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Potencjał generowania ropy i gazu dolnopaleozoicznych formacji łupkowych w świetle badań pirolizy wodnej

Więcław D., Kotarba M. J., Romanowski T.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2016

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nr 209 wyd. konferencyjne

455--458

PL

W celu wyznaczenia potencjału generowania ropy i gazu utworów syluru i ordowiku bogatych w materię organiczną (potencjalne „sweet spoty”) wykonano eksperymenty pirolizy wodnej w temperaturach 330 i 355°C w czasie 72 godz. próbek pobranych z odwiertów: B3 (landower), L-3H (landower) i L-1 (karadok) w regionie pomorskim oraz w celach porównawczych z powierzchniowych odsłonięć utworów wenloku w wąwozie Prągowiec i landoweru we wsi Bardo w Górach Świętokrzyskich. Wykonano również eksperymenty w temperaturach 380 i 400°C w czasie 72 godz. próbek z odwiertów B-1 (landower i karadok) i W-1 (landower i karadok) (region pomorski). Najwyższym potencjałem ropotwórczym (do 217,4 mg ropy/g TOC) charakteryzuje się niskodojrzała materia organiczna rozproszona w utworach landoweru w profilu odwiertu B3. Najwyższą wydajność węglowodorów gazowych (56,7 mg HC/g TOC) uzyskano z próbki B-1 (landower) podczas eksperymentu prowadzonego w warunkach 400°C/72 h.

EN

For determination of oil and gas generation potential of organic-rich Silurian and Ordovician strata (potential „sweet spots”), series of hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed at temperatures 330 and 355°C for 72 hours using core samples from: B3 (Llandovery), L-3H (Llandovery), L-1 (Caradocian) from Baltic region, and outcrop samples: Bardo (Llandovery), Prągowiec (Wenlock) in Holy Cross Mountains. High temperature experiments in 380 and 400°C for 72 hours were also performed using core samples from wells B-1 (Llandovery and Caradocian) and W-1 (Llandovery and Caradocian) containing high mature organic matter. The highest oil yield (217.4 mg/g TOC) was obtained from low-mature organic matter in B3 sample (Llandovery) in 355°C/72h. The highest gaseous hydrocarbons yield (56.7 mg HC/g TOC) was recorded for B-1 (Llandovery) sample in experiment conducted at 400°C/72 h.

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Origin of hydrocarbon gases accumulated in the Middle Cambrian reservoirs of the Polish part of the Baltic region

Kotarba M. J.

Geological Quarterly

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2010

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Vol. 54, No 2

197-204

EN

The origin of natural gases associated with oil and condensate accumulations within the Middle Cambrian sandstone reservoirs on the Polish part of the Baltic region was characterized by means of molecular analyses, stable carbon isotopes of methane, ethane and propane, and stable hydrogen isotopes of methane. Gases generated from the Upper Cambrian-Tremadocian source rock succession by hydrous pyrolysis at 330°C for 72 h was used to characterize thermogenic gas and to identify the microbial methane input in the natural gas accumulations. A insignificant component of microbial methane is only present in gases from the B3 offshore field and from two inflows in the B7-1/91 borehole. The traps within the Middle Cambrian sandstone reservoirs had already been formed and sealed between the Late Cambrian and the Early Ordovician time span when migration of microbial methane took place along the fault system. The traps were successively supplied with thermogenic gaseous hydrocarbons, condensate and oil generated from the same source organic matter of the Upper Cambrian-Tremadocian source rock succession at a successively higher maturation stage.

3

Estimation of hydrous-pyrolysis kinetic parameters for oil generation from Baltic Cambrian and Tremadocian source rocks with Type-II kerogen

Więcław D., Kotarba M. J., Lewan M. D.

Geological Quarterly

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2010

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Vol. 54, No 2

217-226

EN

Determining kinetic parameters for oil generation from a source rock by hydrous pyrolysis requires a considerable amount of sample (kilograms) and laboratory time (several weeks). In an effort to circumvent these requirements, hydrous-pyrolysis (HP) kinetic parameters for oil generation from Upper Cambrian and Tremadocian source rocks of the Baltic region are estimated by two methods: (1) organic sulfur content in kerogen and (2) HP experiments conducted at 330 and 355°C for 72 h. Estimates for the Upper Cambrian source rocks based on organic sulfur contents gave activation energies from 47 to 56 kcal/mole and frequency factors from 1.156 ' 1025>/sup> to 1.078 ' 1028 m.y.-1 . Tremadocian source rocks based on organic sulfur content gave estimated activation energies from 60 to 62 kcal/mole and frequency factors from 1.790 ' 1029 to 1.104 ' 1030 m.y.-1 . The estimates for the Tremadocian source rocks were less affected by thermal maturation because their low kerogen S/(S + C) mole fractions (< 0.018) remained essentially constant. Conversely, the higher kerogen S/(S + C) mole fractions (>>gt; 0.018) of the Upper Cambrian source rocks decreased with thermal maturation and resulted in overestimation of the kinetic parameters. The second method was designed to estimate kinetic parameters based on two HP experiments. The assumption that the maximum yield in calculating the rate constant at 330°C (k330°C could be determined by a second hydrous pyrolysis experiment at 355°C for 72 h proved not to be valid. Instead, a previously established relationship between Rock-Eval hydrogen index and maximum HP yield for Type-II kerogen was used to calculate k330°C from oil yields generated by the HP experiment at 330°C for 72 h assuming a first-order reaction. HP kinetic parameters were determined from relationships between k330°C and the HP kinetic parameters previously reported. These estimated HP kinetic parameters were in agreement with those obtained by the first method for immature samples, but underestimated the kinetic parameters for samples at higher thermal maturities. Applying these estimated HP kinetic parameters to geological heating rates of 1 and 10°C/m.y. indicated that the Upper Cambrian source rocks would generate oil notably earlier than the overlying Tremadocian source rocks. This was confirmed in part by available data from two neighboring boreholes in the Polish sector of the Baltic.