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1

Wpływ zanieczyszczenia produktami ropopochodnymi na zmiany ściśliwości iłów mioplioceńskich z rejonu Bud Mszczonowskich w warunkach ciągłego przyrostu obciążenia

Stajszczak Piotr

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 9

447-–460

EN

The article presents the results of CRL (Constant Rate of Loading) tests on Mio-Pliocene clays contaminated with Jet A1 aviation fuel and mineral oil 15W40. The study has shown that the compressibility of fine-grained soils contaminated with hydrocarbons during a constant rate of loading tests depends on the adopted loading velocity, as well as on properties of oil contaminants and their content in the soil pores. The implemented laboratory testprogram shows that the contamination of fine-grained soils with hydrocarbons increases their compressibility. Moreover, it has been stated that the CRL test method may be recommended in the compressibility research of fine-grained soils contaminated with hydrocarbons.

2

Deformation bands - migration pathways or barriers for hydrocarbons in sedimentary rocks - mini review

Solecki Marek Leszek

Journal of Geotechnology and Energy

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2023

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Vol. 40, no. 4

15--21

EN

A mini review of the topic of deformation bands is presented in the paper. The concept of deformation bands is defined and their impact on the flow of fluids in porous sedimentary rocks is determined. Deformation bands are mm-thick low-displacement deformation zones which have intensified cohesion and lower permeability compared with ordinary fractures. This term was introduced in 1968 in material science, ten years later it appeared in the geological context. This microstructures can occur as barriers or migration pathways for hydrocarbons. Their role depends mainly on microstructural features, and they are also considered in reservoir modeling. The occurrence of deformation bands in Poland is also outlined and discussed - they have been described in Western Outer Carpathians (Magura and Silesia nappes).

3

Gases in the near-surface zone of the reclaimed Barycz municipal waste landfill – a case study from southern Poland

Kopera Paulina A., Sechman Henryk, Twaróg Anna

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 2

101--121

EN

The formation of biogas at municipal landfills and the significant emission of greenhouse gases from these facilities into the environment were the main reasons for analyzing the molecular composition of soil gas in the near-surface zone at the reclaimed part of the Barycz municipal waste landfill. The relations between the studied components (methane, carbon dioxide, light hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon components) and impact of the magnitude of recorded concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide on their emission to the atmosphere were evaluated. Two profiles were determined, along which 41 soil and landfill gas samples were taken at 20-meter intervals. At the same time, emissions were measured at each sampling point using a static chamber with a portable fluxometer. Chromatographic analysis showed that the concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide fluctuated in the ranges: 2.1 ppm – 76 vol% and 0.04 ppm – 11 vol%, respectively. Relatively high concentrations of these gases were determined at many of the measurement points, and this was particularly evident at the A-A’ profile, indicating stronger biochemical processes in this part of the landfill, or lateral migration of methane from the neighbouring stage II of the landfill, where biogas extraction is currently taking place. In addition, significant correlations between methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen were demonstrated, indicating ongoing methane fermentation processes. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the southern part of the A-A’ profile is an optimal place to locate a degassing well from which biogas production could be used. However, the research is only preliminary and, it will be necessary to extend the soil gas tests before the final decision on the location of the well is made. Moreover, it has been shown that the concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide measured at points located outside the landfill were low. This means that generated biogas probably does not migrate beyond the boundaries of reclaimed waste landfill, but this will need to be confirmed by performing additional soil gas tests inside and outside the landfill area. The preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the reclamation carried out was confirmed by the negligible values of the measured methane and carbon dioxide emissions on the surface.

4

Can microorganisms play a beneficial role in oil spill clean-up?

Zegrocka-Stendel Oliwia

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2023

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Nr 2

13--16

EN

Flourishing petroleum industry is the main cause of environmental pollution. According to the estimates, annually from 3 up to 6 million metric tons of crude oil are released into the world's water reservoirs due to oil seepage and spills. Supertanker accidents and oil rig disasters are the cause of major oil spills in the ocean, the oil slick while floating on the water surface can spread out by wind and currents to disrupt the ecosystem at long distances from the source of the spill. To limit the scale of environmental damage some oil spill clean-up techniques have been implemented, like for example skimming - physical separation of oil from water, use of sorbents such as, for example, volcanic ash and shavings of polyester-derived plastic to absorb oil hydrocarbons or application of surfactants to disperse oil plume in a water column and thus make it available for bacterial degradation. Recently, more attention is being paid to bioremediation process employing indigenous and exogenous hydrocarbon degrading bacteria to remove spilled oil fractions. This approach seems most promising and beneficial as ecosystem clean-up and recultivation method, since based on activity of naturally occurring microorganisms it is safer, more sustainable and providing diminished human impact on environment in comparison with other techniques.

