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  1. 17 Forum Eksploatatora
  2. 8 Journal of Ecological Engineering
  3. 7 Przemysł Chemiczny
  4. 5 Ochrona Środowiska
  5. 4 Annual Set The Environment Protection
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  1. 5 Włodarczyk-Makuła M.
  2. 3 Turek A.
  3. 2 Borghei Seyyed Mehdi
  4. 2 Dudziak Mariusz
  5. 2 Furtak L.
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  1. 8 2023
  2. 5 2022
  3. 4 2021
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  5. 6 2019
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1
Dopuszczalne obciążenia oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych zanieczyszczeniami pochodzącymi z przemysłu-zagadnienia praktyczne
Góra Wojciech, Spychała Aleksandra
Technologia Wody
|
2023
|
Nr 2 (80)
57-62
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie dotyczące problemu dopuszczalnych wartości stężeń wskaźników zanieczyszczenia w ściekach przemysłowych, które zgodnie z obwieszczeniem ministra infrastruktury i budownictwa (Dz.U. 2016 poz. 17570) są ustalane na podstawie dopuszczalnego obciążenia oczyszczalni komunalnej ładunkiem tych zanieczyszczeń. Problem przedstawiono w kontekście technologii ścieków komunalnych oraz przemysłowych z uwzględnieniem stężeń zanieczyszczeń typowych dla wybranych rodzajów działalności wytwórczej, stosowanych technologii podczyszczania ścieków przemysłowych oraz możliwych do uzyskania efektywności podczyszczania. Opisano również niespecyficzny charakter ścieków przemysłowych w odniesieniu do technologii ścieków komunalnych.
EN
The paper presents the problem of permissible pollution indicators concentrations in industrial wastewater, which, in accordance with the announcement of the Minister of Infrastructure and Construction (Dz.U. 2016 item 1757), are determined on the basis of the permissible load of the municipal sewage treatment plant with the load of these pollutants. The problem is presented in the context of municipal and industrial wastewater technology, taking into account the concentrations of pollutants typical for selected types of industry, applied industrial wastewater pre-treatment technologies and possible pre-treatment efficiency. Unusual characteristics of industrial wastewater are also described in relation to for municipal sewage technology.
2
Content available Application of New Polymer Flocculants in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Popenda Agnieszka, Bajdur Wioletta
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
|
2023
|
Tom 25
383--388
EN
Polymer flocculants are used in wastewater treatment processes, and the necessity and universality of their use result from changes in production technologies, also causing variability in the parameters of treated wastewater. Industrial wastewater contains a substrate that is difficult to biodegrade (BOD5/COD < 0.02), and the presence of toxic compounds makes it necessary to treat them in many stages before discharging them to the receiver or reusing. The study aimed to assess the possibility of using a new generation flocculent to support coagulation. The research was conducted on mine water originating from hard coal mines and on treated coke wastewater from the biological sewage treatment plant. The synthesis of copolymers of acrylamide with acrylic acid and acrylamide with acrylonitrile allowed the extraction of effective products – flocculents with specific properties, supporting the coagulation process and reducing the parameters of contaminants in treated industrial wastewater. Compared to commercial polyelectrolyte Praestol, copolymers of acrylamide with acrylic acid removed turbidity more effectively than acrylamide-acrylonitrile copolymers.
3
Content available The Removal Performance of Bio-Sorption on Sunflower Seed Husk for Copper and Lead Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Abdulhusain Noor Alaa, Mokif Layla Abdulkareem
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 24, nr 5
110--117
EN
This study was concerned with the feasibility of using sunflower seed husk (waste material from the food industry) as a low-cost and available sorbent material to remove copper and lead ions. Sunflower seed husk was used for the biosorption of heavy metal ions (Pb(II) and Cu(II)) from aqueous solutions. The properties of natural adsorbent were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption were investigated in batch experiments through several influencing operating parameters, including contact time, sorbent dosage, initial pH, and initial concentration. The Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were also applied to the experimental data to determine the adsorption kinetics. The results showed that adsorption of both ions fitted well by pseudo-Second-order, with determination coefficient R2 = 0.99, for both ions with SSE (1.628, 1.345) for Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively.
