The article analyses the activities within the EU and national (Sweden, Poland) concerning the introduction of hydrogen fuel in road transport. The advantages and disadvantages of this drive were addressed. A directional program of hydrogen propulsion technology motion was presented on the example of Sweden and Poland. The most recent activities in Sweden regard the so-called Nordic Hydrogen Corridor European Project. The location of basic hydrogen refuelling stations in Poland until 2030 was proposed (HIT-2-Corridors European Project). These stations should be located in both TEN-T corridors running through Poland, i.e. in 1 – Poznan, 2 – Warsaw, 3 – Bialystok, 4 – Szczecin, 5 – the Lodz region, 6 – the Tri-City region, 7 – Wroclaw, 8 – the Katowice region, 9 – Krakow, to ensure the possibility of passing vehicles equipped with fuel cells (FCEV – Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) among others between Western Europe and Scandinavia. For comparison, the article discusses FCEV development and initial hydrogen market creation in Japan. In the article is presented reasons for hydrogen society in Japan. The reasons are as follows: hydrogen is CO2 free; hydrogen can be produced from various sources, energy security – local production and consumption of energy, energy security – compensating for fluctuations in renewable energy production. In the article is presented Hydrogen/FCEV strategy Roadmap in Japan in context Hydrogen/FCEV Roadmap in China.
The article analyses activities within the world, EU and Poland in aspect electromobility and hydrogenization now and in the future. Will be presented estimates cars park of global hybrid (HEV), hybrid plug-in (PHEV) and fully electric (BEV). Changes in production volumes and number of registered types of vehicles as abovementioned are presented in a breakdown into world. The overall number of HEVs produced thus far is estimated at approx. 12.5 million and over 1.3 million in Europe. There are roughly 38 thousand HEVs registered in Poland. There were about 800.000 hybrid plug-in vehicles registered in the world in 2016. Of 3.2 million electric plug-in vehicles and BEVs used in the world in 2017 more than 1.2 million were used in China, approx. 750 thousand in the USA, 850 thousand in Europe, including c.a. 650 thousand in the EU countries. Yet, electric plug-in vehicles (BEVs and PHEVs) globally accounted for just 0.3% of the worldwide fleet of passenger cars in 2017. The article also addresses the development of the electric vehicles market and the annual new vehicle registrations. The existing situation in the field of hydrogenization motor transport in the world, in the EU and in Poland will also be analysed. This will be analysed in terms of the number of hydrogen vehicles and hydrogen refuelling stations.
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W artykule zaprezentowano wyzwania ekologiczne generowane przez rozwój motoryzacji. Opisano elektryfikację i wodoryzację transportu samochodowego, jako jeden z celów unijnej "Białej Księgi" dotyczącej transportu. Przedstawiono działania w tym zakresie na świecie i w Polsce na podstawie badań i analiz prowadzonych w ramach projektów europejskich eMAP i HIT-2-Corridors.
EN
he article presents the environmental challenges generated by the development of the automotive industry. The electrification and hydrogenization of road transport has been described as one of the goals of the EU "White Paper" on transport. The activities in this field in the world and in Poland on the basis of studies and analyzes carried out in the framework of European projects eMAP and HIT-2-Corridors.
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Zasadniczym, utylitarnym celem artykułu jest wskazanie wstępnej lokalizacji prototypowych stacji tankowania zbiorników samochodowych wodorem na wybranej sieci dróg w Polsce. Podjęte działanie ma charakter pionierski w Polsce. Obejmuje m.in. kwestie szczegółowe uwarunkowań technicznych i ekonomicznych rozwój u wodoryzacj i transportu samochodowego w Polsce.
EN
The essential objective of the paper is to identify the initial locations of the prototype hydrogen car refuelling stations along the selected road network in Poland. The study undertaken is of a pioneering character in Poland. It includes within its scope technical conditions and economic ones for development of the hydrogenization of transport in Poland.
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Przedstawiono proces szlifowania elektrochemicznego na przykładzie obróbki stopu tytanu WT3-1. Omówiono czynniki występujące w szlifowaniu elektrochemicznym oraz sposoby intensyfikacji procesu. Podano odmiany szlifowania elektrochemicznego powierzchni płaskich ściernicą o spoiwie metalowym. Zobrazowano efektywność procesu w zależności od zastosowania różnych elektrolitów oraz wstępnego nawodorowania materiału obrabianego.
EN
The process of electrochemical grinding of titanium alloys is presented. Factors present in the electrochemical grinding are discussed. Methods of intensifying the process are given. The investigation was conducted according to PS/DS-P: λ program. The experiment consisted in initial hydrogenization of titanium alloy and then electrochemical grinding of the material thus prepared. 3D grinding diagrams are presented as a function of inter-electrode voltage U and pressing force Fy. An increase in effectiveness by about 30% for samples after initial hydrogenization was achieved.
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