Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Role of materials design in maintenance engineering in the context of industry 4.0 idea

Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 96, nr 1

12--49

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the issues of designing the maintenance of materials and products in accordance with the idea of Industry 4.0. The author's views on the need for augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model were also presented, as well as the author's original concept that hybrid activities in predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance should be preceded by designing material, maintenance & manufacturing 3MD at the stage of the product's material designing and technological designing. The 3MD approach significantly reduces the frequency of assumed actions, procedures and resources necessary to remain the condition of this product for the longest possible time, enabling it to perform the designed working functions. Examples of own advanced research on several selected, newly developed materials, used in very different areas of application, confirmed the validity of the scientific hypothesis and the relationship between the studied phenomena and structural effects and the working functions of products and their maintenance and indicated that material design is one of the most important elements guaranteeing progress production at the stage of Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. Design/methodology/approach: The author's considerations are based on an extensive literature study and the results of the author's previous study and empirical work. Each of the examples given required the use of a full set of research methods available to modern material engineering, including HRTEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Findings: The most interesting intellectual achievements contained in the paper include presentations of the author's original concepts regarding the augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model, which has been distributed so far, which not only requires augmentation but is actually only one of the 4 elements of the technology platform of the extended holistic model of current industrial development, concerning cyber-IT production aided system. The author also presents his own concept for designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD already at the stage of material and technological design of the product, eliminating many problems related to product maintenance, even before they are manufactured and put into exploitation. Detailed results of detailed structural researches of several selected avant-garde engineering materials and discussion of structural changes that accompanying their manufacturing and/or processing are also included. Originality/value: The originality of the paper is associated with the novelty of the approach to analysing maintenance problems of materials and products, taking into account the requirements of the contemporary stage of Industry 4.0 development. The value of the paper is mainly associated with the presentation of original issues referred to as findings, including the concept of augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model and the introduction and experimental confirmation of the idea by designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD.

2

The new generation of the biologicalengineering materials for applications in medical and dental implant-scaffolds

Dobrzański L. A., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Czuba Z. P., Dobrzański L. B., Achtelik-Franczak A., Malara P., Szindler M., Kroll L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 91, nr 2

56--85

EN

Purpose: The publication aims to find the relationship between the proliferation of surface layers of living cells and the deposition of thin atomic layers deposition ALD coatings on the pores internal surfaces of porous skeletons of medical and dental implant-scaffolds manufactured with the selective laser deposition SLS additive technology using titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The extensive review of the literature presents the state-of-the-art in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. General ageing of societies, increasing the incidence of oncological diseases and some transport and sports accidents, and also the spread of tooth decay and tooth cavities in many regions of the world has taken place nowadays. Those reasons involve resection of many tissues and organs and the need to replace cavities, among others bones and teeth through implantation, more and more often hybridized with tissue engineering methods. Findings: The results of investigations of the structure and properties of skeleton microporous materials produced from titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy powders by the method of selective laser sintering have been presented. Particularly valuable are the original and previously unpublished results of structural research using high-resolution transmission electron microscope HRTEM. Particular attention has been paid to the issues of surface engineering, in particular, the application of flat TiO2 and Al2O3 coatings applied inside micropores using the atomic layers deposition ALD method and hydroxyapatite applied the dip-coating sol-gel method, including advanced HRTEM research. The most important part of the work concerns the research of nesting and proliferation of live cells of osteoblasts the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line on the surface of micropores with surfaces covered with the mentioned layers. Research limitations/implications: The investigations reported in the paper fully confirmed the idea of the hybrid technology of producing microporous implants and implant-scaffolds to achieve original Authors’ biological-engineering materials. The surface engineering issues, including both flat-layered nonorganic coatings and interactions of those coverings with flat layers of living cells, play a crucial role. Originality/value: Materials commonly used in implantology and the most commonly used materials processing technologies in those applications have been described. Against that background, the original Authors' concept of implant-scaffolds and the application of microporous skeleton materials for this purpose have been presented.

3

Metallic skeletons as reinforcement of new composite materials applied in orthopaedics and dentistry

Dobrzański L. A., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Czuba Z. P., Dobrzański L. B., Achtelik-Franczak A., Malara P., Szindler M., Kroll L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 92, nr 2