4
Content available Recent Progress of Phytoremediation-Based Technologies for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Yuliasni Rustiana, Kurniawan Setyo Budi, Marlena Bekti, Hidayat Mohamad Rusdi, Kadier Abudukeremu, Ma Peng Cheng, Imron Muhammad Fauzul
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 24, nr 2
208--220
EN
Phytoremediation is considered of a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology and has been used successfully for the remediation of soils and water contaminated with various pollutants. Specifically for full scale application to treat industrial wastewater, phytoremediation is used as sole technology for different types of wetlands. However, phytoremediation of polluted water in wetland type reactor has been mostly studied as black box. The method to measure the performance is only based on pollutant removal efficiency and there is very limited information available about of the pollutant removal mechanisms and process dynamics in these systems. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to briefly review basic processes of phytoremediation, its mechanisms and parameters, and its interaction between rhizo-remediation and microbe-plant. In addition, this chapter also elaborated phytoremediation challenges and strategies for full-scale application, its techniques to remove both organic and inorganic contaminants by aquatic plants in water, and some examples of applications in industries.
5
Content available Application of Anaerobic-Aerobic Combined Bioreactor in Phosphorus Removal
Kavousi Rezvan, Borghei Seyyed Mehdi
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no. 6
111--127
EN
A two-stage anaerobic-aerobic sequencing reactor system was developed in order to enhance the removal of biological phosphorus in the sequencing of combined reactors. Combining both aerobic and anaerobic designs in one reactor improved the efficiency and reduced the construction and operating costs. The combination of an upflow anaerobic fixed bed (UAFB) and a floating activated sludge aerobic bioreactor was designed with respective Kaldnes packing ratios of 90 and 30% for the anaerobic and aerobic sections. The controlled parameters were pH levels within a neutral range, a temperature of 37°C, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of 1220 and 1030 mg/L for the aerobic and anaerobic sections, respectively, and an attached growth that was equal of 743 and 1190 mg/L for the aerobic and anaerobic sections, respectively. Tests were conducted for three different initial phosphorus concentrations (12.8, 32.0, and 44.8 mg/L), two different volumes for each section, and four chemical oxygen demands (CODs) (500, 1000, 1200, and 1400 mg/L). The results demonstrated that, generally, the phosphorus removal in the anaerobic section fell significantly by increasing the inlet COD, and the maximum removal occurred at COD = 500 mg/L. More than 90% of the phosphorus was removed in the aerobic section at COD = 500 mg/L. In other words, the best performance of the reactor was when the ratio of the COD : N : P = 100 : 5 : 2, composition of phosphorus in industrial wastewater.
6
Content available An Application of Anaerobic-Aerobic Combined Bioreactor Efficiency in COD Removal
Kavousi Rezvan, Borghei Seyyed Mehdi
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no. 4
5--18
EN
Over the past few decades, anaerobic-aerobic wastewater treatment systems have been widely used in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to examine the effects of combined anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors in the removal of chemical oxygen demands (COD) while reducing phosphate concentrations in synthetic wastewater. In this project, a bioreactor with the dimensions of 10 cm × 10 cm × 80 cm with respective Kaldnes packing ratios of 90 and 30% for the anaerobic and aerobic sections was designed. A combined anaerobic-aerobic reactor’s structure made changing hydraulic retention times only possible by adjusting the volume of its aerobic and anaerobic sections. In the first case, the anaerobic and aerobic sections of the reactor occupied 30 and 50 cm of its height, respectively. The height of the anaerobic section decreases to 12.5 cm in the second case. In aerobic and anaerobic sections, pH was within a neutral range, temperature was 37°C. MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) was 1220 and 1030 mg/L, and attached growth was 743 and 1190 mg/L respectively. In order to evaluate COD in the wastewater, three different initial phosphorus concentrations were tested: 12.8, 32.0 and 44.8 mg/L, as well as four COD: 500, 1000, 1200 and 1400 mg/L. Considering the results, COD removal is greater than 80% when the valve 2 is in the anaerobic section outlet regardless of the concentration of phosphate. In this case, the best result is for inlet COD of 500, where the reactor can eliminate more than 90%. When the COD concentration reaches 1000 to 1400 ppm, the reactor’s COD removal efficiency declines to 60%.
