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1

KPI tree - a hierarchical relationship structure of key performance indicators for value streams

Bumba Alberto, Gomes Manuel, Jesus Cristiano, Lima Rui M.

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 2

175-185

EN

Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) have been a potential answer to problems related to production systems monitoring, allowing the management and manipulation of data collected at various levels in organizations. PMS can be defined as a group of indicators in an information system. There are several types of PMS, however, the relationship between indicators in a PMS is still an issue that needs to be explored, as the KPIs in a production system are not independent and may have an intrinsic relationship. The purpose of this paper is to present a multilevel structure and its intrinsic structural relation for managing and analysing KPIs for a value stream production system. This hierarchical structure has different KPI levels such as Improvement KPIs, Monitoring KPIs, and Results KPIs or KPR (Key Performance Results), intrinsically related from the strategic levels to the operational levels. This provides a useful tool for the management of production systems, being used to analyse, and support the organization's continuous improvement processes.

2

A sustainable model of municipal economy

Kozłowski Waldemar, Turkowski Konrad

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 4

1--29

EN

Sustainable development is a dynamic process based mainly on quantitative and qualitative changes in the economic, social and ecological spheres in accordance with the needs and preferences of the commune's inhabitants. Municipal management, however, creates favourable conditions for local development and constant improvement of the quality of life of residents. The aim of the study is to analyse municipal management from the perspective of sustainable development. The basic research method used in the study is indicator analysis. The indicators selected for development describe the concept of sustainable development in fundamental areas of the municipal economy, such as energy, water and sewage, waste, municipal housing, public transport and road infrastructure. The research was conducted in Poland in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 2020-2022. The subjects of the study are the 12 municipalities of the Olsztyn district. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the best results in terms of creating a sustainable municipal economy are obtained by municipalities which have carried out the largest number of projects in this area, as well as those which have the largest share of forests and waters in the municipal area, e.g. Stawiguda, Dywity, Dobre Miasto, Gietrzwałd. The implementation of sustainable development in municipal management is determined by many economic, social, environmental, spatial and technological conditions. The research will enable local authorities and decision-makers to practically implement the concept of sustainable development in the municipal economy and may also be used in the process of planning investments and local activities, taking into account the economic, ecological and social aspects. The research constitutes the basis for further research work related to the practical implementation and management of sustainable development in municipal management.

PL

Rozwój zrównoważony jest procesem dynamicznym, opartym głównie na zmianach ilościowych i jakościowych, w sferze gospodarczej, społecznej i ekologicznej, zgodnie z potrzebami i preferencjami mieszkańców gminy. Gospodarka komunalna stwarza natomiast korzystne warunki dla rozwoju lokalnego i stałej poprawy jakości życia mieszkańców. Celem opracowania jest analiza gospodarki komunalnej gmin z perspektywy koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju. Podstawową metodą badawczą zastosowaną w opracowaniu jest analiza wskaźnikowa. Wybrane do opracowania wskaźniki opisują koncepcję zrównoważonego rozwoju w fundamentalnych obszarach gospodarki komunalnej takich jak: energetyka, woda i kanalizacja, odpady, mieszkalnictwo komunalne, transport publiczny i infrastruktura drogowa. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w Polsce w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim w latach 2020-2022. Podmiotem badań jest 12 gmin powiatu olsztyńskiego. Na bazie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić iż najlepsze efekt w zakresie kreowania zrównoważonej gospodarki komunalnej uzyskują gminy, które zrealizowały największą ilość projektów w tym obszarze, jak również posiadające największy udział lasów i wód w powierzchni gminy m.in. Stawiguda, Dywity, Dobre Miasto, Gietrzwałd. Wdrażanie zrównoważonego rozwoju w gospodarce komunalnej zdeterminowana jest wieloma uwarunkowaniami o charakterze gospodarczym, społecznym, środowiskowym, przestrzennym i technologicznym. Badania umożliwią władzom samorządowym oraz decydentom praktyczne wdrożenie koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju w gospodarce komunalnej, mogą być również wykorzystane w procesie planowania inwestycji i podejmowanych działań lokalnych, uwzględniając przy tym aspekt gospodarczy, ekologiczny i społeczny. Badania stanowią podstawę do dalszych prac badawczych związanych z praktycznym wdrażaniem a zarazem zarządzaniem zrównoważonym rozwojem w gospodarce komunalnej.