53--85

EN

Purpose: The article concerns the development of completely new groups of composite materials that can be used to produce functional replacements for damaged bones or teeth. Design/methodology/approach: A selective laser sintering was used to produce the reinforcement of those materials from titanium and its Ti6Al4V alloy in the form of skeletons with pores with adjustable geometric features. The matrix of those materials is either air or crystallised from the liquid AlSi12 or AlSi7Mg0.3 alloys condition after prior vacuum infiltration or human osteoblast cells from the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line. Findings: The porous material may be used for the non-biodegradable scaffold. After implantation into the body in the form of an implant-scaffold one, it allows the natural cells of the patient to grow into the pores of the implant, and it fuses with the bone or the appropriate tissue over time. The essential part of the implant-scaffold is the porous part inseparably connected with the core of solid materials. Into pores can grow living cells. Research limitations/implications: Biological-engineering composite materials in which natural cells were cultured in the pores in the laboratory next are combined as an artificial material with the natural cells of the patient in his/her body. Practical implications: The hybrid technologies of the all group of those materials were obtained and optimised. Numerous structure research was carried out using the most modern research methods of contemporary materials engineering, and mechanical tests and biological research involving the cultivation of natural cells were realised. Originality/value: The results of the research indicate the accuracy of the idea of implementing a new group of biological-engineering materials and the wide possibilities of their application in regenerative medicine.

4

The concept of biologically active microporous engineering materials and composite biological-engineering materials for regenerative medicine and dentistry

Dobrzański L. A.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 80, nr 2

64--85

EN

Purpose: The concept presented in this study proposes indirect solutions, both, rigid ones involving high strength and transmission of high mechanical loads, and ones which are elastic, thin and light as fog, when a very light dressing supplying living cells is applied to an extensive wound, e.g. on skin, in a way ensuring their fast fusion with the defected surface of body. They are proposed implant-scaffolds, i.e. rigid devices composed of a solid metal core and a surface or transition porous zone into which living cells may grow. The pores are so small that hair or even a very thin needle can be placed there. The interior of such openings, extending along the entire part of material, needs to be covered from the inside with a very thin coating which can be accepted by living cells so that they can develop in such conditions and penetrate such openings deep inside. Design/methodology/approach: The material solutions proposed in the study result from a synergy of methods of technical sciences, including materials engineering and chemical sciences, in consistency with the adopted author’s assumptions, but, in particular, depending on the specificity of clinical conditions and biological sciences, also tissue engineering, in the context of medical sciences, including tissue therapy, require a multiaspect state-of-the-art analysis and the resulting specific scientific problems which should be solved and their pioneering character. Taking into consideration the lack of references in the literature to the overall analysis of the issue, separate aspects are analysed further in this study concerning biologically active cellular structures and a substrate with an engineering composite material matrix used for scaffolds and newly developed implant-scaffolds. Findings: In consideration of the principal research intention of the presented research concept, pertaining to the development of hybrid and multilayer biological-engineering composite materials, including rigid and elastic ones, composed not only of biologically active cellular structures, the state-of-the-art of which is presented earlier, but also of a substrate with an engineering material matrix, with an optimally selected type, chemical composition and a nanometric structure, fulfilling a carrier function, and in fact a scaffold for biological structures required to have an appropriate array of mechanical properties and rigidity, allowing applications in therapeutic conditions, as well as physiochemical properties, permitting to fully control the behaviour of the whole biological- engineering composite material upon achieving the therapeutic aims defined by medical reasons, it is necessary to consider the material and technological aspects allowing to accomplish the abovementioned assumptions in the current state of technology. Practical implications: Despite obvious technological progress seen in the recent period in the fabrication of cell-based products and in cell-based therapies, it should be acknowledged that therapies based on implantable devices together with the participation of growing cells, and especially the mass technological processes required by such therapies, are still in a relatively incipient phase of technological development, leaving a lot of space for original and pioneering basic research. The basic research performed in the study will represent a solid basis for undertaking application works in the future, allowing to fabricate a new generation of concrete products unknown today, which will find their application in regenerative medicine and dentistry for treating various internal and external disorders associated with, e.g. burning, healing or severe wounds and injuries, removal of consequences of oncological or post-injury disorders. Originality/value: The primary scientific aim of the presented research concept is to verify a research thesis that it is possible and relevant to develop multilayer biological-engineering composite materials having clinical readiness, partially artificial ones, using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), to fabricate microporous rigid titanium and titanium alloy skeletons or for polymer nanofiber electrospinning to produce microporous elastic mats, and partially biological ones consisting of living cells filling the appropriately prepared pores in the mentioned microporous materials. Cognitive aspects concern the recognition of phenomena and mechanisms associated with fabrication of the so understood biologically active microporous engineering material being, in essence, a biological-engineering composite material, and of surface phenomena and mechanisms taking place between individual layers of this unique material and their influence on manufacturing processes, both, in the engineering as well as biological part, and on the behaviour of particular layers and joint zones between such layers during material fabrication, as well as in conditions simulating therapy preparation and duration, and alternatively during the non-destructive separation of cellular structures from a substrate from a composite engineering material substrate on which cells are grown, but already after fulfilling the intended therapeutic function, if the material is not permanently left in the organism.