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1
Content available remote Hybridization of the Mediterranean Gull Ichthyeatus melanocephalus in Poland
Zagalska-Neubauer Magdalena, Chodkiewicz Tomasz, Iciek Tomasz, Neubauer Grzegorz, Zieliński Piotr
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2022
|
vol. 70, nr 4
175--184
EN
Hybridization, the interbreeding of individuals from different taxa, is usually the result of contact between closely related species. It occurs when reproductive barriers between species are not fully developed during speciation. Gulls are a classic example of hybridization in birds. However, the group of so-called “small gulls” is poorly recognized in this context. Here, we summarised data on Mediterranean gulls Ichthyeatus melanocephalus hybridization documented in Poland for the 2006–2022 period. In the mid-20th century, this species began successfully colonising many European countries, and the first documented breeding pair of Mediterranean gull was recorded in Poland in 1981. The first documented cross-breeding between a male Mediterranean gull and a female black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus was recorded in Poland in 2006. Since then, a total of 25 interspecific pairs, between Mediterranean gulls and black-headed gull or common gull Larus canus, have been observed. Interspecific pairs with black-headed gull were the most numerous (76%). However, mixed pairs – formed by one of parental species and individual of the Mediterranean gull hybrid – were the most common pair category (N = 60). Neither pairs consisting of two hybrids individuals nor of Mediterranean gulls × common gull hybrids have been recorded in the colonies. The number of Mediterranean gulls fluctuated between 50 and 100 pairs during studied period. The number of interspecific breeding pairs remained constant over a 17-year period, one to three pairs per breeding season, while the number of mixed breeding pairs has increased over time and reached maximum 9 pairs per season. Overall, there is a clear increase in the proportion of mixed and interspecific broods in relation to the number of pairs consisting of two ‘pure’ Mediterranean gulls, such pairs approached 38% in 2019.
2
Content available Biokoniugaty antybiotykow jonoforowych : cele, strategie syntezy i właściwości
Antoszczak M., Kordylas M., Huczyński A.
Wiadomości Chemiczne
|
2018
|
[Z] 72, 1-2
1--28
EN
Polyether ionophore antibiotics (ionophores) represent a large group of naturally- occurring lipophilic compounds which are able to form complexes with the metal cations and transport them across the lipid membranes. This process disturbs the intercellular Na+/K+ concentration gradient and intracellular pH, and leads to the mitochondrial damages, cell swelling, vacuolization and finally to apoptosis process. For this reason, ionophores are commonly used in veterinary medicine as the non-hormonal growth-promoting as well as coccidiostatic agents. In this group particularly interesting are monensin and salinomycin (Fig. 1) because of their proved anti-tumour activity, including efficiency against multidrug- -resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells of different origin. Improved synthetic derivatives of both polyether ionophores are thus of considerable current interest. Selective derivatization of these structures whose display multiple reactive functional groups and, in the case of salinomycin, a sensitive tricyclic spiroketal ring system is however non-trivial. Even so, semi-synthetic analogs reported to date includes i.a. selective derivatization of the carboxyl group, the three hydroxyl groups, the ketone group, the alkene, and epimerization of the characteristic tricyclic salinomycin unit (for more details see: M. Antoszczak, A. Huczyński, B. Brzezinski, Wiad. Chem., 2017, 71, 629). On the other hand, as part of the original program to develop innovatory anti- -cancer pro-drugs and prompted by the idea that cancer cells may be individually effectively killed by monensin and salinomycin, a very interesting direction of research is bioconjugation of these ionophores. In this context, our review article is focused on the possible role of hybrids of both ionophore antibiotics with other biologically active substances (natural amino acids, Cinchona alkaloids, flavonoids, nucleosides) in anti-bacterial and anti-cancer treatment, and gives an overview of their properties.
3
Content available Metody otrzymywania oraz perspektywy zastosowań barwnych układów organiczno – nieorganicznych w tworzywach sztucznych
Szadkowski B., Marzec A., Zaborski M.
Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów
|
2018
|
R. 63
76--84
PL
Środki barwiące są powszechnie stosowane w wielu gałęziach gospodarki, przede wszystkim w przemyśle tworzyw sztucznych oraz do produkcji farb i lakierów. W ostatnich latach interesującym rozwiązaniem okazało się otrzymywanie organiczno-nieorganicznych kompozytów pigmentowych łączących w sobie zalety związków organicznych (intensywna barwa, szeroka gama kolorystyczna) oraz nieorganicznych, które charakteryzują się wysoką stabilnością termiczną oraz chemiczną. W pracy omówiono główne rodzaje barwnych kompozycji hybrydowych, jak również aspekty dotyczące ich syntezy oraz charakterystyki fizykochemicznej. Ponadto, przedstawiono szeroki potencjał aplikacyjny pigmentów hybrydowych, wynikający z ich struktury oraz wysokiej odporności na działanie czynników zewnętrznych.