3

Trends of change in the development of sustainable cities and communities in Poland in comparison with European Union countries

Murawska Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

303--320

EN

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to present the diversity and trends of changes taking place in cities and communities in Poland and in other European Union countries with respect of implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Design/methodology/approach: The indicators included in Eurostat, which are collected to analyse the implementation of Objective 11: Sustainable cities and communities, have been used to assess the problem. 10 indicators and 27 European Union countries were analysed. The research period was 2010-2019 and the data was statistically analysed. Variations and distances between countries, trends in the changes taking place, ranking of countries, and relationships between the analysed indicators and the scale of their changes were calculated. Findings: EU Member States (27) are significantly differentiated in terms of household living conditions, environmental conditions, and safety at home. In Poland, dwellings are overcrowded but in relatively good condition. The Polish population is more often exposed to noise and air pollution, and they are at a higher risk of dying in a traffic accident, but they are less likely to report the occurrence of crime and vandalism. The results of the study confirmed important trends towards the development of sustainable cities and communities in Poland and in other EU countries. Research limitations/implications: The study resulted in a confirmation of the hypothesis that sustainable cities and communities have developed in EU countries in the last decade. There has been an improvement in the living conditions, safety, and environment of the population, especially in those countries where 10 years ago the variables describing sustainable cities and communities were the lowest. One of the countries where sustainable development was a priority was Poland, where the dynamics of improvement of almost every indicator was higher than the EU average. Practical implications: The conclusions may be useful for managers of economic entities for making more effective decisions regarding allocation of financial resources and making investments in social and technical infrastructure or safety regarding sustainable development of cities and communities. Social implications: The paper provides useful information for city and community managers and citizens of EU countries and cities about living conditions, quality of life, and safety of inhabitants. Originality/value: The article presents the latest information regarding the conditions of cities and communities in EU countries and compares that data with indicators from previous years. The value of the article lies in identifying and recognising the significance of differences between EU countries and in verifying whether any positive changes towards sustainable development of cities and communities are occurring.

4

Statistical analysis of road freight transport in Catalonia

Boldizsar Adrienn

Production Engineering Archives

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2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 1

40--49

EN

This article describes the links between economic level, investment in Research & development (R&D), and Catalan freight transport between 2006 and 2016. Catalonia is the second most populous area in Spain, northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, whose economy ranks second among the Autonomous Communities, surpassed only by the Community of Madrid, to speak of a significant economic and social region. The study sought to answer the question of what economic contexts exist in the region regarding freight transport. To do all this, it uses mathematical-statistical tools to explore the relationships between real data sets, which were calculated using seven indicators. The analyses suggest a positive increase in the volume of imports and exports of goods in the region. The same is true for GDP per capita. It came as a surprise that virtually no positive correlations existed between R&D and any other indicators. In analysing the indicators, we found that the current economy was pushed back by the 2008 world economic change, similarly to international trends. At the same time, there has been rapid growth since 2010, especially in exports. This also means that Spain, particularly the Catalan region, has serious trade relations, which affect the region’s economic development and the freight transport industry.

5

Wykorzystanie zmodernizowanej infrastruktury kolejowej w Polsce

Massel Andrzej

Zeszyty Naukowo-Techniczne Stowarzyszenia Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji w Krakowie. Seria: Materiały Konferencyjne

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2021

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Nr 2 (123)

271--282

PL

Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia wykorzystania infrastruktury kolejowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wykorzystania odcinków linii kolejowych objętych inwestycjami modernizacyjnymi. W jego pierwszej części za pomocą wskaźników eksploatacyjnych scharakteryzowano wykorzystanie infrastruktury kolejowej w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Następnie przedstawiona została metoda oceny rzeczywistego wykorzystania odcinków linii kolejowych, na których w ostatnich latach zostały zrealizowane projekty modernizacyjne w ramach różnych programów finansowanych zarówno ze środków UE, jak i środków krajowych. Metoda opiera się na porównaniu średnich wartości czasów przejazdów i liczby pociągów w okresie 5 lat (2005-2009) poprzedzających inwestycje i 5 lat po ich realizacji (2015-2019). Jest ona aplikowana do oceny wykorzystania wybranych odcinków na sieci PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe.

