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Wybrane zdalne metody szacowania biomasy roślinnej w ekosystemach leśnych jako podstawa systemu raportowania bilansu węgla

Chirrek M., Strzeliński P., Wencel A., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T., Zasada M., Jagodziński A.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2007

T. 5, z. 4

7-16

Effects of increasing CO2 content in the atmosphere of Earth have been widely discussed for a long time and found their expression in a form of the .Kyoto Protocol.. The document shows various ways of reducing the CO2 content. Forest management is listed as one of such possibilities. Thus, the important issue arises to monitor carbon amount accumulated or released as a result of forest ecosystem management as well as to predict its changes depending on various scenarios. The importance of this problem persuaded the General Directorate of State Forests to fund a research project entitled .The Carbon balance in biomass of the major forest forming species in Poland.. The goal of the project is to elaborate and validate allometric equations and expansion factors for determining the biomass of forest stands. Methods to assess amount of carbon accumulated in forest ecosystems as well as methods of detecting changes in carbon accumulation and dynamics resulting from various ways of forest management were also to be elaborated. The first stage of the research, planned for years 2007.2010, is to be performed on about 300 sample plots representing different age classes and sites for 8 major forest tree species and 12 species of shrubs. Empirical equations and expansion factors for determining biomass of trees, shrubs, forest floor, and carbon sequestered in stands will be worked out based on direct and indirect measurements of various forest attributes. The valuable element of the project is a possibility of data integration and comparison of various research methods (satellite and airborne imagery, airborne and terrestrial laser scanning, hemispheric images). As a result of the project, also answers to the following questions are expected: What is the influence of LAI, determined with the use of various methods (hemispheric images, airborne and satellite imagery, and airborne and terrestrial laser scanning), on the accuracy of tree biomass and stand carbon balance assessment? What is the role of vegetation indices on tree biomass assessment accuracy? Does the terrestrial laser scanning significantly increase accuracy and precision, and shorten time of tree, stand and forest floor plants. measurements and their biomass assessment?

Zastosowanie zdjęć hemisferycznych w badaniach ekosystemów leśnych

Strzeliński P.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2006

T. 4, z. 4

93-112

The main aim of the study is to discuss basic assumptions of taking hemispherical photographs in the context of their practical use in forest inventory. The work encompasses methodology of taking digital hemispherical photographs. Hemispherical photographs are most often taken for research on ecological conditions of plants. Usually the aim of such research is to obtain information on the amount of light which reaches selected height above the ground. It is important to observe a few rules in taking photographs (overcast, camera leveling, sensitivity, shutter speed, maximum resolution). The best equipment for this purpose is a digital reflex camera and fish-eye lens with the angle 180°. Another solution is a digital reflex camera smaller than 35 mm with suitable converter which together with lens will allow to obtain circular photo with retained angle of 180°. Gap Light Analyzer and WinSCANOPY are the most frequently used software packages for analysis of hemispherical photos. The following elements are expected to be determined as a result of analyses based on hemispherical photographs: absolute amount of light registered at measurement levels, crown density structure, spatial variability of stand foliage, leaf area index, general description of crowns (crowns deformation, viability of lateral shoots) the condition of assimilatory organs (number of annuals, crown light and decrement of assimilatory organs, distortion and discoloration of assimilatory organs) relationship between tree density and natural regeneration The following attempts will be undertaken with the use of hemispherical photos: to estimate biomass of assimilatory organs, to estimate density of photons flow in the process of photosynthesis under canopies and in gaps of stand, to register the infrared scope of radiation (in order to examine assimilation organs in stands), to prepare a photomap of canopies. The study encompasses a brief review of literature, a list of possible devices with basic software.