7
Kofermentacja-niezwykle chimeryczny, lecz efektywny proces w drodze do osiągnięcia samowystarczalności energetycznej oczyszczalni
Wyrwik Szymon, Kremer Rafał
Forum Eksploatatora
|
2023
|
Nr 4 (125)
35-38
PL
Oczyszczalnie ścieków pełnią ważną rolę w utrzymaniu czystości wód i ochronie środowiska naturalnego, a jednym z kluczowych wyzwań jest zagwarantowanie im dostępu do energii w sposób zrównoważony.
8
Content available Feeding a Membrane-less Microbial Fuel Cell by Mixed Municipal and Industrial Wastewater
Włodarczyk Barbara, Włodarczyk Paweł P.
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
|
2023
|
Vol. 33, no. 4
50--62
EN
Due to the constant growth of the world's population, the amount of generated wastewater is also constantly increasing. One of the devices that can use wastewater as a raw material for energy production is a microbial fuel cell (MFC). MFCs technology is constantly evolving. However, to increase its use, it is necessary to improve its efficiency. There are various possibilities to ensure this, such as the use of new electrode materials, new cell designs, or the use of wastewaters from different sources. In this paper the analysis of MFC operation (cell voltage, power, and current density) fed by mixed municipal and industrial wastewaters was shown. Moreover, the change in time of COD was analyzed. Due to cost reduction the membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) was chosen. It was noted that the addition of concentrated process wastewater increases the COD reduction time in the ML MFC. An increase of generated bioelectricity during fed ML-MFC by mixed municipal and industrial (process wastewater from yeast production) wastewater was demonstrated. The highest values of average cell voltage (598 mV), maximum power (4.47 mW) and maximum current density (0.26 mA•cm-2) were obtained for a 10% share of yeast process wastewater in the mixed wastewater, which fed the ML-MFC.
9
Content available remote Porównanie efektywności wybranych sorbentów w usuwaniu zanieczyszczeń organicznych i metali ciężkich ze ścieków przemysłowych
Kowalska Katarzyna, Felis Ewa, Dudziak Mariusz, Garbaczewski Leon
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2022
|
T. 101, nr 2
104--108
PL
Przedstawiono przydatność procesów sorpcyjnych do usuwania związków organicznych oraz wybranych zanieczyszczeń nieorganicznych, czyli metali ciężkich, z wybranych strumieni przemysłowych. Badania prowadzono w testach statycznych, używając jako modelowego sorbentu węgla aktywnego oraz komercyjnych żywic. Badania skupione były na określeniu optymalnych dawek sorbentów do usuwania wybranych zanieczyszczeń organicznych i nieorganicznych oraz na wyznaczeniu parametrów kinetycznych procesu, co pozwala na przeskalowanie procesu sorpcji ze skali badań laboratoryjnych na skalę przemysłową. Wykazano, że zwiększanie dawki sorbentu nie zawsze wpływa na równoczesny wzrost efektywności usunięcia badanych związków, a dobór optymalnej jego dawki jest kluczowy dla prawidłowego przebiegu procesu.
EN
Real industrial wastewater were studied for content of total org. C, total N, PhOH index, absorbance at 254 nm and selected heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Zn). Samples were taken after 24 h exposure to different sorbents (activated C and com. resins). A decrease in total org. C, total N and heavy metals content was obsd. Increasing the dose of sorbent did not always increase the effectiveness of the removal of the tested compounds. The selection of the optimal dose of sorbent was crucial for the proper course of the process.