PL

Rozwijający się przemysł naftowy jest główną przyczyną zanieczyszczenia środowiska. Według szacunków do światowych zbiorników wodnych trafia od 3 do 6 milionów ton ropy naftowej rocznie w wyniku wycieków. Wypadki supertankowców i katastrofy na platformach wiertniczych są przyczyną dużych wycieków ropy do oceanów. Plamy ropy unoszące się na powierzchni wody mogą rozprzestrzeniać się przez wiatr i prądy zakłócając ekosystem na duże odległości od źródła wycieku. Aby ograniczyć skalę szkód środowiskowych wdrożono techniki usuwania wycieków ropy, takie jak np. skimming - fizyczne oddzielenie ropy od wody, stosowanie sorbentów, takich jak np. popioły lub pyły wulkaniczne, lub tworzyw sztucznych na bazie poliestrów w celu sorpcji smug ropnych na powierzchni wody, a tym samym umożliwiania ich degradacji bakteryjnej. Ostatnio coraz więcej uwagi poświęca się procesowi bioremediacji z wykorzystaniem rodzimych i egzogennych bakterii rozkładających węglowodory do usuwania rozlanych frakcji ropy naftowej. Podejście to wydaje się najbardziej obiecujące i korzystne jako metody oczyszczania i rekultywacji ekosystemów ponieważ oparte są na aktywności naturalnie występujących mikroorganizmów. Techniki to są bezpieczniejsze i bardziej ekologiczne zapewniając mniejszy wpływ człowieka na środowisko w porównaniu z innymi technikami.

5

Removal of Hydrocarbons from Wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris and Observation of the Biochemical Effects on the Algae

Al-Janabi Amerah Imran Hussein, Naje Ahmed Samir

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

96--103

EN

The current study aimed to use the biological treatment (Phycoremediation) for sewage water, where the green alga Chlorella vulgaris was used in the treatment process and to improve water quality by removing some of the pollutants contained in the water, the most important of which are hydrocarbon pollutants, and to note the changes in the biochemical properties of the algae, such as the SOD enzyme and CAT enzyme and total chlorophyll before and after the treatment process. The treatment process took place between wastewater and green algae when the latter reached a stable stage to ensure its high treatment capacity and the best possible life span. Where the measurements were made for the characteristics of the treated water in addition to the biochemical measurements of the algae on the 4th and 8th day of the biological treatment. A study of the growth curve of C. vulgaris showed that the growth phase started on day 6, reached stability on day 12, then reached the death phase on day 19, and continued to decline until the death of the alga. The results of the study showed the value of what was contained in the wastewater before the treatment process, as it was as follows: total hydrocarbons (5.38 mg/l), as for the biochemical properties of algae before exposure to wastewater, they were as follows: superoxide dismutase enzyme (1.2197 U/mg), catalase enzyme (0.6023 U/mg), total chlorophyll (6.1503 mg/g). After the wastewater treatment process was completed, the high ability of green algae to remove hydrocarbon pollutants from the water was shown, at a rate of 72.3–64.5%, respectively. The results of the study showed the effect of sewage water on some physiological characteristics of algae, as it showed an increase in the activity of SOD after 4 days of treatment to reach 1.33 U/mg, while the activity decreased on the 8th day to reach 1.289 U/mg, as for the CAT enzyme It appeared in the same way as the previous enzyme, as its effectiveness increased after 4 days of treatment to reach 0.6916 U/mg, and decreased on the last day to reach 0.5476 U/mg, while with regard to the value of chlorophyll, the value of chlorophyll a decreased to reach 1.9473 mg/g in the last day, while on the contrary, the value of chlorophyll b increased to reach 4.5369 mg/g in the last day, while for total chlorophyll its value increased to reach 6.4842 mg/g in the last day.

