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PL
Omówienie współzależności między charakterystycznymi cechami wyników analizy teoretycznej a właściwościami maszyny jakimi są wysokość podnoszenia, sprawność i odporność kawitacyjna.
EN
Description of relationships between distinctive properties of theoretical study results and properties of machinery such as head, efficiency and cavitation resistance.
EN
Severe winters and sweltering summers which more and more often occur nowadays are the reason why machinery designers face many difficulties when designing devices which will be serviceable in extreme ambient conditions. Hence, defining the principles and conditions of safe operation of hydraulically driven machines and devices is essential for their designers and operators. For this reasons the author did a series of tests of hydraulic component and systems in thermal shock conditions (cooled-down components were supplied with hot working medium). The experimental tests were carried out in the laboratory of the Chair of Hydraulics and Pneumatics, Gdańsk University of Technology. They gave answer to the question how the effective clearance changes in such conditions and what parameters it depends on. Based on temperature graphs acquired from tests of heating up elements of hydraulic components it is possible to determine precisely change of clearance between cooperating elements.
EN
More and more intensive technology development makes it possible to produce modern hydraulically driven devices which secure high reliability of operation in various conditions. To design such devices, investigations are performed, including experimental tests, which are very expensive and time consuming. In the design process of a new hydraulically driven machine or system, designers frequently have to solve problems concerning its operation in different weather conditions, for instance in low ambient temperatures. Due to the complexity of the phenomena of concern, the serviceability of the designed hydraulic component or system in those conditions is most frequently assessed based on numerical calculations, much cheaper than the experiments. The article presents three methods: experimental, analytical, and that based on computer simulation, applied for assessing the serviceability of cold hydraulic components supplied with hot working medium being a source of a so-called thermal shock.
EN
Combustion processes of liquid fuels are more complicated than gases fuels ones. With reference to liquid fuels appear additionally fuel vaporization processes and e.g. with reference to solid fuels - decomposition of the solid phase with processes melting, vaporization, pyrolysis, or gasification. Those processes demand a lot of heat, go ahead slow down than processes in gas phase. The influence of the gases pressure on combustion of liquid and solid fuels, where controlling processes are processes decomposition of these phases, is more complicated and fundamentally differs from the influence of the pressure on combustion processes of gases fuels. The influence is characterized to these that pressurization decreases the intensity decomposition both the liquid phase, and solid one. In the paper assumptions to a model of the combustion process and the model of combustion processes of liquid fuels are presented. Research of the atomization process, ignition and combustion with the using of the LDV and PDPA Doppler laser-equipment and PIV are presented in the paper. Research results of the atomized fuel spray concerning droplet diameters, research result of the atomized fuel spray concerning linear and volumetric dropletlet dispersion, Rosin-Rammler dependences, and results of the analysis of the combustion rate are presented in the paper. On combustion rate of liquid fuels, the essential influence has a kind (laminar, transient and turbulent) and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer around the fuel droplet.
EN
Severe winters and sweltering summers which more and more often occur nowadays are the reason why machinery designers face many difficulties when designing devices which will be serviceable in extreme ambient conditions. Hence, defining the principles and conditions of safe operation of hydraulically driven machines and devices is essential for their designers and operators. For this reasons the author did a series of tests of hydraulic component and systems in thermal shock conditions (cooled-down component were supplied with hot working medium). In such conditions, starting parameters of the selected hydraulic component and systems which secured safety of their operation were determined. The experimental tests were carried out in the laboratory of the Chair of Hydraulics and Pneumatics, Gdańsk University of Technology.
PL
Opisano rozwój hydraulicznych maszyn gerotorowych i orbitalnych oraz wykazano ich zalety, podano podstawy konstrukcji tych maszyn obejmujące geometrię i kinematykę zazębień, wyznaczanie wydajności (chłonności) i jej pulsacji oraz przedstwiono zasady ich wytwarzania; artykuł zawiera przykłady konstrukcji maszyn gerotorowych i orbitalnych; omówiono tendencje rozwojowe w tej dziedzinie, zaprezentowano konstrukcje pompy gerotorowej z kompensacją luzów osiowych, pomp i silników gerotorowych o dużej wydajności, wolnoobrotowych silników orbitalnych z podwójnym zazębieniem cykloidalnym.
EN
Advances in and merits of the hydraulic machines of the orbit - and gerotor type.Fundamentals of the machines design, their geometry and kinematics of meshing, efficiency and pulsation, principles of constructing the machines. Examples of the design of the gerotor- and orbit-type machines. Development tendencies of these machines. Design features of a gerotor pump with compensaction of axial play, of heavy-duty gerotor pumps and engines, low speed orbit-type engines with double cycloidal meshing.
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