Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The state of law or the law of the state?

Boczek Michał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 140

17--27

EN

Rule of law is a collection of institutions that each society fulfills differently. The rule of law is a wider and more complex phenomenon than the courts and judges themselves. The rule of law cannot be based solely on the heroism of an individual or group of one or another category of persons. The rule of law must be a natural component of the legal order. The concept of the primacy of the role of the Constitution - requires the reliable cooperation of at least three authorities - legislative, executive and judicial authorities. Occasional and opportunistic legislation, not much in common with the rule of law. The law is not what we imagine, but what the responsible legislator has established. "There is no more cruel tyranny than that practiced in the shadow of laws and in the colors of justice." What are the rule of law? Can state power influence courts? Whether parliamentary majority equals omnipotence is the main theme of the proposed presentation. The author's assumption is to indicate the essence of the issue in an interdisciplinary approach, to pay attention to its multidimensionality and social importance, leaving the field to undertake own research.

2

Optimization of system parameters controlling electric furnace temperature using genetic algorithms

Samotyy V., Dzelendzyak U.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Elektrotechnika

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2015

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Y. 112, iss. 2-E

211--224

EN

The optimization of the parameters of the electric furnace temperature control was considered. The optimization was executed using genetic algorithms. The model takes into account nonlinearity, which is connected with the penetration of heat. Also, it is connected with losses of heat due to convection and radiation. The genetic algorithm determines the selection of parameters of the mathematical model in which the system accurately reproduces the input action.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono optymalizację parametrów układu sterowania temperaturą pieca elektrycznego. Optymalizacja odbywa się za pomocą algorytmu genetycznego. Model pieca uwzględnia nieliniowości związane z przenikaniem ciepła oraz stratami ciepła przez konwekcję i promieniowanie. Algorytm genetyczny określa parametry modelu matematycznego, dla których system maksymalnie dokładnie odtwarza sygnał wejściowy.

3

The effect of vegetation character on abundance and structure of subpopulations of rare herb species Gentiana pneumonanthe L.

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 1

35--46

EN

During the 20th century in Central and Eastern Europe, traditional agricultural management was either heavily intensified or abandoned due to socio-economic reasons. The land abandonment led to subsequent secondary succession reverted many wet meadows into Phragmites swamps, Salix or Alnus thickets, as well as woodlands. Therefore, the understanding of changes in abundance and structure of populations in the process of succession has become very important especially for rare and endangered species. In Poland one of strictly protected plant is Gentiana pneumonanthe L. It is a nonclonal, long-lived, iteroparous plant consisted of numerous vegetative and generative stems, bearing 1–25 flowers per year. The investigations of abundance and structure of subpopulations of Gentiana pneumonanthe were conducted in the years 2009–2011 in abandoned Molinietum caeruleae meadows dominated by low-stature species (Patch I), prevailed by tall grasses (Patch II), willows (Patch III), as well as partly overgrown by shrubs and trees (Patch IV). The average height of vegetation cover achieved from 65.3 cm (Patch I), via 85.8 cm (Patch II) and 94.0 cm (Patch III), to 142.7 cm (Patch IV). The gradually decline of abundance of Gentiana pneumonathe subpopulations and increased trend toward their senilization along the gradient of vegetation height might be due to successional closure of plant cover, preventing seedling recruitment. The total number of stems per individual and length of vegetative stems decreased with augmentation of neighbouring plants dimensions, whereas the height of generative stems, as well as flower and fruit production presented inversed trend. The greatest dimensions of capsules found in patch dominated by small meadow species might be due to greater availability of solar radiation. The conditions of studied subpopulations decrease gradually from patch dominated by small meadow species, via sites prevailed by grasses and willows, to place overgrown by shrubs and trees. Although obvious differences in abundance and structure of individuals, the prospects of all observed populations are poor, especially that patches are not subjected active protection.