EN

The article concerns the issue of the use of railway infrastructure with particular emphasis on the use of railway line sections covered by modernization investments. In its first part, the use of operational indicators is used to characterize the use of railway infrastructure in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Then, a method of assessing the actual use of railway sections was presented, on which modernization projects have been implemented in recent years under various programs financed both from EU and national funds. The metod is based on the comparison of average values of travel times and the number of trains in the period of 5 years (2005-2009) preceding the investment and 5 years after its implementation (2015-2019). It is applied to evaluate the use of selected sections on the PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe network.

6

One of the ways to identify the weights of indicators of the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process for determining bsc of an airline company

Satybaldiyeva Dinara, Mukhanova Gulmira, Yelemessov Kassym, Baskanbayeva Dinara, Satybaldiyev Oraz

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 4

83--94

EN

This article presents the justification for the relevance of the method for assessing the performance of an airline company. Based on a survey of foreign sources, it was proposed to use the integrated method of the analytic hierarchy process using the example of “Air Astana”. The results of the method are described based on the determination of effective indicators. The conclusions are arrived at on the expediency of applying the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach for the evaluation the airline's performance. The priority (importance) and weight of all perspectives and the corresponding indicators are determined according to the proposed method. A method of assessing the probability degree of fuzzy numbers is applied to calculate the weights of the indicators (perspectives). The results of the study show that the company will be able to monitor the effectiveness of its activities using selected indicators for each perspective. The application of the instruments enhances the effectiveness of management activities of the airline and confirms the relevance of a follow-up study of the problem. This approach can be used for the management of companies in different sectors of the national economy to enhance the efficiency of management decision-making.

7

Rail Transport Corridors of the Organisation for Co-operation of Railways

Antonowicz Mirosław

Problemy Kolejnictwa

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2021

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Z. 191

65--73

EN

International transport corridors are part of the global transport system and are an important part of the activities of the Organisation for Co-operation of Railways2 . The development activities in the Eurasian space are aimed at modernising and developing rail transport by upgrading the technical and operational parameters of the corridors in order to improve the competitiveness of railways in freight transport in Asia and Europe. These corridors are widely used to plan and organise the routing of container trains in international traffic between the OSJD member states. Today, nearly 300 container trains are in continuous operation. The aim of the article is to present the activities to date in the development of corridors, their role and importance in rail transport in the area of the member states of the Organisation for Co-operation of Railways. The article presents issues related to the development and freight transport on 13 international rail transport corridors from the Eurasian railway area. New corridor solutions were highlighted, as well as the New Silk Road3 which is part of China’s broader so-called One Belt, One Road Initiative concept. It is a global infrastructure plan developed in China and implemented in more than 100 countries, mainly in countries referred to as emerging markets.

8

Sustainable Development Goals – Quo Vadis, Cities of the World?

Venkatesh G

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2021

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Vol. 16, nr 1

171--179

EN

The United Nations unveiled a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in September 2015, with 169 targets and a little over 230 indicators. This was a sequel to the Millennium Development Goals whose remit ended in 2015. Challenges lie ahead for governments around the world – national, provincial and municipal – to adapt the targets and indicators to effect a meaningful transition towards sustainable development by 2030. Cities are where the battle for sustainable development will be won or lost – they contribute 80% of the global GDP, and account for 70% each of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. With over two-thirds of the global population likely to live in cities by 2060, this is more than a cliché. A clutch of sustainable cities makes a sustainable province; a clutch of sustainable provinces makes a sustainable country, and it follows that several sustainable countries learning and sharing and helping other countries, will make for a sustainable world in the 21st century and further on into the future. While moving forward, trade-offs and complementarities must not be forgotten. Often, there are serendipitous benefits when complementarities which exist are not factored in, but the trade-offs if forgotten may end up robbing Peter to pay Paul. Despite the interregnum brought about by the Corona Virus pandemic in 2020, the world will be getting up, dusting itself clean and moving ahead in the next decade towards the SDGs set for year-2030.

