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Głazy narzutowe z okolic Przedborza jako obiekty geodziedzictwa oraz ich znaczenie w geologii czwartorzędu i geoturystyki

Górska-Zabielska Maria, Wieczorek Dariusz, Zabielski Ryszard, Stoiński Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 1

34--49

EN

The Przedbórz region in the Przedborska Upland (central Poland) is characterized by an above-average presence of erratic boulders. They have never been the subject of separate studies before. The aim of this article is to indicate their large population in central Poland and to characterize the traces of the impact of various morphogenetic processes on their current size and shape. The authors indicate the Scandinavian source areas of some of the studied erratic boulders. The article also highlights the scientific, educational, social and aesthetic function of erratic boulders, which should be used when planning the sustainable development of the region. In peripheral tourist areas, geotourism is an effective tool for economic growth. The erratic boulders discussed in the article, which are unique objects of natural heritage, have great potential to revive this branch of nature tourism.

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New findings of the Oslo region erratics in glaciofluvial deposits of NW Poland

Lipka Ewelina

Landform Analysis

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2019

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Vol. 38

3--11

EN

Glacial erratics of the Oslo region are only occasionally found in Poland. This is because the Norwegian Channel ice stream did not reach this area. Recently a few specimens of rocks representing Oslo region have been found at the Owczary site (north-western Poland), what raised questions regarding the relative age of the deposits, as well as the depositional history of the erratics. The questions were addressed using lithofacies analysis, as well as structural and textural analyses, combined with clast petrography (medium and coarse gravel). Clast petrography analysis revealed that the deposits containing rocks of the Oslo region are of the late Saalian age (Warthe), though some evidence suggest the early Saalian age (Drenthe).

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The provenance of erratic pebbles from a till in the vicinity of the city of Radom, central Poland

Strzelecki Piotr Jan

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 1

21--29

EN

Petrographic analysis, including the indicator erratics count method of coarse pebbles (20–60 mm), was performed for the first subsurface layer of the glacial till in the vicinity of the city of Radom. Crystalline rocks comprise 60% of the sample, whereas carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks total 18% and 15%, respectively. Among the crystalline rocks, 14% clasts were identified as indicator erratics. The majority of the indictor erratics originated from the Åland region (63%). Significant contributions were also derived from the central Baltic Basin (12%), Ångermanland (9%) and Uppland (9%) regions. Trace amounts are recorded from the northern Baltic, Dalarna and Småland regions. The spatial distribution of crystalline erratic source areas suggests material incorporation into an ice sheet mainly from central-eastern Fennoscandia. The indicator assemblage composition indicates the Odranian (MIS 6) origin of the till. The majority of the erratic sedimentary rocks were derived from the central and southern Baltic Basin while local rocks comprise a minor proportion. The relatively low carbonate clasts content indicates that the till was affected by partial decalcification resulting from post-depositional chemical weathering. This study supplements the results on erratic pebble provenance in the glacial tills of Middle Polish Glaciation Complex in Poland.

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Petrographical analysis of Warthian fluvioglacial gravels as a tool to trace the source area – a case study from central Poland

Górska-Zabielska M., Wachecka-Kotkowska L.

Geologos

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 3

183--199

EN

The petrographical features of the medium- and coarse-grained gravels (4-10 mm and 20-60 mm, respectively) of weathered and fresh (unweathered) deposits indicate, in combination with so-called indicator and statistical erratics, that two glacial lobes joined in the borderland of the Polish Lowlands and Uplands. Lower Palaeozoic limestones become less frequent in the finer gravel fraction, whereas crystalline rocks and flints become more frequent. The petrographical analysis of the coarser gravel fraction indicates that the ice sheet advanced from the NE to NNW (the Widawka lobe) and from the NE to ENE (the Rawka, Pilica and Luciąża lobes). The source areas of the gravel deposited by the Warthian ice sheet were magmatic and sedimentary areas of both the Baltic and the SE Sweden basins.

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Charakterystyka litologiczno-petrograficzna osadów czwartorzędowych w dolinie Warty (stanowisko Koźmin-Północ)

Czubla P., Forysiak J., Petera-Zganiacz J., Grajoszek M., Wiśniewska M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 2

120--126

EN

The investigated area is located in the middle section of the Warta River valley, where the Neogen deposits with lignite series occur within the Adamów tectonic graben. In the Kozmin-North excavation, opened for extraction in 2008 and belonging to the "Adamów"Lignite Mine, the Neogene deposits are covered with an about 30-m thick Quaternary series. The research was carried out to identify the origin and age of the Quaternary sediments. As a result, four sandy series and three till series were identified, which were deposited during the South Polish Glaciations and Middle Polish Glaciations. North Polish Glaciations sediments developed in extraglacial conditions.

