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1

The digitisation for the immediate dental implantation of incisors with immediate individual prosthetic restoration

Dobrzański L. B., Achtelik-Franczak A., Dobrzańska J., Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 97, nr 2

57--68

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the author's method of planning the procedure of immediate implant-prosthetic restoration in place of a tooth qualified for removal by performing a surgical template and implant-prosthetic restoration based on data obtained in the CBCT test and intraoral scanning 3D model. Design/methodology/approach: The method of planning the implant surgery through the design and manufacture of surgical templates and implant prostheses performed before the start of medical procedures was described on the basis of actual clinical data from patients with anterior segment teeth qualified for extraction for reasons of complications after endodontic treatment. The placement of the implant was planned using virtual reality, where the bone model and the virtual soft tissue model were combined, which made it possible to perform a surgical template and prosthetic implant restoration. For the manufacturing, 3D printing as stereolithography SLA and selective laser sintering SLS for the surgical template manufacturing and CNC milling in the case of the prosthetic implant were used for restoration. Findings: The method allows planning the implant position based on two connected bone and soft tissue models and allows to design and manufacture a surgical guide. In this way, it becomes possible to place implants in the patient's bone during surgery procedure in the planned position and to install the prosthetic implant restoration in the form of an individual abutment and a PMMA crown during the same procedure in the surgical part. Practical implications: Thanks to the method of computer-aided design/manufacturing CAD/CAM production of surgical templates and prosthetic restoration based only on digital models and the planned position of the implant, it is possible to carry out the procedure of immediate tooth extraction and replacement with permanent prosthetic restoration. The whole process is based on the CBCT test performed at the beginning. The presented method allows shortening the procedure time by four times and the rehabilitation time by 3-6 months when performing the procedure in a minimally invasive manner. Originality/value: This article presents the original design and production method of surgical guides. It allows for precise planning of the implant position and transfer of this data to the patient's mouth during the procedure, enabling permanent prosthetic restoration before starting medical procedures.

2

Mechanical response at peri-implant mandibular bone for variation of pore characteristics of implants: A Finite Element Study

Sarkar Sulagna, Sahu Tikeshwar Prasad, Datta Arijit, Chandra Nimesh, Chakraborty Arindam, Datta Pallab, Majumder Santanu, Chowdhury Amit Roy

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 2

83--93

EN

In this paper, the mechanical response of generic dental implants having calculated porosities with varying pore-sizes has been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the developed stress-strain of designed porous implants (i.e., stress at the implant and strain at the peri-implant bone) with that of the non-porous implant. Methods: 3D model of a mandible was prepared from CT scan data and nine generic dental implant models have been designed having 10%, 20%, and 30% porosity with 500, 700, and 900 micron pore size along with a non-porous model for carrying out FE analyses. First, failure analyses of implants, under a biting force of 250 N have been performed. Next, the remaining implants have been further evaluated under average compressive chewing load of 100 N, for mechanical responses at bone-implant interface. Results: Von Mises strain at the peri-implant mandibular bone increases with the increase in percentage porosity of the implant material and maximum implant stress remained much below the yield stress level. Conclusion: Implant stiffness and compressive strength vary as a function of porosity and pore size. Strain obtained on the peri-implant bone is sufficient enough to facilitate better bone growth with the 700 micron pore size and 30% porosity, thus reducing the effect of stress shielding.

3

Zastosowanie materiałów biodegradowalnych w stomatologii : przegląd piśmiennictwa

Cykowska-Błasiak M, Woźna A., Dobrzyńska I., Dobrzyński M., Kosior P.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2018

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Vol. 7, nr 6

412--416

PL

W zależności od rodzaju utraconej struktury tkankowej w obrębie układu stomatognatycznego lub przerwania jej ciągłości mogą być wykorzystywane różne biomateriały, które powinny spełniać określone właściwości mechaniczne. Stosowane implanty, skafoldy, a także śruby, mikropłytki lub klamry zazwyczaj wykonane są z tytanu lub jego stopów. Postęp w dziedzinie biomateriałów spowodował, iż współcześnie wykorzystywane są również materiały biodegradowalne, które po spełnieniu swojej funkcji reparacyjnej ulegają samoistnej degradacji (tj. nici chirurgiczne). W pracy przeanalizowano piśmiennictwo dotyczące wykorzystania materiałów biodegradowalnych w stomatologii.

