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Health risk assessment resulting from the presence of Legionella bacteria in domestic hot water in public buildings – the results of a pilot study

Kmiecik Ewa, Wątor Katarzyna, Chochorek Aneta, Kołodziej Mateusz, Mika Anna, Krawiec Arkadiusz, Herzig Janusz

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

2021

Vol. 47, no. 1

41--52

The aim of the study was to assess the risk posed by Legionella bacteria in a public building in Krakow. An old building with internal installation risers of different ages, as well as draw-off points of different types, was selected for testing. Samples were collected during two campaigns. In one sample of the first series of tests, no bacteria were found. During the second series of tests, no Legionella bacilli were found in just one sample and in one sample only 4 colony-forming units were detected. At the remaining draw-off points (water taps), the bacteria count detected were greater than the maximum threshold allowed by legal regulations (admissible threshold for public utility buildings – 100 cfu/100 mL). No morphological differences were observed with respect to the occurrence of specific serogroups. In 14 samples, Legionella pneumophila serogroups 2–14 were found, while the Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was only found in one sample. The risk assessment was also carried out based on a semi-quantitative risk matrix approach and as a quantitative microbial risk assessment. The risk matrix approach was successfully implemented for the recognition of the potential risk associated with the Legionella occurrence in a water system. The calculated annual cumulative risk is high. The research shows that even if the weekly inhalation exposure dose (and therefore the calculated risk) is high, the number of Legionella pneumophila illness cases found can be equal to zero. This is probably due to the large uncertainty associated with QMRA determination. The size of the room in which the contaminated water is used also affects the possibility of infection.

Zarządzanie ryzykiem w projektach wiertniczych. Cz. 3, Ilościowa ocena ryzyka

Osikowicz R.

Inżynieria Bezwykopowa

2017

nr 3

72--80

Uzupełnieniem, a zarazem rozwinięciem analizy podstawowej, jest ilościowa ocena ryzyka QRA (Quantitative Risk Analysis). Bazuje ona na ogół na rachunku prawdopodobieństwa i statystyce matematycznej. Analiza ilościowa służy do liczbowej wyceny zarówno kosztów zajścia zdarzeń niekorzystnych, odnoszących się do pojedynczych aspektów projektu, jak też do jego całości. Analiza powinna służyć też do określenia prawdopodobieństwa osiągnięcia założonych celów projektu przy określonych kosztach operacyjnych i w przewidywanym horyzoncie czasowym.

The risk assessment can be conducted in a few steps. Initially the goals, the soil conditions, the environment and the legal and financial aspects must be analysed. Then the equipment must be selected and proper risks concerning chosen equipment need to be addressed, as well as the people responsible for the risk assessment process must be chosen. The quantitative risk assessment is performed for the assessment of the costs of the unfortunate events during the project, as well as the cost of the whole project.