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Diamicton in Besiekierz (Central Poland) : how to avoid misinterpretation of superposition in Quaternary geology

Czubla P., Forysiak J., Twardy J.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 4

629–-636

EN

Diamicton in Biesiekierz (central Poland), whose age and origin has long provoked debate, is located above unquestionable Eemian biogenic deposits documented by palynological and Cladocera analyses. Petrographically, this diamicton shows some similarities to Warthanian till. Lithologically, it shows considerable weathering of the deposit, a possible selection of the component minerals and addition of dispersed biogenic matter. The results obtained so far as well as the palaeomorphological situation indicate that the diamicton is reworked till material, as are sand intercalations within it. Given the organic content of this diamicton, we infer that a long-term agricultural exploitation of its immediate surroundings was the main factor behind colluvial reworking and displacement occurring above the Eemian biogenic deposits in the fossil depression.

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Analiza petrograficzna osadów glacjalnych : zarys problematyki

Górska-Zabielska M.

Landform Analysis

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2010

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Vol. 12

49-70

PL

W pracy omówiono kompleksową analizę petrograficzną osadów lodowcowych, obejmującą frakcję żwirów średnioziarnistych i gruboziarnistych. Podano cel i zakres badań oraz zaprezentowano znaczenie i rolę analiz petrograficznych. Przedstawiono zależność składu petrograficznego od frakcji osadu i jego genezy. Analizę petrograficzną omówiono w aspektach terenowym, laboratoryjnym i kameralnym. Podano również możliwości zastosowania analizy petrograficznej do celów litostratygraficznych oraz poznawczych w świetle analizy materiału kamiennego budującego obiekty dziedzictwa kulturowego.

EN

The paper discusses a comprehensive Polish petrographic study of glacial sediments, including a fine and coarse gravel. The purpose and scope of research as well as the importance and role of the petrographic analysis is presented. The dependence of petrographic composition on the sediment fractions and its genesis is discussed. The petrographic analysis is discussed in the aspects of field, laboratory and intimate work. The paper provides the possibility of applying for the petrographic analysis due to lithostratigraphic purposes; it also shows how stone buildings of cultural heritage can be analysed in the light of the petrographic analysis.

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Zróżnicowanie petrograficzne plejstoceńskich osadów Pojezierza Myśliborskiego na przykładzie żwirów z Chełma Górnego i Cedyni

Górska-Zabielska M., Pisarska-Jamroży M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 4

317-321

EN

Petrographical content of Pleistocene gravels (4–10 mm) derived from till and glaciofluvial deposits of Western Pomerania was studied. The coarse-grained gravels (20–60 mm) have been additionally investigated for indicator erratics. There are three dominant petrographical groups within the gravels regardless of genetic type of sediments: crystalline rocks, Lower Paleozoic limestones and sandstones. Indicator erratics indicate the most effective glacial erosion in south-eastern Sweden. Theoretical stone center is located at 57.7°N and 16°E, that is in Smĺland. Other regions where the ice sheet could have been nourished were located in Dalarna and Ĺland Islands. The most numerous erratics found in the glacial sediments are: Smĺland granites and quartz porphyries, Ĺland rapakivi granites and quartz porphyries, Bredvad porphyries, Venjan and Grönklitt porphyrites.

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Obszary macierzyste skandynawskich eratyków przewodnich osadów ostatniego zlodowacenia północno-zachodniej Polski i północno-wschodnich Niemiec

Górska-Zabielska Maria

Geologos

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2008

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Vol. 14, No. 2

177--194

PL

Wychodnie skalne środkowego Bałtyku, wysp szwedzkich oraz południowo-wschodniej Szwecji były obszarem dominującej egzaracji tej części lądolodu, która podczas fazy pomorskiej późnego plenivistulianu dotarła po NW Polskę i NE Niemcy. W zespole wszystkich skandynawskich narzutniaków najmłodszych osadów depozycji glacjalnej z NW Polski i NE Niemiec około 30-40% stanowią skały krystaliczne. Ich obszarem macierzystym jest tarcza bałtycka, uformowana w proterozoiku. Do najważniejszych narzutniaków pochodzących z tarczy bałtyckiej należą: granity Uppsala i Stockholm, granit rapakivi Aland, eratyki z Dalarny (granity Garberg, Jima, Siljan oraz porfir Dalama). Są to także eratyki egzarowane w transskandynawskim paśmie magmowym: granity Smáland, Vánevik, Vörlebo, Filipstad, Kristinehamn, czerwone i szare granity Vöxjö, porfiry Páscallavik; dalej są to eratyki z regionu Blekinge-Bornholn (granity Karlshamn, Spinkamála, Halen, Vánga, Hammer, Vang, Svaneke) oraz eratyki z regionu gnejsowego SW Szwecji (sjenity Glimákra i Vaggeryd, gnejs Járna i czarnokit Varberg). W grupie skał narzutowych są także skały uformowane podczas młodszych zdarzeń geologicznych (np. permski porfir rombowy z Oslo czy jurajski bazalt ze Skanii). Skały macierzyste są zlokalizowane również w obrębie pokrywy osadowej dna Bałtyku centralnego i południowego, której powstanie wiąże się ze zdarzeniami geologicznymi w neoproterozoiku, wczesnym paleozoiku i kredzie. Z dna Bałtyku, wysp Gotlandii i Olandii oraz państw nadbałtyckich pochodzi około 60-70% wszystkich eratyków osadowych późnoplenivistuliańskiej depozycji glacjalnej. Są to: piaskowce jotnickie, wapienie ordowiku i syluru, dewońskie piaskowce i dolomity. Z południowo-zachodniego Bałtyku pochodzą górnokredowe wapienie oraz górnokredowe i paleogeńskie krzemienie.

