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1

Comparative study of sliding mode and incremental conductance for maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic array

Abdelraouf Beddi, Serhoud Hicham, Nacer Hebbir

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 1

111--115

EN

The aim of this paper is to compare two techniques the sliding mode control and incremental conductance, for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of PV stand-alone system under a rapid change of irradiation and temperature. The comparison study is based on convergence speed, steady-state oscillations, and tracking efficiency. This system consists of a DC/DC boost converter, photovoltaic arrays, load, and MPPT control . The system performance of sliding mode control was compared to the incremental conductance algorithm using the Sim-Power System of MATLAB. From the simulation resulta the sliding mode method shows a better performance and also has a lower oscillation.

PL

Celem tego artykułu jest porównanie dwóch technik, sterowania trybem ślizgowym i przewodności przyrostowej, dla śledzenia punktu maksymalnej mocy (MPPT) w autonomicznym systemie PV przy gwałtownych zmianach napromieniowania i temperatury. Badanie porównawcze opiera się na prędkości zbieżności, oscylacjach stanu ustalonego i wydajności śledzenia. System ten składa się z konwertera doładowania DC/DC, paneli fotowoltaicznych, obciążenia i sterowania MPPT i będzie symulowany przy użyciu systemu Sim-Power firmy MATLAB. Techniki te mają na celu monitorowanie parametrów wyjściowych systemu PV i uzyskanie optymalnego cyklu pracy. Niniejsze opracowanie zawiera szczegółową analizę i porównanie różnych technik.

2

Maximum power point tracking techniques for low-cost solar photovoltaic applications – Part I: constant parameters and trial-and-error

Sutikno Tole, Subrata Arsyad Cahya, Pau Giovanni, Jusoh Awang, Ishaque Kashif

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 72, nr 1

125--145

EN

The development of research on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller has increased significantly in this decade. The MPPT technique, however, is still demanding because of the ease and simplicity of implementing tracking technique on the maximum power point (MPP). In this paper, MPPT techniques and their modifications from various literature are classified and examined in detail. The discussions are focused on the main objective of obtaining the best possible MPPT technique with the best results at a low cost. The assessment for the selection of MPPT techniques is based on assessments from the previous literature. The discussion of the MPPT technique assessment is divided into two parts. In Part I, the MPPT technique based on constant parameters, and trial-and-error will be discussed in detail, along with its algorithm development in recent times.

3

Banes and boons of perturb & observe, incremental conductance and modified regula falsi methods for sustainable PV energy generation

Gopal Y., Kumar K., Birla D., Lalwani M.

Journal of Power Technologies

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2017

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Vol. 97, nr 1

35--43

EN

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) optimizes overall power generation in photovoltaic (PV) applications. The voltagepower characteristics of PV array operating under variable irradiance and temperature conditions exhibit numerous local maximum power points (MPP). This paper presents the optimization method of MPP tracking, based on the modified Regula Falsi method (MRFM). Results of this method are compared with the conventional perturb & observe (P&O) method and the incremental conductance (IC) method. The modified Regula Falsi method has better convergence, lower oscillation time, less power loss and enhanced output power than the other two methods. To obtain a stable voltage from a solar array, a DC-DC Cuk converter is used. It can step-up and step-down the voltage level according to load requirement. Results have been verified on the MATLAB platform in variable environmental conditions.

4

MPPT algorithms used in of photovoltaics

Hadaj P., Nowak M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Elektrotechnika

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2016

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z. 35 [294], nr 2

5--17

EN

Due to volatility of current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic module, MPPT algorithms are important element of photovoltaic power station. In most cases, MPPT algorithm controls power electronics converter, which receives power directly from one or more modules. Maximum power point changes its location together with insolation level temperature changes. There are also indirect, direct and artificial intelligence supported methods. Indirect methods are fractional methods and look-up table. Direct methods are Perturb & Observe and Incremental conductance. Direct algorithms are widely used, because of their ability to model maximum power point significantly better than indirect methods. Artificial intelligence supported methods obtain even better results in determining optimal operating conditions. Usage of these algorithms allows to increase the efficiency of energy production, and furthermore financial benefits. Investment payback time can also be shortened by using these methods, which are still being improved.

PL

Ze względu na zmienność charakterystyki prądowo-napięciowej modułu fotowoltaicznego, algorytmy MPPT są ważnym elementem elektrowni fotowoltaicznej. Algorytm MPPT najczęściej steruje przekształtnikiem energoelektronicznym, który bezpośrednio odbiera moc z modułu lub grupy modułów. Punkt mocy maksymalnej zmienia swoje położenie, wraz ze zmianą nasłonecznia i temperatury pracy modułu. Istnieją metody pośrednie, bezpośrednie i wspomagane sztuczną inteligencją. Do metod pośrednich możemy zaliczyć m. in. metody ułamkowe i metodę look-up table, do bezpośrednich algorytm Perturb & Observe oraz Incremental conductance. Szerzej stosuje się algorytmy bezpośrednie, gdyż lepiej odwzorowują punkt mocy maksymalnej od metod pośrednich, a wspomagane sztuczną inteligencją pozwalają jeszcze lepszym stopniu wyznaczyć optymalne warunki pracy. Stosowanie tych algorytmów pozwala zwiększyć efektywność produkcji energii, a tym samym korzyści finansowe po może znacząco skrócić czas zwrotu inwestycji. Są one wdalszym ciągu udoskonalane.

5

Closed loop control of Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter with Integrated Maximum Power Point Tracking for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Application

Ravi A., Manoharan P. S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 10

230-236

EN

A Three-phase Diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) based photovoltaic system for grid connection is proposed with different maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This photovoltaic (PV) system utilizes two conversion stages: algorithm for tracking the maximum power point and a DCMLI used as an interfacing unit. The maximum power point tracking is achieved with Perturb and absorb (P&O), Incremental conductance algorithm (INC) and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and the DCMLI regulates the DC link voltage and synchronizes the grid voltage and current in order to achieve unity power factor operation. The proposed system provides high dynamic performance in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and power quality injected into the grid. The validity of the proposed system is confirmed by simulations.

PL

Opisano trójfazowy przekształtnik wielopoziomowy DCMLI przystosowany do sieci fotowoltaicznej z układem śledzenia maksymalnej mocy MPPT. System wykorzystuje dwa etapy konwersji: algorytm do śledzenia maksymalnej mocy i przekształtnik użyty jako interfejs. Interfejs steruje napięciem DC i synchronizuje napięcie sieci.

6

Evaluation of maximum power point tracking methods for photovoltaic systems

Talha A., Boumaaraf H., Bouhali O.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2011

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Vol. 21, no. 2

151-165

EN

The output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are nonlinear and change with the solar irradiance and the cell's temperature. Therefore, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. Among the hill climbing methods, the perturb and observe (P&O) method tracks the maximum power point (MPP) by repeatedly increasing or decreasing the output voltage at the MPP of the PV module. The implementation of the method is relatively simple, but it cannot track the MPP when the irradiance varies quickly with time. In addition, itmay cause system oscillation around the peak power points due to the effect of measurement noise. The incremental conductance (IncCond) method is also often used in PV systems. This method tracks the MPPs by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the solar array. This method requires longer conversion time, and a large amount of power loss results. In addition, extra hardware circuitry is required to implement the system. In this paper, it is shown that the negative effects associated with such a drawback can be greatly reduced if the intelligent method is used to improve P&O and IncCond algorithms. The perturbation step is continuously approximated by using fuzzy logic controller (FLC). By the digital simulation, the validity of the proposed control algorithm is proved.