EN

Depending on the type of the lost tissue within the stomatognathic system or breaking of its continuity, various biomaterials having proper mechanical properties can be used. Applied implants, scafolds as well as screws, micro-plates or clamps are usually made of titanium or its alloys. Advances in the field of biomaterials caused that nowadays biodegradable materials are used, and after their reparative function become self-degrading (ie. surgical stitches). The paper analyzes the literature regarding the use of biodegradable materials in dentistry.

4

Wpływ siły na implant jednofazowy umieszczony w kości

Materac A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

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2017

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z. 108

97--98

EN

The research carried out about dental implant concern not only esthetic aspect, but also biological and mechanical aspects occurred with inserting the implant into the bone. This paper aim is to present the load impact of one-fazed dental implant inserted in the mandible. The Finite Elements Method was used.

5

Assesment of the binding strength of selected bonding systems used for cementation of implantoprosthetic suprastructures

Malara P., Pasieka A., Paluch K., Sobolewska K.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 80, nr 1

18--24

EN

Purpose: of this paper is the assessment of the strength of binding of selected bonding systems used for fixing prosthetic works. The characteristics of cement materials used for settling the crowns on the implant abutments were also included. The study has presented the evaluation of the binding strength of selected bonding systems used for fixed prosthetic works. Design/methodology/approach: Metal substructures of single-unit cement-retained crown were designed and manufactured using CAD/CAM technology. Created wax models were changed to metal substructures and settled on the abutments attached to implant replicas with a group of commonly used dental cements. The binding strength was tested on Zwick Z 100 static tensile testing machine. Findings: It was found that MaxCem is the strongest material among the tested cements which can withstand the force of 175 N. Double cured cements containing the resins may withstand very high tensile strengths which can be a problem when the crown needs to be taken off. The bonding strength of the dental cements can be influenced by the width of the film, its thickness, even distribution of the cement between the crown and the abutment and the setting time. The higher the viscosity of the cement, the lower the retention of the crown on the implant abutment. Research limitations/implications: In order to limit the designing and manufacturing errors the whole technological process should be carried out with CAD/CAM technology. The cement should be evenly distributed inside the metal cup to prevent from creation of empty spaces between the crown and the abutment. It may be necessary to design and manufacture special holders to maintain the samples in the testing machine to minimalize the risk of creation initial tensile forces. Practical implications: The research gives an insight into the possibilities of choosing the cement for bonding the crown onto the implant abutment preserving the connection between the bone and the implant in case of necessity of the removal of the crown. Originality/value: The research is focused on the binding strength of the cements most commonly used for settling the crowns on the implant abutments. It helps with clinical decision making when choosing the proper cement for these purposes.

6

Projekt stanowiska do badań wytrzymałości połączenia klejonego stosowanego w protetyce stomatologicznej

Materac A., Niesłony A.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2017

|

z. 12

57--64

PL

Połączenie klejone może zostać zniszczone pod wpływem codziennego funkcjonowania żuchwy pacjenta. Prowadzi to do rozłączenia korony zęba z łącznika implantu. Stanowisko do badań wytrzymałościowych połączenia klejonego może przynieść wiele korzyści dla badań i nauki. Wyniki badań wykonanych na stanowisku w skuteczny sposób będą mogły przyczynić się do określenia trwałości doraźnej i zmęczeniowej tego typu połączenia w implancie stomatologicznym osadzonym w szczęce pacjenta.

EN

Adhesive connection can be damage under the influence of the patient's jaw functioning, which leads to falling off the crown from the abutment. Strength testing stand for adhesive connection can bring many benefits to science and research. Such studies will greatly facilitate the estimation of fatigue life of this type of connection in the implant assembled in the jaw of the patient.

7

Porównanie metody klejenia oraz przykręcania korony zęba do łącznika implantu stomatologicznego przy pomocy analizy MES

Materac A., Niesłony A.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2016

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z. 11

95--102

PL

Istnieją dwie metody osadzania sztucznej korony zęba na łączniku. Wyróżniamy klejenie (cementowanie), które jest kosztowną metodą, ale pozostawia bardzo zadowalający efekt końcowy leczenia oraz przykręcanie korony zęba – tańsze, jednak problematyczne i pozostawia ślady lakowania na koronie. W artykule przedstawiono porównanie wytrzymałości poszczególnych połączeń przeprowadzone przy pomocy Metody Elementów Skończonych. Uproszczone modele zostały poddane sile równej 100N oraz 500N.

