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1

Microbiological pollution of soils and surface waters of the Pokuttia-Bukovyna Carpathians

Masikevych Andrij, Masikevych Yurij, Malovanyу Myroslav S., Blyzniuk Mykola

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

91--96

EN

Based on the analysis of a number of studies, it was found that to assess the state of the environment (including surface waters and soils) it is advisable to use indicators of microbiological pollution, which in general integrally reflect the state of the ecosystem. To assess the dynamics of changes in the pollution of the studied areas, a comparison of monitoring data with the corresponding level of pollution in protected areas (Vyzhnytsia National Nature Park) was used. Research methods included soil and surface water sampling, inoculation on appropriate nutrient selective media, counting of colony forming units (CFU) and other microbiological indicators. To assess the biological activity of soils, urease activity was determined by a method generally accepted in biochemistry. It is established that within the protected areas, despite some existing annual fluctuations, the relative stability of the studied indicators of the hydrosphere is preserved. Studies have shown that soils of anthropogenically altered landscapes are characterised by a high content of sanitary-indicative bacteria. As our research shows, according to the colony forming units (CFU), total microbial count, and titer of Escherichia coli, the soils selected in the protected area of the Vyzhnytsia National Nature Park correspond to the “pure” level. The soils of the territories out of the National Nature Park are characterised by high biological capacity, as evidenced by the level of activity of the enzyme urease and the ratio of the main forms of nitrogen compounds.

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Dynamics of Changes in the Concentration of Oil Products in the Tura River within the Residential Area of the Large Oil Capital of Russia

Kryakhtunov Alexander V.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 11

223--229

EN

In the course of the study, the following tasks were solved: determining the level of oil products and their spatial distribution in surface waters and bottom sediments of the Tura River, studying the features of the accumulation of oil products in bottom sediments in different sections of the Tura River, as well as the effect of storm and melt water contaminated with oil products within the coastal boundaries on the general background of pollution, calculated by the approximation method the distance at which the maximum permissible concentration for the Tura River would be reached, gave recommendations on the preservation of the object under study. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Tyumen Industrial University. The analysis of samples for the content of oil products was carried out by the fluorometric method on a fluid analyzer “Fluorat-02–2M”. The results of the study indicate the need to monitor surface waters and toughly respond to insufficient compliance with the standards for the protection of surface waters and bottom sediments within the city of Tyumen.

3

Migration of Hazardous Components of Municipal Landfill Leachates into the Environment

Popovych Vasyl, Telak Jerzy, Telak Oksana, Malovanyy Myroslav, Yakovchuk Roman, Popovych Nataliya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 1

52--62

EN

The research on the physical and chemical properties of landfill leachates and migration of its hazardous components into hydrosphere and biosphere is a current problem in the global context. The object of the research is landscape-changing factors of the Lviv municipal landfill (Ukraine). It was defined that the largest part of oil products accumulates in the leachates at the south-western side of the landfill (23.6 mg/dm3) and it is 2.36 times higher than the value of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) (10 mg/dm3); the most saline leachates with chlorides and sulfites are those accumulating at the foot and at the northwestern side; the phosphate content of the investigated leachate samples was the highest at the foot of the landfill and amounted to 12.8 mg/dm3, which exceeds the MPC (10 mg/dm3) by 1.28 times; high concentration of ammonium nitride was discovered in the leachates at the foot (76.1 mg/dm3) and at the northwestern side (46.3 mg/dm3), which exceeds the MPC (30 mg/dm3) by 2.53 and 1.54 times, respectively; the highest indicators of total iron are typical for basins nearby (at the foot – 68.2 mg/dm3, at the northwestern side – 56.3 mg/dm3) and exceed the MPC norms (2.5 mg/dm3) by 27.28 and 22.52 times, respectively. According to certain indicators, the content of hazardous components in the leachates, which accumulate at the foot and at the northwestern side, exceeds the MPC and is several times higher than in the natural basins at the distance of 800 and 1200 m.

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Environmental history of the twentieth century. An introductory didactic course

Simeonov Vasil

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2019

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R. 24, NR 1-2

7--21

EN

The present manuscript presents the view point of the author for providing a course on environmental history for chemistry students and secondary school pupils. Special attention is paid on the societal developments in the twentieth century when the anthropogenic impacts on the environment have become especially deep and devastating. The course of lectures is focused on the environmental changes in each environmental phase (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere) as well as in the society as a whole. The process of environmental changes is illustrated by various examples from each natural system in consideration and the anthropogenic factor for each one of them is defined and discussed. The presented material is an example for organization of an environmental history course of lecture which could be subject of additional information and conclusions related to the social attitude to the problem of environmental pollution and environmental risk assessment.

5

Assessment of the Global and Regional Land Hydrosphere and Its Impact on the Balance of the Geophysical Excitation Function of Polar Motion

Wińska M., Nastula J., Kołaczek B.

