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Synthesis of functionalized HAp-surface on β-Ti alloy using ball-burnishing assisted EDC process for biomedical application

Prakash Chander, Kotecha Ketan, Pramanik Alokesh, Basak Animesh, Shankar S.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2022

Vol. 22, no. 4

art. no. e192, 2022

The current research develops functionalized biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HAp)-rich surface on TNTZ alloy using a novel ball-burnishing assisted electric discharge cladding (BB-EDC) has been presented. The biomechanical properties of HAp-layer, such as mechanical properties, fatigue performance, in-vitro corrosion resistance, and bioactivity, have been investigated. The results showed that EDC-modified surfaces comprised discharge craters, globules, splats structures, and high ridges of redeposited metal. However, the BB-EDC process produced a relatively flat, smooth, dense surface with an average roughness value of 0.75 µm. The HAp-cladded layer by EDC and BB-EDC process featured an irregular surface range 25–30 µm thick and compact layer ranging 5–7 µm thick, respectively. The ball burnishing subjected caused plastic deformation on the developed layer that produced fine microstructure that increased surface hardness from 2.8 to 8.7 GPa. The functional HAp-cladded layer obtained by BB-EDC exhibit excellent corrosion properties. The dense and compact layer comprised a deformed microstructure with high residual stresses that offered high resistance to crack imitation propagation, thus resulting in better fatigue performance of β-phase TNTZ alloy. Furthermore, in-vitro bioactivity results showed that BB-EDC modified exhibit anti-inflammatory surface and promoted cell growth. The findings of the current research work offer up new possibilities for biomedical, automobile and aerospace industries to utilize the potential of BB-EDC as a new surface engineering technology to develop functionalized surfaces with improved surface characteristics and mechanical properties.

In vitro evaluation of bioactivity of SiO2-CaO-P2O5-Na2O-CaF2-ZnO glass-ceramics

Riaz M, Zia R, Saleemi F, Bashir F, Hossain T, Kayani Z

Materials Science Poland

2014

Vol. 32, No. 3

364--374

Zinc is an essential trace element that stimulates bone formation but it is also known as an inhibitor of apatite crystal growth. In this work addition of ZnO to SiO2–CaO–P2O5–Na2O–CaF2 glass-ceramic system was made by conventional meltquenching technique. DSC curves showed that the addition of ZnO moved the endothermic and exothermic peaks to lower temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis did not reveal any additional phase caused by ZnO addition and showed the presence of wollastonite and hydroxyapatite crystalline phases only in all the glass-ceramic samples. As bio-implant apatite forming ability is an essential condition, the surface reactivity of the prepared glass-ceramic specimens was studied in vitro in Kokubo’s simulated body fluid (SBF) [1] with ion concentration nearly equal to human blood plasma for 30 days at 37 °C under static condition. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to study the changes in element concentrations in soaking solutions and XRD, FT-IR and SEM were used to elucidate surface properties of prepared glass-ceramics, which confirmed the formation of HCAp on the surface of all glass-ceramics. It was found that the addition of ZnO had a positive effect on bioactivity of glassceramics and made it a potential candidate for restoration of damaged bones.