PL

Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych we wrześniu 2015 r. uchwaliła zestaw 17 Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju (SDGs), obejmujących 169 podcelów i nieco ponad 230 wskaźników. Była to kontynuacja Milenijnych Celów Rozwoju, których misja zakończyła się w 2015 r. Władze na całym świecie – krajowe, prowincjonalne i miejskie – stoją przed wyzwaniem, aby dostosować cele i wskaźniki, aby dokonać znaczącego przejścia w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju do 2030 r. Miasta odgrywają kluczową rolę w bitwie o zrównoważony rozwój – niezależnie czy zostanie ona wygrana czy przygrana – bowiem tworzą 80% światowego PKB i odpowiadają za 70% globalnego zużycia energii i emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Ponieważ do 2060 r. ponad dwie trzecie światowej populacji będzie mieszkać w miastach, jest to więc oczywiste. Grupa zrównoważonych miast tworzy zrównoważoną prowincję; Grupa zrównoważonych prowincji tworzy zrównoważony kraj, a wynika z tego, że kilka zrównoważonych krajów zdobywających doświadczenie, udostępniających je innym krajom oraz pomagających im, stworzy zrównoważony świat jeszcze XXI wieku i dalej na przyszłość. Idąc naprzód, nie można zapominać o kompromisach i komplementarnościach. Często pojawiają się nieoczekiwane korzyści, gdy komplementarność, która istnieje, nie jest uwzględniana, ale kompromisy, jeśli zostaną zapomniane, mogą skończyć się okradaniem Piotra, aby zapłacić Pawłowi. Pomimo bezkrólewia wywołanego pandemią koronawirusa w 2020 r. świat będzie się podnosił i posuwał naprzód w kierunku Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju wyznaczonych na rok 2030.

9

New approach of costs of quality according their trend of during long period in industrial enterprises in SMEs

Teplická Katarína, Hurná Soňa

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2021

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nr 1 (29)

20--26

EN

Very important in SMEs is to monitor cost of quality and economic indicators for valuation of cost effectiveness. The main goal of this article is to create classification on cost quality categories in SMEs and to analyze economic quality indicators and their trend during long period. In this article authors use economical and statistical indicators for costs of quality. We use common model PAF, that include prevention costs, evaluation costs, internal failure costs, external failure costs. Total costs, individual simple cost index, cost ratio and cost structure were used. We analyzed data from 50 small enterprises with 10-40 employees with their yearly turnover max 3 mil €. The research sample of enterprises was focused on industrial areas of business such as engineering, metallurgy, automotive industry. We analyzed the quality costs in SMEs by the average value of quality cost in all surveyed enterprises. Results of this research brought labeling of cost of quality in SMEs by model the PAF for 10 categories for various enterprises, what is very important for comparing of results of QMS in SMEs. Based on the reference indicators of the total costs of quality in SMEs we can conclude their drop. Reducing the costs of quality was reflected in particular in reducing the costs of internal and external errors. In assessing the economic efficiency in SMEs plays an important role the overall cost that were increasing in reporting period. Very important result is that the cost of quality did not influenced overall cost. This fact is positive for competitiveness in SMEs because it shows a quality of production and product. Reducing of cost of quality brought improving of product quality; reduced customer’s complaints brought financial savings. The economic efficiency indicator shows a value above e > 1. It means that, despite rising cost enterprises generate revenues that are significantly higher than the input factors of production. Cost effectiveness helps to improve TQM performance.

10

Analiza techniczna wykresów par walutowych

Juraszek Andrzej

Era Energii

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2021

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nr 1

7--10

PL

Analiza techniczna jest bardzo złożonym i szerokim polem wiedzy, jednak jest ona bardzo pomocna do przewidywania przyszłych kierunków zmian cen i do podejmowania decyzji w tych kwestiach. W skład analizy technicznej wchodzą różnorodne narzędzia, wskaźniki i oscylatory, ale również ważną kwestię posiadają tutaj poszczególne świece, którą mogą dać dużo informacji inwestorom i potwierdzić ich przypuszczenia.