10
Content available A new polysaccharide-based ion-exchange resin for industrial wastewater treatment
Bargujar Savita, Gambhir Geetu, Raigar Madhu Bala, Hooda Sunita, Arya Dinesh Kumar, Bhatia Mamta
Polimery
|
2022
|
Vol. 67, nr 5
212--219
EN
A new ion-exchange resin was obtained by incorporating a tripropylamine group into a tamarind polysaccharide resin (TTA). The TTA resin was characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, and other physicochemical properties. The influence of pH, treatment time and resin concentration on the adsorption of metal ions from industrial wastewater was investigated. It was found that the obtained TTA resin effectively removes heavy metal ions in the following order: Fe2+> Cu2+>Zn2+> Cd2+> Pb2+>.
PL
Nową żywicę jonowymienną otrzymano poprzez wbudowanie grupy tripropyloaminowej do żywicy polisacharydowej tamaryndowca (TTA). Żywicę TTA scharakteryzowano za pomocą FTIR, analizy elementarnej i innych właściwości fizykochemicznych. Zbadano wpływ pH, czasu obróbki i stężenia żywicy na adsorpcję jonów metali ze ścieków przemysłowych. Stwierdzono, że żywica TTA skutecznie usuwa jony metali ciężkich w następującej kolejności: Fe2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>.
11
Content available Optimization of Graphene Oxide Mixed Matrix Membrane for AB-210 Dye Removal
Al-Sultan Ammar A., Kadhim Rana J., Al-Emami Omar H., Alsalhy Qusay F., Majdi Hasan Sh.
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 23, nr 9
115--127
EN
This research aimed to find the best-operating conditions for incorporating the GO material into PES/GO membranes for the NF applications. Organic dye molecules may foul GO-NP/PES membranes. The improved model aimed to reduce the energy lost while maintaining a high system discharge throughout the treatment process in order to face the technical problems that the membranes are exposed to. To create a particular amount of flux above the intended values, an optimization approach was used to find the optimal values for several important parameters in the process. To enhance the process effectiveness on a broader scale, mathematical and statistical studies, such as response surface methodology and statistical analysis of the parameters (ANOVA), were applied. The impact of operational factors, like the pH values of the dye feeding (3–11), GO weight content (0–2 wt.%), dye concentration (10–100 ppm) of AB-210, and the interfaces for these factors with the PES/GO membrane permeability was examined. The PES membrane had the best performance, with a result of 131.2338 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1. The pH did not influence the AB-210 dye reaction, and the Pareto chart of the standardized effects on dye permeation flux using statistical comparison at the 5% significance level supports these findings.
12
Content available Assessment of the Quality of Wastewater Generated During Production at a Tannery Plant
Dziadel Maciej, Ignatowicz Katarzyna
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 23, nr 5
109--115
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the composition of wastewater generated in a small tannery plant in the Podlaskie Province at different stages of the technological process. Since the plant uses chromium salts for the actual tanning process and the resulting wastewater is separated into two streams, it was possible to determine the content of chromium and other pollutants in the wastewater at different stages of the production processes. This allowed us to evaluate the biodegradability of the wastewater produced during production, the concentration of chromium compounds and other contaminants. Based on the results obtained, the wastewater generated during the production process was found to be non-biodegradable (except for the mixed wastewater) with chromium concentrations of 2.0–2.46 g/dm3.
13
Content available Azo dye wastewater treatment in a novel three-dimensional electrode reactor
Zou Haiming, Sun Zhili, Jiao Zhengtong, Wang Yang
Environment Protection Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 48, nr 2
5--13
EN
A novel three-dimensional electrode reactor (3DER) was designed to treat the dye wastewater. The performance of 3DER was evaluated via methyl orange (MO) removal efficiency. For comparison, the performance of the two-dimensional electrode reactor (2DER) was also assessed. Furthermore, the effects of electrolyte and aeration on treatment performance were preliminarily evaluated to further optimize the operation on 3DER. A repeatable and stable MO treatment efficiency was obtained in the 3DER. The MO removal rate reached 79.5% at the applied voltage of 1.0 V, electrode spacing of 2 cm and initial MO concentration of 60 mg/dm3, significantly higher than that in the 2DER (58.8%), suggesting the obvious improvement of particle electrodes on MO removal. Both adding electrolyte and air sparging into the 3DER contributed to the enhancement of the MO removal rate. These results obtained here suggest that the 3DER may provide an effective alternative for the treatment of azo dye wastewater and/or non-biodegradable industrial wastewaters.