8

Numerical verification of two-component dental implant in the context of fatigue life for various load cases

Szajek K., Wierszycki M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 1

103--113

EN

Purpose: Dental implant designing is a complex process which considers many limitations both biological and mechanical in nature. In earlier studies, a complete procedure for improvement of two-component dental implant was proposed. However, the optimization tasks carried out required assumption on representative load case, which raised doubts on optimality for the other load cases. This paper deals with verification of the optimal design in context of fatigue life and its main goal is to answer the question if the assumed load scenario (solely horizontal occlusal load) leads to the design which is also “safe” for oblique occlussal loads regardless the angle from an implant axis. Methods: The verification is carried out with series of finite element analyses for wide spectrum of physiologically justified loads. The design of experiment methodology with full factorial technique is utilized. All computations are done in Abaqus suite. Results: The maximal Mises stress and normalized effective stress amplitude for various load cases are discussed and compared with the assumed “safe” limit (equivalent of fatigue life for 5e6 cycles). Conclusions: The obtained results proof that coronial-appical load component should be taken into consideration in the two component dental implant when fatigue life is optimized. However, its influence in the analyzed case is small and does not change the fact that the fatigue life improvement is observed for all components within whole range of analyzed loads.

9

Wykorzystanie tomografii komputerowej w obliczeniach numerycznych implantów stomatologicznych

Materac A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

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2015

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z. 105

147-150

EN

Computed tomography is one of the most popular and basic methods of imaging of bone structures and human tissue. It is also an essential tool for the virtual treatment planning. It allows to obtain the actual and realistic patient jaw model and simulate the preclinical tests.

10

Stanowisko do badań wytrzymałości połączenia klejonego stosowanego w protetyce stomatologicznej

Materac A., Niesłony A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

|

2015

|

z. 106

70

PL

W protetyce stomatologicznej najczęstszym sposobem zamocowania cyrkonowej korony zęba na stalowym łączniku implantu, stanowiącego filar pod odbudowę zęba, jest klejenie. Do tego celu najczęściej stosowane są kleje adhezyjne, które sprawdzają się w codziennej praktyce dentystycznej, ale wykruszają się w przypadkach odbiegających od normy. Celem pracy jest zaprojektowanie stanowiska badawczego, które pozwoliłoby na sprawdzenie – pod względem wytrzymałościowym – wybranego kleju w połączeniu kostki cyrkonu ze stalowym elementem i z użyciem wzbudnika elektromagnetycznego.

11

Computer-aided design and manufacturing of dental surgical guides based on cone beam computed tomography

Malara P., Dobrzański L. B.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 76, nr 2

140--149

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the own method of design and manufacturing of surgical guides on the basis of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and three-dimensional models of teeth and soft tissue obtained from impressions or intraoral optical scans, which are possible to use during surgical implant placement. Design/methodology/approach: The method of designing and manufacturing of surgical guides was developed on the basis of real clinical data coming from patients with severe bone deficit qualified for implantological treatment. The model of bone and virtual model of soft tissues were combined together. The project of the prosthetic restoration imposed on the virtual model of the bone was used to plan the position of the implants. The final surgical guide was manufactured with the use of a CNC milling machine. Findings: The method enables planning of the implant position based on two combined models of the bone and soft tissues and allows to design and manufacture a surgical guide. Thus, it becomes possible to place the implants in the bone of the patient during a surgical procedure in a preplanned position. Practical implications: Thanks to the method of designing and manufacturing of surgical guides a range of clinical tasks in preparation of the guides is restricted to registration of the intraoral situation, taking of CBCT scans of the bone and determination of the type of the prosthetic restoration. Properly made surgical guides allow to shorten the time of the surgical procedure and carry it out in a minimally invasive manner. Originality/value: This paper presents an original method of designing and manufacturing of surgical guides. This allows for precise planning of the position and the number of implants and the transfer of these data into the mouth of a patient during the surgery without the use of commercially available closed software.

