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Town-planning Organization of the Baku Industrial Region: 19th – 20th Centuries

Abdullayeva Nargiz, Bakirova Tarana, Rahmanova Aytan

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2020

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Vol. 15, nr 2

223--234

EN

The article considers the emergence in the modern town-planning practice of Azerbaijan complex planning systems require comprehends to historical experience, especially the end of the nineteenth beginning of the twentieth centuries. The industrial revolution started in the middle of the 19th century in connection with the development of the oil industry accelerated the process of urbanization in Absheron also in Baku the centre of population concentration and various types of labour activity. The purpose of the study is to present Baku oil district at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries to reveal communications and interactions between social, demographic and other processes as a complex organism with all contradictions inherent in the epoch of rapid development of capitalism which has received the material expression in the form of the newly developed planning system.

PL

W artykule przedstawia się stanowisko, według którego pojawienie się nowoczesnej praktyki planowania urbanistycznego w złożonych systemach planowania Azerbejdżanu wymaga zrozumienia doświadczeń historycznych, zwłaszcza końca XIX i XX w. Rewolucja przemysłowa rozpoczęła się w połowie XIX w. w związku z rozwojem przemysłu naftowego, przyspieszając proces urbanizacji w Absheron, a także w Baku, centrum koncentracji ludności i różnego rodzaju aktywności zawodowej. Celem badań jest przedstawienie dzielnicy naftowej Baku na przełomie XIX i XX w. w celu ujawnienia komunikacji i interakcji między procesami społecznymi, demograficznymi i innymi, traktowanych jako złożony organizm, charakteryzujący się występowaniem licznych sprzeczności, wynikające z epoki szybkiego rozwoju kapitalizmu, którego materialnym wyrazem jest nowo opracowanego systemu planowania.

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Tree-ring widths and the stable isotope composition of pine tree-rings as climate indicators in the most industrialised part of Poland during CO2 elevation

Sensuła B., Wilczyński S.

Geochronometria

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2018

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Vol. 45, no. 1

130--145

EN

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in 16 sites in three industrial regions in Poland was analysed to delineate dendroclimatologically uniform areas. A dendrochronological and mass spectrometric analysis revealed the following: a dry and sunny previous September, low winter temperature, and moisture supply in July limit the radial growth of the pines in all the regions. The weather conditions of the current growing season have been the most strongly reflected in the isotopic ratio. Positive relationships were noted between δ13C and temperature and δ13C and sunshine. A negative relationship was observed between δ13C and precipitation and δ13C and humidity. At the same time, a positive relationship was noted between δ18O and sunshine and δ18O and temperature, but negative between δ18O and humidity. The climate signal recorded in the stable isotope composition was temporally unstable and only for a few of the climatic parameters did we find temporally stable climate signals. However, variability in the strength and direction of the relationships between variables has been observed. In general, the weather in July and August is important for determining the δ13C and δ18O signals. Instability can reflect the physiological adaptation of the plants to changes in the ecosystem.

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Kultura ekologiczna mieszkańców wielkiego regionu przemysłowego jako czynnik jego zrównoważonego rozwoju (na przykładzie miasta Krzywy Róg, Ukraina)

Lobanova A., Slavina E.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 106

183--193

PL

W artykule przedstawiono odautorską wizję roli kultury ekologicznej jak czynnika stabilnego rozwoju regionów przemysłowych we współczesnych warunkach. Uściśla się naukowe rozumienie treści i struktury kultury ekologicznej. Na podstawie wyników badań socjologicznych autorzy uzasadniają tezę, że poziom kultury ekologicznej zarówno ludności, jak i przedstawicieli biznesu na Ukrainie, między innymi w Krzyworoskim Regionie Przemysłowym pozostaje na niedostatecznym poziomie. Rozwijana jest myśl o konieczności doskonalenia państwowej polityki ekologicznej i wychowania ekologicznego w sferze edukacji.

EN

The article is deal with ecological culture as a factor of sustainable development of industrial regions in modern conditions. The scientific understanding of the content and structure of ecological culture is specified. Based on the results of sociological research, the authors substantiate the level of environmental culture of both the population and business representatives in Ukraine, including Krivoy Rog is insufficient. It is necessary to improve the state environmental policy and environmental education.

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Węglowodory aromatyczne z pyłów zawieszonych w powietrzu regionu wielkomiejsko-przemysłowego—analiza jakościowa metodą GC-MS

Matuszewska A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 1

79-79

EN

The GC-MS method was used for analysis of aromatic fraction components of organic pollutants isolated from airborne dust from industrial-urban region (Upper Silesia, Poland). The results of investigations have confirmed that composition of the analyzed pollutants in summer time were dominated by products of combustion of engine fuels. A series of two to five ring condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typical for this kind of pollution, was identified. Among the identified unsubstituted PAHs, fluoranthene and pyrene predominate being accompanied by other PAHs such as phenanthrene, cyclopenta(c)pyrene, benzo(c)- phenanthrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzofloranthenes, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, perylene, anthanthrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, dibenzopyrenes, coronene. The presence of these compounds and their relative concentrations have shown a distinct similarity with the results of obtained by other authors in studies on airborne dust from a different locality of the Upper Silesia. Concentrations of alkylsubstituted PAHs were found to be much lower than those of unsubstituded PAHs. This may indicate that the analyzed pollutions originate mainly during high-temperature pyrolytic processes or also partially secondary processes of oxidation and photolysis under conditions of summer light. It is a very important environmental problem because the secondary processes can result in distinct simultaneous changes of the bioactivity of organic air pollutions. Pyrene as well as fluoranthene dominate among unsubstituted PAHs in analyzed air pollutants. Thanks to this domination and high luminescence yield, pyrene, as well as its alkyl derivatives, were marked especially distinctly in the luminescence spectra, recorded here in a comparative analysis. GC-MS method made it also possible to identify low-polar heterocompounds containing oxygen and sulphur atoms. Among them, several groups of aromatic ether oxygen compounds (such as of the furane, xantene and chromene types) as well as a quinonic compound (antraquinone) were identified. These compounds may originate already during combustion process or in secondary processes in the air abound in oxidants of various type. In studies of complicated phenomena and numerous factors conditioning PAHs composition in air pollution it is necessary to use a great number of various analytical methods and techniques. The most effective seems to be a group of chromatographic methods, mainly capillary GC-MS one. The luminescence method, especially the synchronous technique, is also used here. The latter is, in turn, an effective method for a comparative characteristics of aromatic environmental pollutions.