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EN
In course of over half a century the test teams of the Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery (IMP PAN) have conducted numerous performance tests of small hydropower (SHP) installations on various occasions and motivations, including updating or establishing performance characteristics of old machines, acceptance of new units, checking or optimising the cam correlation of new or refurbished double-regulated turbines, checking performance of prototype turbines under field conditions. The discharge measurement techniques have included currentmeter, pressure-time and acoustic methods. Index tests, using the Winter-Kennedy and other differential pressure methods, as well as current-meter and acoustic techniques, have been employed quite frequently to optimise the cam curves of double-regulated machines. In one case a simplified technique based solely on the power/wicket gate opening relationship was checked. This paper discusses some techniques applied when determining the absolute efficiency and optimizing cam correlations by means of absolute and index test methods. Cubic spline formulae as applied to integrate the flow velocity field in a hydrometric section are derived. Results of a discharge measurement by means of the current-meter and pressure-time method are compared as a special case study. Finally, practical recommendations addressed both to the power plant owners and the test team members are formulated.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę techniczną, budowę i zasadę działania hydraulicznego agregatu hamulcowego HAH 1, przeznaczonego do zasilania układu hamulca awaryjno-postojowego elektrycznej lokomotywy akumulatorowej. Opracowane rozwiązanie może stanowić samodzielne urządzenie zasilające. Jego budowa umożliwia zastosowanie go w podziemnych wyrobiskach zakładów górniczych, w pomieszczeniach o stopniu „a”, „b” i „c” niebezpieczeństwa wybuchu metanu oraz klasy A i B zagrożenia wybuchu pyłu węglowego.
EN
Technical characteristics, design and principle of operation of HAH 1 hydraulic braking unit, designed to feed emergency-and-parking brake of electric battery locomotive, are presented. The developed device is an independent feeding device. Its design enables to use it in underground workings of mining plants, in rooms of "a", "b" and "c" degree of methane explosion hazard and of A and B class of coal dust explosion hazard.
PL
W artykule omówiono główne problemy związane z hałasem występującym w urządzeniach hydraulicznych oraz przyczyny jego występowania. Przeprowadzona została lokalizacja źródeł hałasu na przykładzie agregatu hydraulicznego. Zastosowana została metodą pomiaru natężenia dźwięku sondą dwumikrofonową oraz kamerą akustyczną. Stworzone zostały mapy akustyczne oraz ranking poziomów mocy akustycznej dla każdej z powierzchni. Porównano wnioski uzyskane w przypadku każdej z metod dotyczące lokalizacji głównego źródła hałasu dla dwóch zakresów częstotliwości.
EN
This paper presents the main problems associated with noise emission and causes of noise in hydraulic devices. Noise source localization procedures were conducted on a hydraulic unit commonly used in industry. The noise localization measurements were conducted with use of two methods: Sound Intensity Probe measurement and an Acoustic Camera beamforming algorithm. A set of acoustic maps and acoustic photos was created. A total acoustic power level ranking was created. Results obtained in each method were compered. Main noise sources were detected and assigned to frequency rages.
EN
Petrophysical parameters such as porosity and permeability and bulk density are input data for modeling hydrocarbon flow in reservoirs with the use of Eclipse® program (Schlumberger). The modeling is preceded by preliminary works comprising division of reservoir into hydraulic (flow) units, HU, and their characterization by geometrical and geological factors. Flow Zone Index, FZI, is a factor enabling easier description of movement of media in pore space only on the basis of combination of permeability and porosity. Then, HUs are determined on the basis of FZIs. The tested gas deposit belonged to a group of typical Miocene reservoirs from the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep. In this deposit, gas accumulations are related to deltaic sediments represented by sandstone and mudstone layers of various thickness, and heterolites with claystone, mudstone and sandstone intercalations. In the case of this deposit, the wealth of laboratory data made possible credible differentiation of FZI and HU. The tested methodology can also be applied to investigations of reservoirs bearing potable, mineral and geothermal water as well as those used for storage of sequestrated carbon dioxide.
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