12

Analysis and possibility of modifying the properties of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy via the method of the preparation for the use in a dental implant

Łukaszewicz A., Szota M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 74, nr 2

58--66

EN

Purpose: In the given paper the analysis of the Ti6Al4V alloy has been carried out, methods for manufacturing of components for use in dentistry as well as the impact on the human body have been described. Then the controversy over the possibility of modifying the properties of a final product - an implant by the use of the injection method not used so far in that field has been taken. Design/methodology/approach: Titanium alloys in dental application should be characterized by high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In the framework of the given paper the commercial methods of the production of titanium elements for biomedical applications have been analysed. Findings: In the framework of the analysis of the possibilities of changes in the properties of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, the injection method for the production of a finished product - an implant, so far not used for a commercial scale, has been proposed. Practical implications: In practice, the application of those considerations will find the representation in further researches carried out by the possibility of using the injection method to modify and improve the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the final product. An important aspect is the fact that during the modification of the manufacturing process the chemical composition of the alloy out of which the implant will be produced, will not change. Originality/value: The fact of taking the controversy over the possibility of using the injection methods for the production of dental implants, also for an industrial scale is an original aspect in that consideration.

13

Modelowanie i analiza MES implantu stomatologicznego pod odbudowę uzębienia

Kutrzuba K., Kromka-Szydek M.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2015

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z. 9

67--72

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy MES modelu żuchwy wraz z wszczepionym implantem stomatologicznym. Przeprowadzona analiza miała na celu zbadanie interakcji pomiędzy tkanką kostną żuchwy a wszczepem śródkostnym poprzez określenie rozkładu naprężeń w żuchwie i implancie, odkształceń oraz przemieszczeń występujących w obu elementach przy ich funkcjonalnym obciążaniu. Uwzględniono różne sposoby zamodelowania tkanki kostnej oraz zbadano różnice w funkcjonowaniu zespołu żuchwa – implant, wynikające z zastosowania różnych materiałów przy produkcji łącznika implantu.

EN

Finite Element Analysis was performed in ANSYS Workbench 12.1 for model of mandible with dental implant. It allowed to define stress distribution in bone and components of dental implant according to the way in which the bone was modeled. Other examined parameters were directional strain and equivalent elastic deformation. The influence of the material type used in implant components production was also checked in this work. It was found that the use of polyoxymethylene connector caused raise of equivalent stress in the implant. Tests showed that the way of bone modelling significantly affected on the results.

14

Analiza stanu naprężenia w połączeniu łącznik-korona dla korony zęba z nawisem

Materac A., Niesłony A.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

|

2015

|

z. 9

79--82

PL

W implantologii stomatologicznej często zdarza się, że indywidualny przypadek pacjenta wykracza poza przyjęte, sprawdzone metody leczenia implantacyjnego. Z taką sytuacją spotykamy się, gdy pojawia się konieczność zastosowania korony zęba z większym nawisem niż jest to powszechnie stosowane. Zbyt duży nawis prowadzi do wykruszania się kleju i odpadnięcia korony od łącznika. Analiza stanu naprężenia przy sile 100N, 200N i 500N w połączeniu łącznik-korona z nawisem ma na celu sprawdzenie wielkości naprężeń i porównanie ich z maksymalnymi wartościami dopuszczalnymi.

EN

An individual patient's case very often exceed beyond the accepted treatments for implantation in implant dentistry. It may be caused by the need of using the crown with the larger overhang than it is commonly used. This overhang leads to chipping glue and fall off the crown. The aim of stress analysis at forces of 100N, 200N and 500N in abutment-crown connection is to check the value of the stress and its influence on the strength of the implant.

15

A new approach to modelling and designing mono-block dental implants

Hunter R., Alister F., Möller J., Alister J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 22, nr 1

77-80

EN

Purpose: of this paper is present a new approach to modelling and design the low cost mono-block dental implants based on the integration of the computer aided techniques. This approach provides the automation of the design process of the mono-block dental implants. Design/methodology/approach: The approach used to develop the modelling and design of the mono-block dental implants are based on the parametrization of the main geometric features of the implants. This approach allows to generate several designs of the implant with different configurations respect to the dimensions, forms and tolerances. Findings: The findings are focused on two main topics. The first one is the minimization of the manufacturing cost and time based on the manufacture process automation. The second one is the integration, in the same informatics platform, of the design, analysis and manufacturing environment. Research limitations/implications: The implications are focused on the development of a new design of mono-block dental implants. One of the main features of this design is associated to the reduction of the surgical stage and their simplification respect to other commercial implants. Practical implications: The main outcomes and implications of this research is the design of a low cost dental implant. This solution is implemented to assist the social programs of oral health. Originality/value: The originality of this research is the design of a new model of mono-block dental implant. The structure of this implant improves the mechanical properties; reduce the manufacturing cost and the surgical complications.