6

Regeneration of waste hydraulic oils as a recycling method in relation to the environment

Hybská Helena, Turčániová Eszter, Krempa Martin, Timár Pavel, Štibrányi Ladislav, Rétfalvi Tamás, Mordáčová Martina

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no 4

3--10

EN

The article deals with the possibilities of regenerating operating fluids, assessing the composition of new, used, and regenerated oils by evaluating their toxicity and proposing the environmentally friendly regeneration method. The focus lies on two methods of regeneration of waste operating fluids: distillation and electrostatic cleaning. Oil samples, regenerated through these methods, were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass detection. The variance in composition among new, used, and regenerated oils depends on the method of regeneration. Properties of hydrocarbons exhibiting ecotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and other effects were identified using safety data sheets and databases like Pubchem, ChemicalBook. Analyzing HLP 46 oil (samples of new, unused, used and regenerated oil) revealed that the most toxic hydrocarbons (acetane, heptacosane, nonacosane) were absent after regeneration through electrostatic cleaning. Comparing the composition of operating fluids before and after regeneration, it was established that the most environmentally favorable regeneration method is electrostatic cleaning, which maintains the original properties of the operating fluids intended for use. Operating fluids regenerated via electrostatic cleaning contain fewer toxic hydrocarbons, making them more favorable concerning human health and the environment.

7

Evaluation of compressibility of glacial till contaminated with hydrocarbons on the basis of CRL tests results

Stajszczak Piotr

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 2

247--262

EN

The article presents the results of CRL research on glacial till contaminated with JET A1 aviation fuel and mineral oil 15W40. The conducted research has shown that the compressibility of fine grained soils contaminated with hydrocarbons during a constant rate of loading tests depends on the physical properties of the soil, properties of oil contaminants, their content in the soil pores as well as the adopted loading velocity. The implemented laboratory test program shows that the contamination of glacial till with hydrocarbons increases their compressibility. Moreover, this research shows that the CRL test method may be recommended in the compressibility research of fine grained soils contaminated with hydrocarbons.

8

Badania wpływu frakcji gazowej zatłaczanej do rurociągu podmorskiego ropy naftowej na depozycję parafinowej fazy stałej

Wójcikowski Artur, Nagy Stanisław

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2022

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R. 25, Nr 6 (281)

4-9

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wstępnych wyników symulacji, pokazujących depozycję osadów parafinowych w rurociągach podmorskich. Opisywane parametry to zmiany depozycji stałej fazy parafinowej ze strumienia przepływającej ropy naftowej rurociągiem podmorskim w układzie głowica podmorska - system przeróbczy platformy. Badania obejmują rozważania zachowania parafin w obecności wtłaczanej fazy gazowej. Autorzy proponują wykorzystanie zaobserwowanego zjawiska jako alternatywnego środka zabezpieczającego rurociągi podmorskie operujące na morzu bałtyckim. Analizy prowadzą do wniosku, że możliwą do regulacji jest grubość osadu przy wykorzystaniu innych środków niż czysto chemiczne depresanty temperatury punktu parafinowego. Zakłada się, że głównym elementem wpływającym na zmianę warunków przepływu jest zmniejszenie grubości osadu na ściankach rurociągu podmorskiego na analizowanym odcinku. Do symulacji komputerowych wykorzystano rzeczywisty skład płynu złożowego z analizy PVT złoża B3 operowanego przez LOTOS Petrobaltic S.A. Skład ten został wykorzystany w symulacjach programem Leda Flow v. 2.5 dzięki uprzejmości firmy Kongsberg.

EN

The aim of the article is presenting of the preliminary results of simulations showing new behaviour of paraffin deposits in submarine pipelines. The described parameters for changing the deposition of the solid paraffin phase with the flow of crude oil through the submarine pipeline inside the subsea system: subsea wellhead - platform processing system. The research includes considerations of the behaviour of paraffins in the presence of the injected gas phase. Author recommends using of phenomenon as an alternative way of protecting submarine pipelines operating on the Baltic Sea. This analyse informs that paraffin’ deposit would be adjusted of its thickness buy using agents other than chemical paraffin point temperature depressants. It is supposed here that main impact on paraffin deposition behaviour is decreasing of sediments thickness on the walls of the subsea pipeline in the analysed sections. The reservoir fluid composition used in the simulation was taken from B3 fluid PVT analysis owned by LOTOS Petrobaltic S.A. General composition was used in Leda Flow 2.5 computer analysis used by courtesy of Kongsberg Company.