14
Content available remote Increasing economic efficiency through the use of cyber-physical systems
Kijak Robert, Dmowski Artur
Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu
|
2021
|
nr 1
40--46
PL
Większość zakładów przemysłowych w Polsce jest ciągle w przededniu wdrożenia wizji „Przemysłu 4.0” (Czwartej Rewolucji Przemysłowej), która powstała jeszcze na targach Hannover Messe na początku poprzedniej dekady. W kontekście gospodarki wodnej używany jest termin „Woda 4.0”, który uwzględnia całą gamę technologii i narzędzi informatycznych. Jej wdrożenie opiera się zwłaszcza na systemach cyberfizycznych w celu zapewnienia optymalnych poziomem połączeń sieciowych, z wykorzystaniem narzędzi informatycznych, pomiędzy wirtualnymi i materialnymi obiektami gospodarki wodnej na etapie ich planowania, budowy i eksploatacji. Celem artykułu jest - i wykazanie podstawowych korzyści i szans płynących z wdrożenia systemów cyberfizycznych w kontekście zarządzania w Polsce ściekami przemysłowymi - na podstawie wybranych studiów przypadku. W artykule wykazano: (1) racjonalność gospodarowania środkami odtworzeniowymi, (2) efektywność ekonomiczna eksploatacji, (3) możliwość planowania obsługi i zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa, jak i (4) różne korzyści środowiskowe.
EN
Most industrial plants in Poland are still on the eve of implementing the vision of ‘Industry 4.0’ (Fourth Industrial Revolution), which was still conceived at Hannover Messe at the beginning of the previous decade. In the context of water management, the term ‘Water 4.0’ is used, which takes into account a whole range of technologies and digital tools. Its implementation relies in particular on cyber-physical systems to ensure the optimal level of network connectivity using digital tools, between virtual and physical water management facilities during their planning, construction and operation phases.The aim of this article is to identify and demonstrate the key benefits and opportunities of implementing cyber-physical systems in the context of industrial sewage management in Poland - based on selected case studies. The article has demonstrated: (1) rational management of asset renewal funds (CapEx), (2) economic efficiency of operation & maintenance (lower OpEx and TotEx), (3) maintenance planning and improved safety, and (4) various environmental benefits.
15
Content available Kinetic study of oil-containing wastewater treatment with the use of natural sorbents
Tleuova Saltanat T., Userbayeva Banu A., Tleuov Alibek S., Yeskendirova Marina M., Yakubova Raissa R., Kerimbayeva Kulyash Z.
Journal of Water and Land Development
|
2021
|
no. 49
252--258
EN
The study has investigated the technical characteristics of a number of sorption materials (natural mineral) and the possibility of their use for the purification of surface and wastewater from oil and oil products. At the first step, regularities of the process of purification of oily waters have been established taking into account the processes of filtration and sorption. After that, the sorption capacity of the sorbents has been estimated, and the factors influencing it analysed. As a final step, the optimal conditions for the sorption process have been selected depending on the conditions and nature of purification. Results indicated that the maximum purification degree has been reached at the concentration of 500 mg∙dm–3 and temperature of 20°С.
