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1

Identification of phase percolation in bainitic structures

Deroszewska Martyna, Saraczyn Robert, Miłek Tomasz, Troska Jakub

Polish Technical Review

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2023

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No. 2

23--28

EN

The aim of this study was to identify and study the phenomenon of phase percolation in bainite structures. SEM microscopic tests were carried out on bainitized iron alloy samples, in the FEM tests austenitic SS316 steel was used as the filled phase. Physical models, which were produced in the form of cubes and tensile samples, were made in FDM technology on the Original Prusa Mini+ printer from ASA filament (modified ABS copolymer). The static tensile test was performed on a LabTest 5.20 SP1 testing machine at a tensile speed of 10mm/min. Complex states of stress in the analyzed systems were identified, which prove the complexity of the phenomenon in multiphase materials. The obtained results were correlated, which allowed to indicate that the phenomenon of percolation indeed affects the mechanical properties of multiphase materials and incremental techniques can be used to analyze the level of this impact.

PL

Celem pracy było rozpoznanie i zbadanie zjawiska perkolacji fazowej w strukturach bainitu. Badania mikroskopowe SEM przeprowadzono na bainityzowanych próbkach stopu żelaza, w badaniach MES jako fazę wypełnioną zastosowano stal austenityczną SS316. Modele fizyczne, które wykonano w postaci kostek i próbek rozciągliwych, wykonano w technologii FDM na drukarce Original Prusa Mini+ z filamentu ASA (modyfikowany kopolimer ABS). Statyczną próbę rozciągania przeprowadzono na maszynie wytrzymałościowej LabTest 5.20 SP1 przy prędkości rozciągania 10 mm/min. Zidentyfikowano złożone stany naprężeń w analizowanych układach, które świadczą o złożoności zjawiska w materiałach wielofazowych. Uzyskane wyniki skorelowano, co pozwoliło wskazać, że zjawisko perkolacji rzeczywiście wpływa na właściwości mechaniczne materiałów wielofazowych, a techniki przyrostowe mogą być wykorzystane do analizy poziomu tego oddziaływania.

2

The analysis of the possibilities of using 3D printer for making components and parts of marine equipment for example flexible clutch coupling

Kyzioł Lesław, Kończewicz Włodzimierz, Dynowski Adrian

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 3

221--239

EN

The advantage of incremental techniques is the reduction of material losses as opposed to loss techniques, i.e. machining. The element of flexible insert of the flexible coupling was made with the use of the incremental technique using the FDM method made of ABS plastic and the exploitation tests of the performed insert were performed in the device simulating the operation of the thruster on the ship. The use of materials obtained from the recycling of plastic waste is of great importance for printing.

PL

Zaletą technik przyrostowych jest zmniejszenie strat materiałowych w odróżnieniu do technik ubytkowych tj. obróbki skrawaniem. Techniką przyrostową wykonano element wkładki elastycznej sprzęgła podatnego za pomocą metody FDM z tworzywa ABS i przeprowadzono badania eksploatacyjne wykonanej wkładki w urządzeniu symulującym działanie steru strumieniowego na statku. Duże znaczenie ma wykorzystanie do druku materiałów uzyskanych z recyklingu odpadów z tworzyw sztucznych.

3

A biomechanical model for a new incremental technique for tooth restoration

Sarcev I.N., Petronievic B.S., Atanackovic T.M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2012

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Vol. 14, no. 3

85-91

EN

The objective of this study is to introduce a modified incremental technique that leads to improved marginal adaptation and to develop a mathematical model that explains the results obtained. The technique proposed is a two-step incremental technique that reduces volume of a resin that is polymerized at each step and eliminates the central point in resin, so that the stresses are additionally reduced. In the first step, the resin is placed in the cylindrical cavity with a conical dental instrument embedded in the middle of restoration. After polymerization, the conical dental instrument is removed and the conical hole is filled with the second layer of composite and polymerized. This technique is a variant of a method where singular stress point is eliminated. We modified the previous technique by introducing a conical dental instrument into the centre of the cavity. The procedure proposed was compared with the bulk and horizontal layer incremental technique. This study confirmed that the incremental type placement technique used here has better marginal adaptation than bulk technique and horizontal two-layer incremental technique although it has larger C-factor in the first step than the two-layer incremental technique. Thus, the elimination of the central point of restoration leads to better marginal adaptation. Conical shape of the cavity that is filled in the second step makes this technique easy to apply in clinical conditions. A mathematical model describing stresses in the restoration shows stress reduction as a consequence of applying the procedure proposed.