EN

Technical analysis is a very complex and broad field of knowledge, but it is very helpful in predicting future directions of price changes and in making decisions on these issues. Technical analysis includes a variety of tools, indicators and oscillators, but also individual candles have an important issue hare, which can provide a lot of information to investors and confirm their assumptions.

11

Eco-innovation development in selected European and Asian countries: a comparative analysis

Tomala Justyna, Urbaniec Maria

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2021

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nr 4

70--86

EN

The development of eco-innovation is driven by globalisation processes, technological progress and climate change. It is also directly related to the pursuit of sustainable development, as well as to the reduction of negative impacts on the environment and the efficient use of natural resources. Monitoring progress towards sustainable development requires the systematic measurement of eco-innovation. An important theoretical and practical challenge is to develop methods and indicators to measure eco-innovation. Currently, there are different systems for measuring eco-innovation, which makes international comparative analysis difficult. This article aims to conduct a compar-ative analysis of the development of eco-innovation in selected European and Asian countries. The study uses a critical literature review as well as a comparative analysis and synthesis method based on the ASEM Eco-Innovation Index. The study provides evidence that there are a number of differences in eco-innovation between European and Asian countries. Measuring eco-innovation is particularly important in planning and implementing instruments to stimulate environmental innovation across countries.

PL

Na rozwój ekoinnowacji mają wpływ między innymi procesy globalizacyjne, postęp technologiczny i zmiany klimatyczne. Jest on również bezpośrednio związany z dążeniem do zrównoważonego rozwoju, a także z ograniczeniem negatywnego wpływu na środowisko i efektywnym wykorzystaniem zasobów naturalnych. Monitorowanie postępu w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju wymaga systematycznego pomiaru ekoinnowacji. Ważnym wyzwaniem teoretycznym i praktycznym jest opracowanie metod i wskaźników do pomiaru ekoinnowacji. Obecnie istnieją różne systemy pomiaru ekoinnowacji, co utrudnia międzynarodową analizę porównawczą. Celem artykułu jest analiza porównawcza rozwoju ekoinnowacji w wybranych krajach europejskich i azjatyckich. W opracowaniu wykorzystano krytyczny przegląd literatury oraz metodę analizy porównawczej i syntezy opartej na indeksie ekoinnowacji ASEM. Badanie dostarcza dowodów na istnienie szeregu różnic pod względem poziomu ekoinnowacyjności w krajach europejskich i azjatyckich. Pomiar ekoinnowacji jest szczególnie ważny przy planowaniu i wdrażaniu instrumentów stymulujących innowacje środowiskowe w poszczególnych krajach.

12

Smart city ranking with subjective indicators

Sojda Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 149

631--641

EN

Purpose: The primary purpose of the presented work is to show the impact of the residents’ opinion on the formation of the city's position in the SCR ranking. Another objective was to draw attention to the problem of data shortages in publicly available databases. Design/methodology/approach: The primary database of European countries is the Eurostat database. The research area covered cities with a population of between 200,000 and 800,000, which were not national capitals. Only one city from each country was selected. The proposed SCR covers six areas related to Smart City concept. Two types of meters for each of them are proposed – the first based on objective measures, the second on subjective measures, i.e. the opinions of residents. Each factor was standardised and transformed. The higher the value of the factor, the greater the positive effect on the index. Findings: Cities from the database were identified. General ranking and rankings for both objective and subjective meters were created. The relationship between rankings was investigated, and the impact of subjective variables was shown to be significant. Originality/value: The original method for determining the Smart City index was proposed. It is shown that subjective measures should be included in the rankings. The opinion of the residents should be taken into account when building a ranking regarding Smart City concept.