9

Rola archeonów w biologicznym rozkładzie węglowodorów

Brzeszcz Joanna

Nafta-Gaz

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2022

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R. 78, nr 6

407--421

PL

Archeony są grupą mikroorganizmów opisanych po raz pierwszy przez Carla Woese’a w 1977 roku. Od tego czasu nastąpił duży postęp w badaniach nad tymi organizmami. Wciąż jednak pozostają one słabo poznane, gdyż przedstawicieli wielu nowo odkrytych linii filogenetycznych Archaea nie udaje się wyhodować w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Archeony stanowią istotny element mikrobioty zasiedlającej większość morskich i lądowych ekosystemów (również środowisk skrajnych) oraz pełnią ważną rolę w obiegu węgla, azotu i siarki. Drobnoustroje te występują również w miejscach zanieczyszczonych węglowodorami (np. skażone gleby, naturalne wycieki ropy naftowej i gazu), będąc zaangażowane w transformacje tych związków. Organizmy te biorą udział w przemianach tlenowych i beztlenowych, mianowicie w: (1) metanogennej degradacji węglowodorów, (2) beztlenowym utlenianiu metanu, (3) beztlenowym rozkładzie wyższych węglowodorów alifatycznych i aromatycznych oraz (4) tlenowych przemianach obu wymienionych grup substancji. W procesy te zaangażowane są odmienne grupy archeonów, jednakże głównie Euryarchaeota wykazują zdolności metaboliczne umożliwiające udział w każdym z wymienionych obszarów transformacji. Coraz większa liczba doniesień wskazuje, że najprawdopodobniej omawiany potencjał metaboliczny występuje również poza taksonem Euryarchaeota. Determinanty genetyczne związane z beztlenowym metabolizmem n-alkanów zostały wykryte w genomach przypisanych do mikroorganizmów z supertypów Asgard i TACK. Obecnie istnieje silna potrzeba, aby poszerzyć wiedzę dotyczącą archeonów zaangażowanych w biotransformacje węglowodorów; szczególna uwaga powinna zostać skierowana na mechanizmy degradacji wspomnianych związków oraz na genetyczne i enzymatyczne podstawy tych przemian. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono najnowszą wiedzę na temat archeonów biorących udział w przemianach węglowodorów.

EN

Archaea constitute a microbial group described for the first time by Carl Woese in 1977. Since then, great progress has been made with regard to understanding of Archaea; this group, however, still remains poorly known since the representatives of many novel phylogenetic, archaeal lineages cannot be cultivated under laboratory conditions. These organisms are important members of microbiota occurring in the majority of marine and terrestrial ecosystems (including extreme ones) and play a key role in global cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Archaea are also present at sites polluted with hydrocarbons (such as oil-contaminated soils, natural oil seeps, cold seeps) and are involved in hydrocarbon transformation. They take part in both aerobic and anaerobic conversions, namely: (1) methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation, (2) anaerobic methane oxidation, (3) anaerobic degradation of higher aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds, and (4) aerobic transformations of these substances. Various archaeal groups possess the necessary metabolic potential; however, mainly the microorganisms belonging to Euryarchaeota reveal the metabolic capabilities to participate in each of these four areas of transformation. The increasing number of papers indicates that this potential also occurs in taxa other than Euryarchaeota. The genetic determinants associated with anaerobic oxidation of n-alkanes were found in the genomes belonging to Asgard and TACK superphyla. There is an urgent need to expand our current knowledge of Archaea involved in hydrocarbon biotransformation, especially in the area of degradation mechanisms, genetic and enzymatic background of these conversions. The article presents a review of the recent knowledge on Archaea capable of metabolizing hydrocarbons.