EN

The hardrock substratum of the middle Baltic Sea, Swedish islands and south-eastern Sweden are the main areas eroded by the late Pleniweichselian ice sheet. The erratics that the ice transported away from these areas are now found in the youngest glacial deposits of NW Poland and NE Germany. The Scandinavian erratics sampled from the youngest glacial deposits in NW Poland and NE Germany consist for 30-40% of crystalline rocks derived from the Proterozoic of the Fennoscandian (Baltic) Shield. They include Svecofennian rocks (Uppsala granite, Stockholm granite, Áland rapakivi granite), granites and porphyries from Dalama (Garberg granite, Jima granite, Siljan granite, Dalama porhyry), as well as materiał from the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (Smáland granite, Vánevik granite, Vörlebo granite, red and grey Vöxjö granites, Páscallavik porphyry, Filipstad granite and Kristinehamn granite), from the Blekinge-Bornholn region (Karlshamn granite, Spinkamála granite, Halen granite, Vánga granite, Hammer granite, Vang granite, Svaneke granite), and the gneissic region of SW Sweden (Glimákra syenite, Vaggeryd syenite, Járna gneiss, Varberg chamockit). Other erratics come from younger volcanic rocks, dating back to the Late Palaeozoic and Jurassic/Cretaceous (e.g., the romb porphyry from the Oslo graben and Scanian basalt). The sedimentary cover of the Neoproterozoic, the Lower Palaeozoic and the Cretaceous (from the Baltic Sea, Aland Islands, Gotland, Öland and the Baltic states) are also source rocks. Glacial sediments deposited directly south of the Baltic Sea consist for 60-70% of Fennoscandian sedimentary erratics. They include: Jotnian sandstones, Ordovician and Silurian limestones, Devonian sandstones (Old Red) and dolomites. Other source areas of indicator erratics are located along the Sorgenfrei-Teisseyre-Tornquist zone and further to the south-west (e.g. Late Cretaceous limestones, Late Cretaceous and Paleogene flints).

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Eratyki przewodnie w glinach morenowych Polski

Czubla P., Gałązka D., Górska M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

352-362

EN

Erratics analysis is one of the principal methods used to study glacial sediments. Usually, simplified petrography of gravel fraction is employed, whereas more advanced techniques, based on interpreting certain rock types of Fennoscandian provenience, are still rarely used in Poland. This is mainly due to the lack of training in classifying erratic rocks, what in turn is at least partly a consequence of the lack of appropriate Polish language atlases. We are willing to bridge this gap, presenting the 33 descriptions of the indicator rock types found in the Pleistocene sediments in Poland. Most descriptions have been illustrated with colour photographs, showing either the specimens from Poland, or the ones collected during our expeditions to Sweden, Denmark and Finland.We present the most important features, which allow to both identify a sample unambiguously and to tie it to a specific outcrop in Fennoscandia. Additionally, we include the geographic coordinates of the central points of source outcrops, used to define the theoretical pebble centres position (Lüttig 1958).

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Eratyki przewodnie w glinach morenowych Polski

Czubla P., Gałązka D., Górska M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 3

245-255

EN

Erratics analysis is one of the principal methods used to study glacial sediments. Usually, simplified petrography of gravel fraction is employed, whereas more advanced techniques, based on interpreting certain rock types of Fennoscandian provenience, are still rarely used in Poland. This is mainly due to the lack of training in classifying erratic rocks, what in turn is at least partly a consequence of the lack of appropriate Polish language atlases. We are willing to bridge this gap, presenting the 33 descriptions of the indicator rock types found in the Pleistocene sediments in Poland. Most descriptions have been illustrated with colour photographs, showing either the specimens from Poland, or the ones collected during our expeditions to Sweden, Denmark and Finland.We present the most important features, which allow to both identify a sample unambiguously and to tie it to a specific outcrop in Fennoscandia. Additionally, we include the geographic coordinates of the central points of source outcrops, used to define the theoretical pebble centres position