13

Identification of disruptions in transport processes

Dohn Katarzyna, Witnik Julia

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2020

|

nr 3

5--16

EN

Introduction/background: The article presents an analysis of risk factors that may cause disruptions affecting the shipping of parts and components for the automotive industry. In this regard, based on literature research, the meaning of a disruption risk and its management in transport processes are discussed. Furthermore, the role of the transport and logistics companies in the provision of services for the automotive sector is presented. In the next section, the methodology of risk factor analysis and assessment is determined and the results of studies conducted on disruptions that may have a key impact on the transport process of the analysed company are presented. Aim of the paper: The aim of the article is to determine the influence of disruptions in the transport processes of parts and components for the automotive industry through the analysis and assessment of disruption risk factors. Materials and methods: The tools and methods proposed to assess the risk of disruptions affecting the order execution for the transport service of parts and components for the automotive industry by the company under examination were as follows: an indicative analysis, a disruption risk assessment form, an expert judges method, PHA method and a risk matrix. Results and conclusions: The analysis has allowed for the identification of risk factors, which, due to the potential consequences estimated by a group of experts as well as the probability of occurrence, may have a key impact on the transport process in the investigated company. Indicative analysis has shown that the timeliness of transport, which is associated with delivery time, is a major issue in a company. This formed the basis for the further analysis of process disruptions.

14

Moving to Smart Cities Through the Standard Indicators ISO 37120

Midor Katarzyna, Płaza Grażyna

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

617--630

EN

In this article the current and most important standards focusing on smart city sector and organizations issuing them were presented. The standard-setting family for smart cities consists of four basic standards: ISO 37101, ISO 37120, ISO 37122 and ISO 37123. The paper also presents the indicators on the basis of which a city can apply for a certificate of ISO 37120 standard and presents the possibilities of a register of different cities from all over the world in the Global Cities RegistryTM, developed by WCCD (World Council on City Data). Thanks to the data contained in the database, city authorities can answer the question: How prosperous is my city? and compare with other cities from around the world. As an example of the use of WCCD data, a comparison of 21 European cities in terms of the amount of renewable energy consumption in relation to the size of population living in the city has been presented.

15

The problems of quality of working life measure

Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 138

253--262

EN

The publication discusses issues related to the problems of Quality of Working Life (QWL). QWL is the set of indicators created to measure the quality of the working life. This is not an easy problem to address because different approaches to work exist, from the negative approach, to the approach that concentrates on satisfaction and fulfillment obtained through work. The aim of the paper is to analyze the concept of QWL indicator and present some examples of the sub indicators used in this case.

16

Improving Quality Management - the Way Toward Economic Prosperity and Quality of Life

Nováková Renata, Šujanová Jana, Nováková Natália

Production Engineering Archives

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2019

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Vol. 24

10--13

EN

The National Quality Programme of the Slovak Republic for 2017-2021 strongly emphasises the primary objectives and priorities of the Quality Improvement Strategy. This should be one of the main priorities of the Slovak Government in the upcoming period. The Quality Improvement Strategy should, in general, lead to an improvement in the quality of life. The aim of the paper is to point out the opportunities for improvement by applying indicators aimed at defining the excellence of organisations within the national economy of the Slovak Republic.

17

Intellectual capital as a factor of co-operation between the countries of the Eastern Partnership and the European Union

