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EN
Purpose: The paper presents the issues of designing the maintenance of materials and products in accordance with the idea of Industry 4.0. The author's views on the need for augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model were also presented, as well as the author's original concept that hybrid activities in predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance should be preceded by designing material, maintenance & manufacturing 3MD at the stage of the product's material designing and technological designing. The 3MD approach significantly reduces the frequency of assumed actions, procedures and resources necessary to remain the condition of this product for the longest possible time, enabling it to perform the designed working functions. Examples of own advanced research on several selected, newly developed materials, used in very different areas of application, confirmed the validity of the scientific hypothesis and the relationship between the studied phenomena and structural effects and the working functions of products and their maintenance and indicated that material design is one of the most important elements guaranteeing progress production at the stage of Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. Design/methodology/approach: The author's considerations are based on an extensive literature study and the results of the author's previous study and empirical work. Each of the examples given required the use of a full set of research methods available to modern material engineering, including HRTEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Findings: The most interesting intellectual achievements contained in the paper include presentations of the author's original concepts regarding the augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model, which has been distributed so far, which not only requires augmentation but is actually only one of the 4 elements of the technology platform of the extended holistic model of current industrial development, concerning cyber-IT production aided system. The author also presents his own concept for designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD already at the stage of material and technological design of the product, eliminating many problems related to product maintenance, even before they are manufactured and put into exploitation. Detailed results of detailed structural researches of several selected avant-garde engineering materials and discussion of structural changes that accompanying their manufacturing and/or processing are also included. Originality/value: The originality of the paper is associated with the novelty of the approach to analysing maintenance problems of materials and products, taking into account the requirements of the contemporary stage of Industry 4.0 development. The value of the paper is mainly associated with the presentation of original issues referred to as findings, including the concept of augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model and the introduction and experimental confirmation of the idea by designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD.
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono tendencję w zakresie automatyzacji transportu drogowego w odniesieniu do dostosowania infrastruktury do nowych warunków w Europie Wschodniej i Centralnej w porównaniu do Europy Zachodniej. Omówiono również zróżnicowanie europejskiej infrastruktury drogowej oraz problemy przepustowości.
EN
The article describes the latest trends in road transport automation and their impact on development of the industry and road safety in the face of changes and adaptation to full automation of transport during the transitional period. In view of emerging technologies and an expansion of automation trends in the automotive sector, road infrastructure needs to evolve and develop in parallel to meet increasing mobility needs and support autonomous vehicles. However, there is still a considerable fragmentation in the level of advancement of the road infrastructure and a fleet of vehicles between highly developed Western European countries and rapidly developing countries of Central and Eastern Europe. These differences will be very important in the interim transitional period, as the countries of Central and Eastern Europe will have to face different challenges than the remaining European countries.
PL
W artykule opisano najnowsze trendy w automatyzacji transportu drogowego oraz ich wpływ na rozwój branży i bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego (BRD) w obliczu zmian i dostosowania do pełnej automatyzacji transportu w okresie przejściowym.
EN
The article describes the latest trends in road transport automation and their impact on development of the industry and road safety in the face of changes and adaptation to full automation of transport during the transitional period. In view of emerging technologies and an expansion of automation trends in the automotive sector, road infrastructure needs to evolve and develop in parallel to meet increasing mobility needs and support autonomous vehicles. However, there is still a considerable fragmentation in the level of advancement of the road infrastructure and a fleet of vehicles between highly developed Western European countries and rapidly developing countries of Central and Eastern Europe. These differences will be very important in the interim transitional period, as the countries of Central and Eastern Europe will have to face different challenges than the remaining European countries.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony ogólnej ocenie współczesnej sytuacji branży węglowej. Określono w nim perspektywy rozwoju wydobycia węgla, kierunki doskonalenia oraz długoterminowe tendencje modernizacji sektora górniczo-wydobywczego.
EN
The article is devoted to the assessment of modern condition of coal branch. Evaluate prospects for the development of coal mining, areas for improvement, long-term tendencies of modernization of the mining industry.
PL
W dobie dynamicznego rozwoju przemysłu, pierwszorzędnego znaczenia nabiera problem usuwania zanieczyszczeń emitowanych do atmosfery wraz z przemysłowymi gazami odlotowymi, bowiem stanowią one m. innymi duże zagrożenie dla zdrowia ludzi i rozwoju organizmów żywych. Jednym ze sposobów odpylania gazów jest wykorzystanie siły ciążenia i nosi on nazwę odpylania grawitacyjnego. Najprostszym urządzeniem, w którym może być realizowany taki proces jest komora osadcza. W artykule przedstawiono budowę oraz wybrane wyniki badań prototypowej komory osadczej wyposażonej w przegrodę stożkową. Badania te dotyczyły oceny skuteczności oczyszczania gazów z pyłu, w tym przypadku drzewnego, która sięgała powyżej 90%
EN
Very dynamic industrial progress makes the problem of pollutants removal from exhaust gases emitted to the atmosphere extremely vital. These pollutants are dangerous for human health and growth of different organisms. The gravitational dust removal is one of the methods for dust extraction from exhaust gases and may be carried out in sedimentation chambers. In the paper the design and test results of an original sedimentation chamber with a cone-shaped baffle are presented. The efficiency of wooden dust removal from exhaust gases exceeded 90%.
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