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Industrial Symbiosis Applied to Vietnam Coal Mining Industry to Promote the Circular Economic Model towards Sustainable Development Goals

Le Dinh Chieu, Nguyen Nga, Dong Thi Bich, Le Minh Thong

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

57--63

EN

Industrial symbiosis associated with the eco-industrial parks is the cooperative activities between businesses to optimize using of inputs and outputs such as raw materials, energy, water, waste materials, etc. in the orperation of businesses. In the industrial symbiosis model, the overall benefits of the symbiosis activities are more than the ones when working individually. Applying the model could help to reduce the demand of raw materials and increase the waste that be treated – an important part of the circular economy model. The coal mining industry includes many different stages from exploration, exploitation, processing, and trading. Each stage could be performed by different businesses which could corporate with each other. Besides the contributions to the socio-economic development, the industry also emits lots of waste into the environment to cause environmental pollution that needs to be treated. The paper summarizes the theoretical basis of the industrial symbiosis, the circular economy and clarifies the relationship between the industrial symbiosis, the circular economy and the sustainable development goals. From analyzing some typical situations of industrial symbiosis activities in Vietnamese coal mining industry; analyzing some characteristics and potential application of industrial symbiosis in the industry, the paper proposes the model of industrial symbiosis for Vietnamese coal mining industry. The paper also proposes some solutions to promote symbiotic activities in the industry.

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The use of waste in cement production in Poland – the move towards sustainable development

Uliasz-Bocheńczyk Alicja, Mokrzycki Eugeniusz

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2022

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T. 38, z. 3

67--81

EN

The cement industry has been using waste as a raw material for many years. Waste is also used as alternative fuel. Cement plants are an important element of the waste management system and fit the idea of a circular economy. When waste is recovered in the cement production process, direct and indirect CO2 emissions are partially avoided. This article discusses the cement industry in Poland. The current situation in terms of the use of alternative fuels and raw materials in Poland, the different types of waste and the amount of waste used is discussed. The article discusses changes in the amount of waste (the increase in the amount of waste used as raw materials from the year 2006 to the year 2019) and the types of waste recovered in the cement production process and the possibility of closing material cycles on the plant scale (recycling to the primary process – cement kiln dust) and industry (using waste from other industries: metallurgy – granulated blast furnace slag, iron bearings; energy production – fly ash, reagypsum/phosphogypsum, fluidized bed combustion fly ash, and fluidized bed combustion bottom ash; wastewater treatment plants – sewage sludge, etc.). The analysis shows that the role of cement plants in waste management and the circular economy in Poland is important. Industrial waste from metallurgy, power plants, heat and power plants, wastewater treatment plants, and municipal waste is used as the raw material for the cement industry, leading to an industrial symbiosis.

PL

Przemysł cementowy od wielu lat wykorzystuje odpady przemysłowe i komunalne jako surowce mineralne oraz energetyczne. prowadząc do symbiozy przemysłowej. Cementownie są ważnym elementem systemu gospodarki odpadami i wpisują się w ideę gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym. Odzysk odpadów w procesie produkcji cementu przekłada się na częściowe uniknięcie bezpośredniej i pośredniej emisji CO2. W artykule omówiono zmiany ilościowe stosowanych odpadów (wzrost ilości odpadów wykorzystywanych jako surowcew latach 2006–2019), jak również rodzaje odpadów poddanych odzyskowi w procesie produkcji cementu oraz możliwość zamknięcia obiegów materiałowych na skalę zakładową (recykling w ramach procesu pierwotnego – pył z pieca cementowego) i przemysłową (wykorzystywanie odpadów z innych gałęzi przemysłu: hutnictwo – granulowany żużel wielkopiecowy, dodatki żelazonośne; produkcja energii – popiół lotny, reagips/fosfogips, popioły fluidalne; oczyszczalnie ścieków – osady ściekowe itp.). Przeprowadzona w artykule analiza wskazuje na istotną rolę cementowni w systemie gospodarki odpadami i gospodarce o obiegu zamkniętym w Polsce.

3

Industrial Symbiosis, Circular Economy and Industry 4.0 – A Case Study in Finland

Järvenpää Anne-Mari, Salminen Vesa, Kantola Jussi

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2021

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Vol. 14, No. 4

111--121

EN

The aim of our research is to gain understanding about material flow related information sharing in the circular economy value network in the form of industrial symbiosis. We need this understanding for facilitating new industrial symbiosis relationships and to support the optimization of operations. Circular economy has been promoted by politics and regulation by EU. In Finland, new circular economy strategy raises the facilitation of industrial symbiosis and data utilization as the key actions to improve sustainability and green growth. Companies stated that the practical problem is to get information on material availability. Digitalization is expected to boost material flows in circular economy by data, but what are the real challenges with circular material flows and what is the willingness of companies to develop co-operation? This paper seeks understanding on how Industry 4.0 is expected to improve the efficiency of waste or by-product flows and what are the expectations of companies. The research question is: How Industry 4.0 technologies and solutions can fix the gaps and discontinuities in the Industrial Symbiosis information flow? This research is conducted as a qualitative case study research with three cases, three types of material and eight companies. Interview data were collected in Finland between January and March 2021. Companies we interviewed mentioned use-cases for sensors and analytics to optimize the material flow but stated the investment cost compared to the value of information. To achieve sustainable circular material flows, the development needs to be done in the bigger picture, for the chain or network of actors, and the motivation and the added value must be found for each of them.