Bondar Alexander, Paszkowski Jerzy

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2019

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Vol. 20, No. 1

78--91

EN

This paper concerns the use and analysis of key intellectual capital indicators in the Eastern Partnership countries and Poland. Its purpose is to identify areas of necessary development and opportunities for cooperation between the Eastern Partnership countries, Poland, and in the near future, with the entire European Union. This work uses the analysis and review of recent academic literature, comparing the main intellectual capital indicators in the countries mentioned above. Effective implementation of joint programs with the European Union in the fields of science and education, environmental protection, as well as in the field of tourism and hospitality can be based on the joint use of intellectual capital in Poland and all other Eastern Partnership countries. Relying on intellectual capital allows for the creation of a “good economic neighborhood” zone in the Eastern part of the European Union, in order to strengthen stability and harness the mutual benefits of cooperation and social and economic progress.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy wykorzystania i analizy kluczowych wskaźników kapitału intelektualnego w krajach Partnerstwa Wschodniego i w Polsce. Jego celem jest identyfikacja obszarów niezbędnego rozwoju i możliwości współpracy między krajami Partnerstwa Wschodniego, Polską, a w niedalekiej przyszłości, z całą Unią Europejską. W pracy wykorzystano analizę i przegląd najnowszej literatury akademickiej, porównując główne wskaźniki kapitału intelektualnego w wyżej wymienionych krajach. Skuteczne wdrażanie wspólnych programów z Unią Europejską w dziedzinie nauki i edukacji, ochrony środowiska, a także turystyki i hotelarstwa może opierać się na wspólnym wykorzystaniu kapitału intelektualnego w Polsce i we wszystkich innych krajach Partnerstwa Wschodniego. Poleganie na kapitale intelektualnym pozwala na stworzenie strefy „dobrego sąsiedztwa gospodarczego” we wschodniej części Unii Europejskiej, w celu wzmocnienia stabilności i wykorzystania wzajemnych korzyści współpracy i postępu społecznego i gospodarczego.

18

Remanufacturing sustainability indicators: a study on diesel particulate filter

Sethanan Kanchana, Pitakaso Rapeepan, Kosacka-Olejnik Monika, Werner-Lewandowska Karolina, Wasyniak Aneta

LogForum

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2019

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Vol. 15, no. 3

413--423

EN

Background: Remanufacturing transforms end-of-life products into new products, which brings cost savings for the usage of energy and materials and environmental protection. Sustainability is a significant issue for remanufacturing SMEs trying to stay competitive in the marketplace, while remanufacturing seems to be a promising strategy to explore for increasing the environmental and economic burdens on society. Despite sustainability being a known concept, it very often becomes a purely strategic goal which is not defined at the operational level of business. The major objective of this paper is to determine a set of sustainability indicators for an evaluation of the remanufacturing process, integrating economic, social and environmental aspects of business. Methods: The literature review method was used to verify current knowledge on remanufacturing sustainability indicators, while the observation method was used to determine the specifics of the remanufacturing process. The brainstorming method aimed to verify the usefulness of existing indicator frameworks and define a set of indicators developed for the assessment of remanufacturing sustainability. Results: In the presented paper, a set of 11 remanufacturing sustainability indicators was prepared, which were tested on a company in Poland that was remanufacturing a diesel particulate filter. Conclusions: Although the proposed set of remanufacturing sustainability indicators was defined for a specific company, it may be used as a guideline for comprehensive indicator framework development, regardless of the product type or the size of the company. The main challenge in introducing sustainability at the operational level of remanufacturing in business is enabling multilevel assessments while considering particular sustainability aspects and the company as a whole. This outlines directions for future research.

PL

Wstęp: Regeneracja pozwala na przywrócenie produktów wycofanych z eksploatacji do ponownego wykorzystania, co bezpośrednio związane jest z oszczędzaniem używanej energii oraz materiałów a także co przyczynia się do ochrony środowiska. Zrównoważony rozwój stanowi kluczowe zagadnienie dla przedsiębiorstw zajmujących się regeneracją, należących do grupy MŚP, gdyż stanowi źródło budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej. Co więcej, regeneracja to scenariusz wtórnego zagospodarowania produktów, który zyskuje na znaczeniu ze względu na wzrost obciążeń środowiskowych oraz ekonomicznych dla ludzi. Pomimo tego, że zrównoważony rozwój to koncepcja powszechnie znana, zazwyczaj jej uwzględnienie ogranicza się do wskazania zrównoważonego rozwoju jako celu strategicznego, pomijając wymiar operacyjny prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej. Celem głównym artykułu było opracowanie zbioru systemu wskaźników służących do ewaluacji procesu regeneracji w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju, integrując aspekty: społeczny, ekonomiczny oraz środowiskowy w działalności gospodarczej. Metody: W pracy wykorzystano metodę analizy literatury celem weryfikacji aktualnego stanu wiedzy w zakresie wskaźników służących do ewaluacji regeneracji w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju, podczas gdy metoda obserwacji wykorzystana została do określenia specyfiki procesu regeneracji. Celem weryfikacji użyteczności istniejących rozwiązań w zakresie oceny oraz zdefiniowania systemu wskaźników do oceny regeneracji w aspekcie zrównoważonego rozwoju, wykorzystano metodę burzy mózgów. Wyniki: W pracy zaprezentowano system 11 wskaźników służących do oceny regeneracji w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju, które zostały zweryfikowane w przedsiębiorstwie zajmującym się regeneracją filtrów cząstek stałych w Polsce. Wnioski: Pomimo tego, że zaproponowany system wskaźników został zdefiniowany dla konkretnego przedsiębiorstwa, to należy go potraktować jako zestaw wytycznych do opracowania kompleksowego systemu pomiaru, niezależnie od wielkości przedsiębiorstwa czy typu regenerowanego produktu. Głównym wyzwaniem w wdrażaniu zrównoważonego rozwoju na poziomie operacyjnym działalności przedsiębiorstwa prowadzącego działalność w zakresie regeneracji, stanowi ocena wielopoziomowa, uwzględniająca poszczególne wymiary oceny zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz przedsiębiorstwo rozpatrywane jako całość, co stanowi kierunek przyszłych badań.