10

Ecological aspects of using mixtures of canola oil with n-hexane in diesel engine

Longwic Rafał, Sander Przemysław, Tatarynow Dawid

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 3

56--60

EN

The article discusses the results of research on the use of canola oil and canola oil with the addition of n-hexane in a compression-ignition engine. An engine with a Common Rail injection system was tested in real traffic conditions on the road and on a chassis dynamometer. The tested fuels were fed to the engine by an additional fuel supply system. An analysis of the effect of the addition of n-hexane on the emission of the main components of toxic exhaust gases was carried out. The proposed solution may contribute to extending the service life of currently used compression ignition engines due to the improvement of the ecological properties of this type of drive sources.

11

Remediation of aged hydrocarbon contaminated soil by washing in fluidized bed column

Aouf Mohhamed, Dounit Salah

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 2

15--23

EN

Soil contamination with hydrocarbons represents a worldwide problem, especially for oil-rich countries. soil contamination becomes inevitable due to different accidents, aboveground spills, and leakage, threatening the fauna and flora. The purpose of this study is to remediate One-year aged contaminated soil with crude oil (23490 mg/kg) using the fluidization technique in a laboratory-scale column. Free water and surfactant solutions were used for washing at different operating conditions. The efficiency of the method was evaluated by the calculation of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal ratio. Without the addition of surfactant, the cleaning operation was not sufficiently efficient, especially at room temperature where the removal ratio was only about 18%. Raising the liquid temperature leads to some improvement where the TPH removal ratio reached 49% at 50°C. With the use of solutions containing Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) as a surfactant, an important enhancement of removal ratio was noted, along with an important reduction in operating time, washing solution volume, and energy consumption. The use of alternatively working/stopping operation mode contributes to the improvement of efficiency. TPH removal ratios up to 99% were obtained under some favorable conditions. This research shows encouraging results for expanding towards the industrial level with clean and sustainable resources.

12

Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination assessment and characterization of three quagmire soils in the Gassi El Agreb oil field (Hassi Messaoud, Algeria)

Kout Samia, Ala Abdessemed, Belahmadi Mohamed Seddik Oussama, Hassaine Amina, Bordjiba Ouahiba, Tahar Ali

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 4

3--12

EN

The aims of the current study are the physicochemical characterization, spatial assessment and monitoring of hydrocarbon contamination in quagmire of three sites (Agreb, Gassi and Zotti) in the Hassi Messaoud region (Algerian Sahara), as a result of the presence of an important oil industry rejecting industrial wastewater. Samples were obtained from three different depths for each site. Total Hydrocarbons (THC) were determined by a gravimetric method, and the four (F1:C6-C10), (F2:C10-C16), (F3:C16-C34) and F4>C34) hydrocarbon fractions and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-benzene and Xylene) were determined by using gas chromatography (FID). The results obtained show a high contamination with hydrocarbons in different sites and depths. The concentrations of THC, four hydrocarbon fraction and BTEX recorded on Agreb site in different depth were in this order: 51200–120000 mg/kg d.w.;

13

Thermodynamic analysis of combined ORC-VCR system with recuperator and reheater

Rawat Kamal Singh, Bhandari Prabhakar, Bisht Vijay Singh

Acta Innovations

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2022

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no. 44

34--44

EN

The trend of utilization of low-grade thermal energy gain huge attention due to increase in energy demand and depletion of conventional resources of energy. Low grade energy can be used in ORC-VCR cycle for refrigeration purpose. In the present work, to improve the performance a modified ORC-VCR cycle, recuperator and reheater are integrated in the cycle. The thermodynamic analysis of the modified system has been conducted with R600a, R600, R290 and R1270 as working fluids under various operating conditions viz. evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, boiler exit temperature. Different parameters evaluated to assess the performance are overall COP, mass flow rate per kW cooling capacity, expansion ratio and compression ratio. From the analysis, butane is found as a best choice for the modified ORC–VCR cycle. It was found that for the modified ORC-VCR cycle at boiler exit temperature of 90°C and condenser temperature 40°C has system COP of 0.5542 with butane, which is 7.1% and 18% higher than that of ORC-VCR cycle with recuperator and simple ORC-VCR cycle, respectively.