16
Content available Development of the Scheme of the Installation for Mechanical Wastewater Treatment
Sevostianov Ivan V., Ivanchuk Yaroslav V., Polishchuk Oleksandr V., Lutsyk Vladyslav L., Dobrovolska Kateryna V., Smailova Saule, Wójcik Waldemar, Kalizhanova Aliya
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2021
|
Vol. 22, nr 1
20--28
EN
The paper presents the schemes of various equipment for the mechanical treatment of the industrial and domestic wastewater, which allows removing it from the main part of the pollution. An examination of the shortcomings of the known equipment with the aim of its improvement was conducted. As a result, an installation scheme for continuous high-performance mechanical wastewater treatment was proposed. In contrast to the known equipment, the proposed installation provides a three-staged treatment of wastewater with the help of the two pairs of gratings – for preliminary treatment (removal of large-size pollutions) and by filtration through the two metallic sieves – for normal and fine treatment (removal of small-size mechanical pollutions). The installation consists of highly-efficient appliances for the cleaning of filtering elements in the course of realization of the working process, which provides stable high productivity of treatment. The installation has simple reliable design and low energy expenses. The paper contains the formulas for determining of main operational parameters of the installation: the change of the cross-sectional area of the filtering elements and productivity of the working process, periodicity of cleaning of gratings and sieves, the necessary electric power of installations drives. These formulas can be a basis for further research of installation and for elaboration of a method of its design calculation.
17
Content available A Review on Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wood-Industrial Wastewater by Oil Palm Waste
Ayob Syafiqa, Othman Norzila, Altowayti Wahid Ali Hamood, Khalid Faisal Sheikh, Bakar Norshila Abu, Tahir Muhammad, Soedjono Eddy Setiadi
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2021
|
Vol. 22, nr 3
249--265
EN
The use of heavy metals in the manufacturing industry over the past few decades has eventually contributed to a rise in the flow of metallic compounds into wastewater and has raised significant ecological and health threats to living things. Adsorption is an excellent way to treat solid waste effluent, offering significant benefits such as affordability, profitability, ease of operation and efficiency. However, the price of commercial adsorbent namely activated carbon has soared due to its high demand. There is also a green improvement in this method by turning the commercial adsorbent into agricultural waste. In Malaysia, the oil palm waste is such suitable material that can be utilized for making activated carbon, since they are ample and easy to find. Additionally, part of them is agricultural waste that cannot be consumed (i.e. leaves and fronds). Hence, this study aimed to analyse the potential of activated carbon from agricultural waste, namely oil palm waste, in reducing the levels of heavy metals in industrial wastewater.
18
Content available remote Odzyskiwanie soli fosforanowych(V) z rzeczywistych ścieków z przemysłu mineralnych nawozów fosforowych : kinetyka procesu
Hutnik Nina, Stanclik Anna
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2020
|
T. 99, nr 5
761--766
PL
Wyznaczono parametry kinetyczne ciągłej krystalizacji strąceniowej struwitu z rzeczywistych ścieków z przemysłu mineralnych nawozów fosforowych (IWW). Wyniki badań i obliczeń porównano z danymi kinetycznymi struwitu otrzymanego z rzeczywistej gnojowicy bydlęcej (CLM) i z wodnego roztworu jonów fosforanowych(V) bez zanieczyszczeń (WI). Do obliczeń przyjęto model kinetyki dla idealnego krystalizatora MSMPR (mixed suspen-sion, mixed product removal) zakładający zależność szybkości wzrostu kryształów od ich rozmiarów RE SDG (Rojkowski exponential, size-dependent growth). Stwierdzono, że zanieczyszczenia w ściekach spowodowały wydzielenie produktów stałych o wyraźnie różnej jakości. Średni rozmiar kryształów struwitu zmieniał się od 36,8 µm (IWW) do 48,5 µm (WI). Jednorodność ich populacji, oceniona współczynnikiem zmienności CV, zmieniała się w granicach od zadowalającej (CV 64,6%, WI) do niekorzystnej (CV 98,8%, CLM). Szybkość zarodkowania struwitu zwiększyła się od 6,27·10¹¹ 1/(s·m³) (WI) do 2,01·10¹⁵ 1/(s·m³) (IWW). W ściekach tych zanotowano odpowiednio największą (6,92·10⁻⁹ m/s) i najmniejszą (4,58·10⁻⁹ m/s) wartość liniowej szybkości wzrostu kryształów struwitu.