19

Variability of the Water Quality Characterizing High Andean Lagoons for Tourist Use Evaluated Through Multivariate Statistical Methods, Junín, Peru

Custodio María, Miranda Gloria, Peñaloza Richard, De la Cruz Heidi, Chanmé Fernán

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 8

1--11

EN

The spatial-temporal variability characterizing the water quality of high Andean lagoons for tourist use was evaluated using multivariate statistical methods during 2017 and 2018. The water samples were collected from 14 sampling sites, with three replicates each. The water quality indicators determined were: pH, temperature, DO, COD, BOD5, P, N, Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn and chlorophyll-a. The flat cluster analysis (k R cluster) according to Ward’s algorithm showed six significantly differentiated groups (α=0.01). In turn, the real similarity profile (SIMPROF) moves markedly away from the obtained low permutation with a large excess of Euclidean similarity with a Pi value of 0.627. The PCA showed that the first two components recommended by the sedimentation analysis (Scree test) indicated 61.52% of the total variation of the observations. According to the Spearman range correlation selection criterion, the variables that best interpret the sample distributions are COD, DTS, P, Cd and Zn with a correlation of 0.893, the DTS being the most important variable with a correlation value of 0.795. The PERMANOVA analysis according to the flat cluster factor indicated that at least one of the groups is different from the others in relation to the levels of physicochemical characteristics studied. Therefore, all the configured groups are statistically different, demonstrating that each lagoon is different in relation to its physicochemical indicators, according to the season in which it is found.

20

Indicators of Variability of Water Flow Rate in the Piwonia River

Grzywna Antoni

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

205--210

EN

The paper presents the variability of the Piwonia River flows in the Parczew profile (catchment area of 391 km2) in hydrological years 2009/10–2015/16. On the basis of the monthly flow and daily water level measurements, flow-level curves and hydrograms of water flows were drawn. The analysis of the weather conditions in the catchment area showed that in the analyzed period there were two very wet years (2010, 2014), three wet years (2011, 2013, 2016), one normal year (2012) and one dry year (2015). The total of annual precipitation in very wet years was 150 mm (130% of the norm) higher than the average for multi-years, and in the dry year it was 60 mm (86% of the norm) lower. The intensity of instantaneous flows ranged from 0.26 m3∙s-1 in 2015 to 5.5 m3∙s-1 in 2010. The average annual flow of the river in multi-years was SSQ = 1.68 m3∙s-1 and ranged from 1.19 m3∙s-1 in 2015 (dry in terms of precipitation) to 2.13 m3∙s-1 in 2010 (very wet). The direct reasons for the variability of river flows are: weather conditions, retention capacity of lakes and fish ponds, and exploitation of the hydrotechnical structures. The hydrological year 2014/15 was characterized by the highest variability of flows, while the lowest variability was recorded in the hydrological year 2010/11.