Acta Geophysica

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2016

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Vol. 64, no. 1

270--292

EN

The impact of continental hydrological loading from land water, snow and ice on polar motion excitation, calculated as hydrological angular momentum (HAM), is difficult to estimate, and not as much is known about it as about atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and oceanic angular momentum (OAM). In this paper, regional hydrological excitations to polar motion are investigated using monthly terrestrial water storage data derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and from the five models of land hydrology. The results show that the areas where the variance shows large variability are similar for the different models of land hydrology and for the GRACE data. Areas which have a small amplitude on the maps make an important contribution to the global hydrological excitation function of polar motion. The comparison of geodetic residuals and global hydrological excitation functions of polar motion shows that none of the hydrological excitation has enough energy to significantly improve the agreement between the observed geodetic excitation and geophysical ones.

6

Analiza stężeń żelaza (Fe) i manganu (Mn) w odciekach i wodach kopalnianych (na przykładzie obiektów z Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego)

Molenda T.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2013

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z. 60, nr 3

69--78

PL

Eksploatacja i przeróbka węgla kamiennego prowadzi do zasadniczych zmian w rzeźbie terenu i stosunkach wodnych obszarów górniczych. Przekształcenia środowiska wodnego mają charakter wielokierunkowy i dotyczą zarówno zmian ilościowych, jak i jakości wody. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono jeden z aspektów działalności górniczej na degradację hydrosfery, jakim są zmiany jakości wód. Do badań wytypowano obiekty związane z działalnością górniczą, które negatywnie oddziałują na hydrosferę. Są to zarówno składowiska odpadów górniczych jak i sztolnie wodne. Wszystkie obiekty położone są na terenie Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego (GZW). Ze składowisk odpadów górniczych (w specyficznych układach hydrogeologicznych) mogą wypływać skoncentrowane strumienie wód odciekowych. Zjawiska takie występują najczęściej w przypadku depozycji odpadów w dolinach rzecznych. Wypływy tego typu mogą mieć stały lub okresowy charakter. Ilość odcieków uzależniona jest od wielu czynników z pośród, których najważniejsze to: wysokość odpadów oraz stopień zagęszczenia odpadów na składowisku. Odcieki charakteryzuje duża mineralizacja będąca następstwem ługowania zdeponowanych odpadów. Do badań wytypowano również stare sztolnie wodne, które do dnia dzisiejszego są aktywnym elementem drenaŜu górotworu. Ze sztolni wypływają wody kopalniane, które również cechuje podwyższona mineralizacja. Jest ona następstwem ługowania skał w starych wyrobiskach górniczych. Oprócz obiektów górniczych do badań wytypowano również naturalne źródła karbońskie, które stanowią tło hydrogeochemiczne. Wykazano, że zarówno odcieki, jak i wody kopalniane cechuje podwyższone stężenie Fe i Mn w stosunku do wód naturalnych źródeł, wytypowanych jako obiekty kontrolne. Średnie stężenie żelaza w odciekach wykazuje duże zróżnicowanie i zmienia się od 5,97 mg dm-3 do 0,45 mg dm-3. Również mangan wykazuje duże zróżnicowanie, którego średnie stęźenie zmienia się od 4,49 mg dm-3 do 1,0 mg dm-3. Dlatego też badane obiekty stanowią ognisko zanieczyszczenia hydrosfery zarówno żelazem (Fe) jak i manganem (Mn).

EN

The paper presents the impact of mining activity on the degradation of the hydrosphere, associated with changes in surface water quality. The mining objects chosen for the study are those which exert negative impact on the hydrosphere. These range from mining wastes and water tunnels. All objects are situated in Upper Industrial Silesian Region. From colliery waste tips (under special hydrologeological conditions) concentrated leachate waters can flow out. Such phenomenon most frequently occur in cases of deposition of wastes in river valleys. Outflows of this type can be of permanent or ephemeral nature. Amount of leachate is dependant from many factors including the most important height of tips and their density on the landfill area. Leachate waters are characterized by high mineralization which are results of lixiviation of deposited wastes. For studies also water tunnels chosen which still cause drainage of rocks. From water tunnels coal mine waters outflow which are characterized by high mineralization as well. It is the consequence of lixiviation of rocks in old coal mine excavations. Apart from coal mine objects also natural Carbon spring as a reference sites were selected. It has been shown that both mining waste landfills and mine water are the source of pollution of surface waters. Both leaching and mining water shows increased concentration of Fe and Mn in relation to natural water sources selected as control objects. Mean concentration of iron varied from 5.97 mg dm-3 to 0.45 mg dm-3. The manganese concentration also is varied and it ranges from 4.49 mg dm-3 to 1.0 mg dm-3. Therefore, both iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) can be considered to be good indicators of mining water pollution.

7

Prognoza zmian jakości hydrosfery w stanach awaryjnego jej skażenia

Adamski W.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2005

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Nr 3

21-22

EN

Factors limiting prognosis' accuracy. Models of water quality changes prognosis. Defining models' parameters.