EN
Kinetic parameters describing continuous reaction crystallization of struvite from real P mineral fertilizers industry wastewaters (IWW) were detd. Test results were compared with kinetic data of struvite manufactured from real cattle liq. manure (CLM) and from a soln. without any impurities (WI). Kinetic model for ideal mixed suspension, mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer was used assuming dependence of crystal growth rate on its size (Rojkowski exponential size-dependent growth). The impurities present in the wastewaters were a reason for pptn. of solid product of distantly different quality. The mean size of struvite crystals varied from 36.8 µm (IWW) to 48.5 µm (WI). Homogeneity within their populations, quantified by the coeff. of variation CV, varied from satisfactory (CV 64.6%, WI) to unfavorable (CV 98.8%, CLM) values. A rise of impurities concn. in a feed resulted in an increase of nucleation rate from 6.27·10¹¹ 1/(s·m³) (WI) to 2.01·10¹⁵ 1/(s·m³) (IWW). Linear growth rate of struvite crystals varied from 6.92·10⁻⁹ m/s to 4.58·10⁻⁹ m/s, resp.
19
Content available Evaluation of the Pollution Level of Surface and Waste Water
Pohrebennyk Volodymyr, Kulyk Mykhailo, Bihun Iryna
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2020
|
Vol. 21, nr 5
180--188
EN
The household and industrial wastes that have been accumulated during the last 40–50 years organized and spontaneous landfills (garbage dumps) pollution of the natural water bodies near locations. As results of precipitation and solar irradiation, the drainage of water formation occurs; such waters are polluted with harmful and toxic ingredients. The known indices of pollution of industrial and surface waters as well as the technique for determining the class of danger posed by solid household wastes were analyzed. The application of this technique to liquid wastes is suggested, since the change of aggregate state must not restrict its application; on the contrary, a new useful unexpected result can emerge with this. A rather simple dimensionless index of toxicity was chosen on the basis of the following examples: composition of the drainage waters of a specific landfill, content of harmful ingredients in them, excess ratio of their maximum permissible concentration. Such an index takes into account the maximum permissible concentration of the harmful substance in the ground, as well as the fraction of the harmful ingredients in the total mass of the liquid waste. Using the dimensionless index of toxicity, the bar charts were drawn, from which the sequence of removal of harmful components from the liquid mixture can be determined, starting with the component with the least value of dimensionless index of toxicity which characterizes the most dangerous component.
20
Odprowadzanie ścieków przemysłowych do rzek z uwzględnieniem wymagań Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej
Janigacz Elżbieta, Stachura-Węgierek Agnieszka
Energetyka
|
2020
|
nr 9
504--507
PL
W artykule wskazano wytyczne dotyczące spełnienia wymagań Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej w zakresie wprowadzania ścieków do wód powierzchniowych. Zwrócono uwagę na konieczność uwzględnienia celów środowiskowych ustalonych dla jednolitych części wód powierzchniowych przy analizach wpływu i uzyskiwania stosownych pozwoleń, ponieważ pomijanie lub bagatelizowanie aspektów związanych z ochroną wód oraz dokonywaniem niepełnej lub niewłaściwej oceny możliwości oddziaływania inwestycji/instalacji na środowisko wodne stanowi poważne ryzyko dla procesu inwestycyjnego oraz procesu uzyskiwania właściwych pozwoleń.
EN
The article points out the guidelines for fulfilment of the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) related to wastewater discharge into surface water. Special attention is drawn to the necessity of taking account of environmental objectives determined for surface water bodies (SWB) in analysis of the water use impact assessment and when obtaining the relevant permits. Omitting or underestimating the aspects connected with water protection and incomplete or improper assessment of possible influence of the investment project/installation on water environment presents a serious risk to the investment process and the process of obtaining proper permits.
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