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Analyses of the dynamics of changes between individual men’s events in front crawl during the XIX Olympic Games in Beijing 2008

Kucia-Czyszczoń K., Dybińska E., Bieniek P., Ambroży T.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2014

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Vol. 16, no. 1

19--27

EN

The main purpose of this study was to analyze tactical solutions used by swimmers, the finalists of the 19th Beijing Olympics in 2008, in individual front crawl events at distances of 50, 100 and 200 m. Observations were carried out on 7 swimmers, the Beijing Olympics medalists competing in front crawl individual events. Detailed analyses were run on: 1) Sports results obtained by the finalists at distances of 50, 100 and 200 m front crawl; 2) block time; 3) results of each 50 m lap time (100 and 200) called split times except 50 m front crawl (there is no split time in 50 m); and 4) the mean swimming speed (V) on individual laps of the analyzed races. To determine the correlation between the response time, the time of individual laps, and the final time of the analyzed front crawl races, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient r was obtained. As a result of detailed analyses of the test material it is believed that not only tactics for an individual race is important, but equally significant is to elaborate the strategy for the whole event and to prepare the swimmer to compete in the system of heats, semifinals and finals. However, some of the following tactical objectives can be formulated: sprinters (a distance of 50 and 100 m front crawl) should start at maximum speed, according to their abilities, and try to maintain that speed until the end of the race; middle-distance swimmers (200 m front crawl) should adopt the most optimal tactical solutions characterized by increasing speed in the second half of the distance.

2

Obiekty sportowe na XXX Igrzyska Olimpijskie w Londynie

Sochacki A.

Materiały Budowlane

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2012

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nr 7

104-106

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Górska trasa na zimową olimpiadę w Soczi

Sumara A.

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2012

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nr 4

38-40

EN

One of the major priorities determined by the host of the 2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games is to provide thousands of people, from all over the world, with well-developed transport facilities to reach every venue in Sochi in a safe and comfortable way. Approximately 370 km of roads and bridges, over 200 km of railways and 22 tunnels shall be constructed or reconstructed as a part of the development plan. Large-scale construction works have been conducted for a couple of years and the results of these actions shall have an impact on regional development.

4

Aquatics Center. XXX Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie

Januszkiewicz K.

Archivolta

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2012

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nr 3

8--27

PL

Aquatics Centre w Londynie jest obiektem mieszczącym basen pływacki (50 x 25 m) oraz wieże do skoków, a także basen treningowy. Obiekt został zaprojektowany przez Zaha Hadid Architekt i wzniesiony z okazji XXX Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich i Para-olimpijskich w 2012. Aquatics Center znajduje się na skraju tego założenia parkowego, w sąsiedztwie stadionu lekkoatletycznego i akcentuje wejście na teren Olympic Park. Metoda zastosowana w projektowaniu przekrycia Aquatics Center to form-finding. Forma jest tu wynikiem generatywnych procesów informatycznych. Gdy nie są to procesy strukturalne, to w fazie wstępnej otrzymuje się modele powierzchniowe, które nie mają jeszcze ani logiki konstrukcyjnej, ani materiałowej. Konstrukcję dachu stanowi stalowa struktura przestrzenna o swobodnej geometrii. Jej kształt jest wynikiem negocjacji między tym co zostało zaprojektowane przez architektów w przestrzeni cyfrowej a tym co można zbudować zachowując racjonalność i efektywność rozwiązań inżynierskich. Do budowy tego przekrycia zużyto 3 200 ton stali konstrukcyjnej. Za realizację tej struktury konstruktorzy z AURP otrzymali od British Constructional Steelwork Association prestiżową nagrodę Structural Steel Design Awards 2010.

EN

The London Aquatics Centre is an indoor facility with two 50-metre swimming pools and a 25-metre diving pool in Olympic Park at Stratford in London, it was one of the main venues of the 2012 Summer Olympic and the 2012 Summer Paralympics. The Aquatics Centre was designed by Zaha Hadid Archtects. The Aquatics Centre is within the Olympic Park Masterplan. Positioned on the south eastern edge of the Olympic Park with direct proximity to Stratford, a new pedestrian access to the Olympic Park via the east-west bridge (called the Stratford City Bridge) passes directly over the Centre as a primary gateway to the Park. Several smaller pedestrian bridges will also connect the site to the Olympic Park over the existing canal. The Aquatic Centre addresses the main public spaces implicit within the Olympic Park and Stratford City planning strategies: the east-west connection of the Stratford City Bridge and the continuation of the Olympic Park along the canal. The architectural concept of the London Aquatic Centre is inspired by the fluid geometries of water in motion, creating spaces and a surrounding environment that reflect the riverside landscapes of the Olympic Park. An undulating roof sweeps up from the ground as a wave - enclosing the pools of the Centre with a unifying gesture of fluidity, while also describing the volume of the swimming and diving pools. The Aquatics Centre is designed with an inherent flexibility to accommodate 17,500 spectators for the London 2012 Games in ‘Olympic’ mode while also providing the optimum spectator capacity of 2000 for use in ‘Legacy’ mode after the Games.

5

Logistyka igrzysk olimpijskich

Dudzik M.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2004

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nr 9

17-19

PL

Igrzyska są największym niemilitarnym przedsięwzięciem logistycznym na świecie. To prawdziwy test umiejętności planowania, organizowania, kontrolowania w warunkach niepewności i konieczności zapewnienia wysokiego poziomu obsługi bardzo zróżnicowanych pod każdym względem grup odbiorców: zleceniodawcy-narodowego komitetu olimpijskiego, sportowców, trenerów, widzów, przedstawicieli środków masowego przekazu. Logistyka igrzysk olimpijskich jak w soczewce skupia wszystkie rodzaje aktywności składające się na logistykę - może służyć jako dobry wzorzec ("benchmark") dla modnej ostatnio logistyki projektów czy logistyki miejskiej.

6

Przestrzeń sportu w mieście

Rzegocińska-Tyżuk B.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2004

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R. 101, z. 2-A

381--390

EN

The first Olympic Games in the 21" century will take place in 2004 in Athens, Greece - the cradle of sports - to coincide with the 110th anniversary of „reviving the idea of organizing a modern version of the ancient Olympic Games". As a result, a many thousand „sports city within city" will function in Athens. It will see about two milions of tourists. As it once used to be, the modern "sporting space" in the city has become an important functional and compositional component, as well as a factor of competition among cities and a catalyst for their growth. Thanks to the "phenomenon of sports", evry sporting space in evry city, even a small town, not only possesses a utilitarian value, but also has health, emotional and aesthetic values. What is more, it also represents a constantly increasing educational value. Contemporary sports architecture affects an exceptionally large number of people allover the world thanks to modern means of communication, and its location is the most efficient tool of promoting the city - a venue of sporting events.