14

The role of the hydrocarbon transmission system towards achieving the status of energy superpower in the 21st century

Żukowska Alicja

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 110

211--220

EN

This article aims to introduce the energy policy program assumptions of the Russian Federation. An analysis led to the conclusion that the Russian Federation avails the network of hydrocarbon transmission pipelines to obtain an energy superpower status. The transformation of the energy sector is not restricted to measures aimed at increasing efficiency. It similarly plays a vital role in building the state's potential. More so, it co-creates the crucial instruments of international influence. Through building the network of pipelines, the Kremlin consistently attains its geopolitical aim of being an important player in the international arena. Ineffective endeavours to get out of the Russian domination in that area has allowed Russia to maintain its infrastructure monopoly and dominance of Russian gas on the markets of Central and Eastern Europe.

15

Estimating emissions of harmful exhaust components by aircraft engines during the takeoff and landing cycle in airport space

Głowacki Paweł, Kalina Piotr, Kawalec Michal

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2021

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Nr 2 (263)

63--70

EN

This articleexamines, based on the availableinformation and authors’ self-assessments, theenvironmental impact of turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment in the airport space during engines flight phases in the landing and takeoff cycle (LTO). The attention of aviation professionals is drawn to the fact that the amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that it may adversely change the ambient air at the airport. Consequently, increased emission level of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) during engine start-up and idle may pose a threat to the health of ramp staff. Also, high emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during takeoff, climb, cruise and descent is not without importance for the environment around the airport space. The paper gives CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission estimations based on ICAO Engine Emission Data Bank and the number of passenger operations at a medium-sized airport. It also provides calculation results of aircraft CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission using average times of aircraft maneuvers taken from aircraft Flight Data Recorder (FDR) in the LTO cycle various aircraft types at the airport. The latter, based on actual maneuvering times, lead to significantly reduced estimates of toxic exhaust gas emission volumes.

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano, w oparciu o dostępne informacje oraz ocenę autorów, wpływ gazów spalinowych z silników turbinowych na środowisko w przestrzeni wokół portu lotniczego podczas cyklu lądowania i startu (LTO) samolotów. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na fakt, że ilość spalin produkowanych przez silniki turbinowe jest na tyle znacząca, iż może niekorzystnie zmienić powietrze otaczające lotniska. Zwiększony poziom emisji tlenku węgla (CO) i węglowodorów (HC) podczas rozruchu silnika i na biegu jałowym może więc stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia pracowników obsługi naziemnej. Wysoki poziom emisji tlenków azotu (NOx) podczas startu, wznoszenia, schodzenia i kołowania również nie jest obojętny dla środowiska wokół lotniska. W artykule najpierw przedstawiono szacunki emisji CO2, HC, CO i NOx w oparciu o normy ICAO oraz liczbę operacji pasażerskich na lotnisku średniej wielkości. Następnie obliczono szacunkowe emisje CO2, HC, CO i NOx na podstawie danych pobranych z rejestratora lotu (FDR) podczas cyklu LTO różnych typów statków powietrznych na lotnisku. Te drugie obliczenia, oparte na rzeczywistych czasach manewrowych, wskazują na znacznie niższe szacunkowe emisje toksycznych gazów w obrębie portu lotniczego.

16

Zmiany właściwości filtracyjnych mieszanki gruntowej ił-piasek na skutek zanieczyszczenia produktami ropopochodnymi w aspekcie mineralnych barier izolacyjnych

Stajszczak Piotr

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 1

33--42

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the filtration coefficient of soil mixtures prepared from ice-dammed lake clays and aeolian sand. The determination of permeability coefficient made by the indirect and direct methods confirmed the influence of hydrocarbon contamination on changes in the permeability coefficient value. The implemented program of laboratory tests made it possible to propose a criterion that can be used to compare the filtration coefficient values determined by the applied research methods.

17

Hydrocarbon and aqueous inclusions in minerals : a review of analyses and interpretations for Paleozoic rocks in Poland

Jarmołowicz-Szulc Katarzyna

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 4

art. no. 56

EN

Two decades of microthermometric studies of fluid inclusions within cements of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in Poland are reviewed. The inclusions contain palaeofluids of variable composition: aqueous, brine, and hydrocarbon. They may be primary and/or secondary in origin and have one, two or more phases. They display visual fluorescence in blue, sometimes yellow to red (oil) or dull blue (one phase, methane) colours, or do not fluoresce at all. Based on the fluorescence characteristics in ultraviolet light, the inclusions' hydrocarbons infill character may be estimated. The homogenization temperatures, which correspond to the minimum estimate of the trapping temperatures in the minerals, show variability in respect to the geological history of the area studied. They point to different geological stages in relation to the basin's burial evolution. Microthermometric analyses enable wider interpretation due to the combination of studies of both hydrocarbon and aqueous inclusions. The presence of oil and/or gas in inclusions is proof of the occurrence and/or migration of oil and gas in the rocks of a region.

