain load (local data) and Błaszczyk model rainfall were also performed.

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The efficiency of filtration materials (Polonite® and Leca®) supporting phosphorus removal in on site treatment systems with wastewater infiltration

Karczmarczyk A., Woja K., Bliska P., Baryła A., Bus A.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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nr IV/1

1401--1413

EN

The most of the on site wastewater treatment systems in Poland discharges treated effluent to the soil. The goal of phosphorus (P) reduction from dispersed sources of pollution can be achieved by application of P reactive materials in the construction of wastewater infiltration systems. Two P reactive materials were tested in this study: Polonite® in grains of 2÷6 mm and lightweight aggregate Leca® in grains of 4÷10 mm. Apparent P sorption capacity was assesed on 40.9 mg·g-1 (Polonite®) and 5.1 mg·g-1 (Leca®). Both materials sorbed P-PO4 very fast, after 15 min over 90% of P was removed from solution and wastwater. Wastewater used in this study came from the outlet from the septic tank of on site septic system. P-PO4 solution was prepared from KH2 PO4 and the tap water. In the small column experiment, four collumns (2 filled with Polonite® and 2 filled with Leca®) were fed with wastewater and P-PO4 solution in hydraulic loadings of 30÷40 dm3 ·m-2·d-1. All the columns removed significant amounts of P from both solution and wastewater with the reduction between 28.3% and 72.5%. The mean P-PO4 effluent concentrations ranged from 1.21 mg·dm-3 to 7.12 mg·dm-3. The best overall performance was achieved by the Polonite® fed with solution. Both tested materials can support wastewater treatment in on site systems.