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Radiation formation of hydrogel biomaterials

Rosiak J. M.

Engineering of Biomaterials

2017

Vol. 20, no. 143 spec. iss.

One of indispensable requirements related to biomaterials is their sterility. Ionizing radiation seems to be a very convenient and useful tool to achieve that, especially in relation to polymeric components of medical devices and their packaging. However, in parallel to destruction of living microorganisms radiation treatment causes changes in physicochemical properties of irradiated materials. Both electron beam and gamma radiation used for sterilization may initiate all types of fundamental polymer reactions in biomaterials, i.e. polymerization, degradation, crosslinking, grafting, oxidation, gases formation, etc. The presence of water in irradiated systems enhances the observed changes by indirect effect of radicals formed in water at high yield. Some of such changes are undesirable from the point of view of properties of biomaterials and have to be suppressed, e.g. by introducing into composition of materials selected additives, as it is done for polypropylene syringes or UHMW polyethylene applied for total joint arthroplasty. On the other hand, such “additional” reactions during terminal sterilization of biomaterials can be utilized for achieve their final, desired properties. In the last 30 years, our research group has created a number of radiation technologies of polymeric biomaterials. Some of them have been commercialized and are used, modified and developed by other laboratories and companies all over the world, some of them still await industrial investments. The comprehensive review of such biomaterials will be presented including hydrogels dressings, hydrogel systems for induction of childbirth, hydrogel-based dietary product, hydrogel-based hybrid artificial organs, hydrogel implants for intervertebral discs, hydrogel dosimeter for radiotherapy, hydro-nanogels, degradable and/or nondegradable scaffolds for regeneration of peripheral nerve and formation of animal neural tissue in 3D, thermoresponsive surfaces for cultivation of skin cells as well as the method for preservation of biological activity of peptides undergoing radiation sterilization in aqueous solution. The developed technologies as well as the area of their applications have formed a new direction of research – radiation engineering of polymeric biomaterials – see Report for the IAEA [1].