18

Hydrocarbon Synthesis During Methane Pyrolysis

Pavlenko Anatoliy, Klas Engvall

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 1

196--202

EN

The catalyzed conversion of acetylene to higher hydrocarbons has been studied by many researchers. The importance of these processes is determined by the fact that a successful conversion of this type will create technologies for obtaining cheap alternative synthetic fuel. Acetylene can be obtained in large quantities from coal and methane, which opens up the possibility of obtaining the specified synthetic fuel. However, the lack of an effective catalyst for continuous conversion has not allowed the development of this alternative fuel route. Features of hydrocarbon synthesis during methane pyrolysis, based on modified catalysts, are presented in the paper. It is demonstrated that production of hydrocarbons from pyrolysis gas using modified catalysts can be intensified.

PL

Katalityczna konwersja acetylenu do wyższych węglowodorów była przedmiotem badań wielu badaczy. Znaczenie tych procesów determinuje fakt, że udana konwersja tego typu pozwoli nam opracować nowe technologie pozyskiwania taniego alternatywnego paliwa syntetycznego. Acetylen można uzyskać w dużych ilościach z węgla i metanu, co otwiera możliwość uzyskania określonego paliwa syntetycznego. Jednak brak skutecznego katalizatora do ciągłej konwersji nie pozwolił na opracowanie tej alternatywnej drogi paliwowej. W artykule przedstawiono cechy syntezy węglowodorów podczas pirolizy metanu na modyfikowanych katalizatorach. Wykazano, że można zwiększyć produkcję węglowodorów z gazu pirolitycznego na modyfikowanych Со-katalizatorach.

19

Wpływ środków gaśniczych stosowanych po awariach przemysłowych na środowisko

Rakowska Joanna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2019

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T. 98, nr 9

1433--1435

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań pionowej migracji w glebie zanieczyszczeń olejem napędowym wspomaganej środkami stosowanymi do gaszenia pożarów lub likwidacji rozlewów ropopochodnych. Określono współczynniki chłonności roztworów, filtracji oraz wymycia zanieczyszczenia z gleb. Porównano także stężenia wybranych węglowodorów w glebach, w których obecne były badane środki gaśnicze. Wyniki doświadczeń porównano z wynikami symulacji numerycznej procesu przesiąkania.

EN

Samples of 3 (sandy, mountain and peat) soils (100 g) were contaminated with diesel oil and then placed sep. in pipes (diam. 50 mm) with a perforated bottom. Soil samples without impurities were similarly prepd. Then all samples were treated with H2O or an aq. soln. of a com. extinguishing agents (250 mL) to det. changes in their water retention capacity. The contents of selected polycyclic arom. hydrocarbons in soil samples were det. by mass chromatog. coupled to a mass spectrometer. Water retention in the soils significantly depended on the type of soil and the extinguishing agent used.

20

Wybrane elementy badań petrologicznych w obrębie złoża BMB

Jarmołowicz-Szulc Katarzyna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 3

161--163

EN

Based on the assumption that diversifiedfluids can be trapped in inclusions present in the rock cements of sedimentary basins, fluid inclusion studies were undertaken in the wells of the Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo oil and gas field (western Poland). Sampling was conducted in six wells, and most samples studied lie at a depth interval of 3100 to 3150 m. Methods applied in the present study stage comprised: standard petrography, microscopic analysis of fluid inclusions, fluorescence studies and some introductory microthermometric measurements. Three types of fluid inclusions were observed and studied: two-phase aqueous (brine) inclusions (non-fluorescent); two-phase oil inclusions (fluorescent); one-phase methane inclusions (non-fluorescent). These inclusions display either a primary or a secondary character. Their abundance and detailed characteristics differ depending on the type of mineral, well and depth position.