4

Showcases of industrial symbiosis related to anaerobic digestion at the project UBIS

Schmedemann K., Sprafke J., Nelles M., Schüch A.

Eco-Energetics : technologies, environment, law and economy

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2019

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T. 2

123--128

EN

Industrial symbioses are intended to minimize greenhouse gas emissions, conserve resources and avoid waste through closed material cycles. The waste and residual materials of one actor become the resource of the other. The better use of raw materials can lead to cost and competitive advantages for the involved partners. The UBIS project investigates the realization of such industrial symbioses. Two showcases from the project region with focus on anaerobic digestion illustrate the effectiveness of industrial symbioses.

5

Model biznesowy obiegu zamkniętego na przykładzie zagospodarowania ubocznych produktów spalania w układzie kopalnia–elektrownia

Proksa J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2018

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z. 117

447--458

PL

Podążając za nowymi trendami gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym, według których odpady z jednego sektora przemysłu powinny stać się produktem dla innego sektora przez symbiozę przemysłową, w artykule przedstawiono koncepcję modelu biznesowego obiegu zamkniętego uwzględniającego zagospodarowanie ubocznych produktów spalania w układzie kopalnia – elektrownia. W analizowanym modelu następuje zawrócenie do obiegu ubocznych produktów z energetyki przez zagospodarowanie ich w kopalniach. Model synergii kopalnia–elektrownia uwzględnia innowacyjny proces karbona-tyzacji ubocznych produktów z kotłów fluidalnych do produktu pozbawionego wolnego tlenku wapnia w celu zastosowania w technikach górniczych.

EN

According to new trends in circular economy, waste from one industry should become a product for another through industrial symbiosis. In the article, the concept of a circular economy business model is presented. The model takes into account the development of side-by-side combustion products in the mine system-power plant relation. In the analyzed model, the recycling of the products from the power industry is carried out by utilizing them in mines. The mine system-power plant synergy model is based on the innovative process of carbonation of by-products from fluidized bed boilers into a product free of calcium oxide for use in mining technology.

6

Environmental Efficiency of Industrial Symbiosis – LCA Case Study for Gypsum Exchange

Marcinkowski A.

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 1, Iss. 1

793--800

EN

A review of the available literature concerning environmental impact assessment for industrial symbiosis has been carried out. The authors have recommended the use of life cycle assessment method for this purpose. It was stated that so far few studies presenting LCA results of industrial symbiosis have been published. Among the factors which contribute to the success of symbiotic exchange, the close location of collaborating companies has been often mentioned. This paper presents LCA results concerning the environmental impact of symbiotic gypsum transmission. Concepts of relative distance and critical distance for the case of industrial symbiosis were proposed and defined. Significant difference between critical distance obtained for particular endpoints were observed (3.5- 564 km). Application of Life Cycle Sustainability Triangle enabled the estimation of critical distance taking into account various impact categories. A sensitivity analysis indicated the relationship between critical distance and the means of transport which reflected the effect of scale. The critical distance determined for heavy trucks was 3.2 - 3.9 times longer than in case of lighter vehicles.

7

Thermal Reclamation of Foundry Sands Using Repurposed Sand Dryer Equipment

Sappinen T., Orkas J., Kronqvist T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 4

99--102

EN

One of the biggest problems for sand casting foundries must be the waste produced from disposable molds. Stricter environmental regulations make it harder to dispose of waste sand, so a truly competitive foundry does no longer only make great products, but also concentrates on a sustainable casting process. While methods for repurposing waste foundry sand are still limited, the internal circulation of such sands proves significant possibilities. This paper will focus on thermal reclamation of foundry sands in a special rotating drum furnace in a central facility to serve several foundries. Thermal reclamation is a process for handling foundry sands in elevated temperatures to combust unwanted substances from reusable base sand. The introduction focuses on background of the Finnish foundry business, the most common sand systems in Finland and their reclaim properties. The experimental part features presentation of the new reclamation plant process and the conducted test runs. The samples collected from each test run have been laboratory tested to assure proper sand quality. The results of this work showed that the reclamation of alkaline phenolic no-bake sands was excellent. Reclamation of green sands did not provide satisfactory results as expected and the reclamation of furan no-bake sands provided mixed results, as the raw material was imperfect to begin with. The most important result of this work is still the successful initiation of a centralized thermal reclamation plant, with the ability to reclaim sands of several foundries. With this all of industrial symbiosis, circular economy and sustainability advanced in Finland, and the future development of this plant provides even further opportunities and a possibility to spread the ideas on a global scale.