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PL
W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje niezbędne do skutecznego wdrażania miejskich autobusów wodorowych. Przedsięwzięcie to składa się z dwóch powiązanych z sobą części. Jedna to infrastruktura, druga to flota pojazdów wyposażonych w ogniwa paliwowe. W pierwszej części przedstawiono infrastrukturę konieczną do uruchomienia komunikacji miejskiej opartej na wodorze. Przedstawiono różne rozwiązania stacji tankowania wodoru oraz zagadnienie logistyczne związane z wdrożeniem (transport i magazynowanie). Wyróżniono stacje zintegrowane z produkcją wodoru oraz stacje, do których wodór jest dostarczany ze źródeł zewnętrznych.
EN
The cars that use fuel cells are equipped with electric motors, batteries and brake energy recovery system. Traditional engines and liquid fuel tanks in conventional vehicles are replaced with fuel cells and hydrogen tanks. Duel cells produce energy in the oxidation reaction of hydrogen, and the vehicles powered by them emit only water vapour. The article concerns the current developments and prospects of the development of technology of fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen. Achievements of the leading car companies in this respect, the expected future sales volume of cars equipped with fuel cells, expectations of lowering production costs of such vehicles (affecting their price), forecasts of the quantitative development of FCV fleet in the world, in Europe, including selected countries as well as the expected development of a network of hydrogen car refuelling stations. Rationale for the development of the road transport hydrogenization in Poland, indicating the importance of initiating the construction in our country of hydrogen refuelling stations. Expert estimates of the quantitative development of the fuel cells cars fleet by the 2030 and 2050 against the forecasts electric cars fleet development in Poland. Future demand for hydrogen fuel by the road transport, including vehicles using the road infrastructure in Poland acc. to the type of road traffic participants (passenger cars operated in Poland, cars travelling in transit or to Poland, buses) by the 2050. Future importance of the hydrogen technology development in the road transport to the economy and the protection of the natural environment from the destructive influence of the automotive industry.
EN
Taking into account the depletion of crude oil resources, as well as progressive climate changes, requires both in the short and the long term a radical restructuring of the EU’s transport system. Among the measures designed to ensure attaining objectives of transport policy there are, among the others, proposals such as: gradual phasing-out of the conventionally-powered cars from the cities by the 2050 and transferring in the same time horizon, 50% of passenger transport over medium distances and the freight one over long distances, from the roads over to other modes of transport. New technologies for vehicles and traffic management will be the key to decreasing pollutants emissions form transport. The method of estimating environmental benefits resulting from the expected development of hydrogen technology in the road transport in Poland. The results of the adopted scenario of the expert forecast by the 2050 of the development of the fleet of cars equipped with hydrogen supplied fuel cells diving along the Polish roads, forecasts of the mileages of these vehicles. Predicted consumption of petroleum originated fuels by the vehicles being replaced by electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells. Estimating the emissions of pollutants by the said car fleet. The costs not incurred, related to the air pollution by gases and dust emitted from combustion engines of cars and buses as a result of the development of hydrogen technology in Poland in the selected forecast years, calculated based on the rates in force in Poland. These costs estimated based on the indicators published by the European Commission.
PL
Przedstawiono obecny obraz zastosowań agregatów typu maszyna elektryczna - przekładnia - pędnik oraz ich przewidywany obszar zastosowania w technice wodorowej. Poruszono problemy eksploatacyjne w zastosowaniach okrętowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem silników elek-trycznych, przekładni zębatych kątowych śrub nastawnych i uszczelnień wału śrubowego. Omó-wiono zagadnienie diagnozowalności agregatów i dokonano analizy symptomów diagnostycznych w stanach ustalonych oraz nieustalonych. Poruszono problem uwzględnienia rzeczywistego obcią-żenia, przedstawiono koncepcję realizacji eksperymentu biernego i przykładowe uzyskane wyniki.
EN
The present applications of machine sets consist of electric machine - gear - propeller there are enumerated and forecast field of using them in hydrogen technology was made. Some marine exploitation problems are pointed, with special consideration to electric machines, gears, controlled pitch propellers and shaft seal. There is also pointed a problem of real machine load. The conception of making active and passive experimental researches is presented.
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