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Pozycja stratygraficzna glin morenowych w odkrywce „Smulsko” (KWB „Adamów”) w świetle analiz petrograficznych

Czubla P., Forysiak J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 7

574-–578

EN

The ”Adamów–Smulsko” exposure is situated in the eastern part of Wielkopolska about 5 km to the east from Turek. Three till horizons are exposed there. The oldest one is considered to be the deposits of South Polish Glaciation age (Elsterian), the middle one of Odranian age and the upper one — divided in two strata — of Warthanian age (Klatkowa, 1993). Indicator erratics in samples taken in two profiles, lying two kilometres apart, were analysed. The relationship between fundamental indicator erratics has been determined and the comparison with the contribution of particular alimentation areas in the supply of coarse material has been made, also the theoretical home centres of the boulder associations (TGZ) here been marked. The stratigraphical conclusions do not confirm the previous interpretation. The occurrence of Odranian tills has not been supported. The lowest till horizon has been attributed to Nida Glaciation, whereas the middle and upper ones to the Warthanian Glaciation.

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Nowe znaleziska narzutniaków porfiru rombowego z Oslo na terenie północno-zachodniej Polski

Górska M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 7

580-585

PL

Znalezione na wolińskiej plaży między Międzyzdrojami a Grodnem dwa porfiry rombowe z Oslo są niecodziennym znaleziskiem wśród skandynawskich narzutniaków przewodnich w osadach polodowcowych północnej Polski. Jak dotąd znanych i opublikowanych jest około 20 miejsc występowania narzutniaków z okolic Oslo w tej części Polski. Przynależność stratygraficzna porfirów rombowych z Wolina nie jest znana, bo zostały znalezione na kamienistej półce abrazyjnej, pod klifem, w którym występują dwie gliny lodowcowe. Przeprowadzone w tym miejscu badania petrograficzne narzutniaków skandynawskich dolnej szarej gliny lodowcowej wskazują na wyraźnie północno-zachodni kierunek nasunięcia się lądolodu (50% wszystkich narzutniaków próbki nr 3 ma swoje wychodnie w zachodniej części południowego Bałtyku). Narzutniaki przewodnie obecne w tej i dwóch pozostałych próbkach pochodzą z południowo-wschodniej części Szwecji oraz niecki Bałtyku właściwego. Są to wychodnie, po których przemieszczał się transgredujący z północy lądolód zanim nie dotarł do wychodni kredy, leżących w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie wyspy Wolin. Zastanawiający jest jednak tak wielki udział narzutniaków z sektora zachodniego łącznie z 2 porfirami rombowymi z Oslo. Czy dotarły one zakotwiczone w górach lodowych (Benn i Evans, 1998, za Donnerem, 1995) ?; a może tak liczne ich występowanie w osadach polodowcowych wiązać należy z obecnością kopuły lodowej Lagerlunda (1987, 1995)? Schulz (2003) sugeruje jeszcze transport drogą morską balastu okrętowego. Zaplanowane szczegółowe badania petrograficzne narzutniaków skandynawskich wolińskiego klifu powinny przynieść rozwiązanie tej zagadki.

EN

Two specimens of Oslo rhomb porphyries find on the Wolin Island beach between Międzyzdroje and Grodno are extraordinary finds among the entire population of Scandinavian indicator erratics within glacial sediments in northern Poland. Only around 20 localities of erratics from Oslo have been noted in that part of Poland so far (Schulz, 1973). Unfortunately, the stratigraphy of the Wolin erratics is not known, because they have been found on the stony abrasion shelf at the foot of a cliff. The cliff itself consists of two separate till layers. The petrographical analysis of the lower bed of gray glacial till where rhomb porphyries had been found, point to distinctly north-western direction of an ice sheet advance (50 % of the entire population of erratics from sample 3 derive from western mother regions in the southern Baltic bottom). The analysed indicator erratics form the lower Wolin till represent the south-eastern Sweden and western part of the bottom of Baltic depression. The ice-sheet, approaching from the north, has transgressed on these outcrops before reaching the mother regions of Cretaceous limestones, which are located in the direct vicinity of the Wolin Island. The ample content of western erratics in sampled sediments of the Wolin cliff as well as the Oslo rhomb porphyries are of high interest. Have they come in icebergs (Benn & Evans, 1998, see Donner, 1995) or maybe their presence in glacial sediments should be connected with the Lagerlund's ice dome (1987, 1995)7 Schulz (2003) suggests a ship transport (as ballast stones). The planned detailed petrographical analysis on the Scandinavian erratics of the Wolin cliff should clarify the issue.