EN
Coloring agents are widely used in many areas of industry, primarily in the plastics technology as well as dyes and lacquers production. In recent years, an interesting industrial trend may be the preparation of an organic-inorganic pigment composites combining the advantages of organic (intense color, wide range of colors) and inorganic parts, which are characterized by high thermal stability as well as chemical resistance. The paper discusses the main types of hybrid color composites as well as aspects related to their synthesis and physicochemical characterization. In addition, wide application potential of hybrid pigments resulting from their structure and high resistance to external factors has been presented.
4
Content available remote New approach for n-hexadecane biodegradation by sol-gel entrapped bacterial cells
Chernev G., Christova N., Kabaivanova L., Nacheva L.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S
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2018
|
Vol. 25, nr 2
243--253
EN
In this study sol-gel hybrid materials in the system SiO2-chitosan (CS) - polyethylene glycol (PEG), as novel structures with potential application in bioremediation were investigated. The organic components - CS and PEG were used as structural modifiers for functionality improvement. The catabolic activity to n-hexadecane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa BN10 free and immobilized cells was estimated. The cell immobilization technique was employed to evaluate its efficiency on biodegradation and protective effect from high levels of hydrocarbons. The characteristics of obtained hybrid materials were investigated via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) analyses. The obtained results revealed that the organic part in the synthesized hybrids is important for microstructure and defined properties creation. The rate of n-hexadecane mineralization by the bacterial strain was influenced by variation in cell densities applied in the immobilization procedures. Semi-continuous processes with multiple xenobiotic supplies were carried out. The synthesized by the sol-gel method hybrid matrices proved to be suitable carriers for realizing an effective biodegradation process of n-hexadecane by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BN10. Biodegradation of 50 kg/m3 of n-hexadecane was realized by free cells. Significantly greater quantity (150 kg/m3) was mineralized for 15 active cycles by entrapped bacterial cells. Biodegradation process with gradual increase of xenobiotic concentration reaching 30 kg/m3 for 120 h was also accomplished.
5
Content available remote Impaired gonadal development in the sea trout (Salmo trutta) x Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) F1 hybrid females
Ziomek E., Dębowska M., Hliwa P., Ocalewicz K.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
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2016
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Vol. 45, No. 3
337--343
EN
Despite large karyotype differences between parental species, the hybrid progeny of the sea trout (Salmo trutta) females (2n = 80, FN = 100) and the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) males (2n = 58, FN = 74) may be viable and even fertile. As hybrids would pose threat to natural populations of parental species through backcrossing, gonadal development in the sea trout × Atlantic salmon hybrids has been studied in the present work. Moreover, cytogenetic investigation was performed to identify any changes in the number and structure of chromosomes that may affect gonadal differentiation and gamete production in the hybrid progeny. Eight males, two intersex individuals and one female were described among the two-year-old hybrids. Some of the hybrid males were already spermiating during the study. Predominance of the testicular component in the gonads was observed in both intersex individuals. Prevalence of males and the presence of intersex individuals together with only one female may suggest disturbances in the gonadal development only in females. Homogeneity of the chromosome number (69) and the chromosome arm number (87) in the hybrid individuals analyzed in this study suggests that unpaired chromosomes disturbed the development of ovaries but not testes.
6
Content available remote Metal/Composite Hybrids for Lightweight Applications
Osiecki T., Gerstenberger C., Hackert A., Czech A., Nossol P., Łagoda T., Niesłony A., Kroll L.
Machine Dynamics Research
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2015
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Vol. 39, No. 4
117-123
EN
Increasing mechanical, economic and environmental requirements lead to multi material designs, wherein different classes of materials and manufacturing processes are merged to realize lightweight components with a high level of functional integration. Due to the good specific characteristics and its suitability for mass production, the use of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics in conjunction with isotropic materials, such as steel or aluminum, offers advantages for lightweight components. Therefore, the aim of the present article was the development of innovative hybrid laminates with low residual stresses, made of steel sheets/foils and thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6. Mechanical properties were examined in three point bending tests to obtain the Young's modulus as well as the flexural stress and flexural strain of the novel material.
7
Content available remote Star-shaped poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] and its derivatives: toward new properties and applications
Plamper F. A., Synatschke Ch. V., Majewski A. P., Schmalz A., Schmalz H., Müller A. H. E.
Polimery
|
2014
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T. 59, nr 1
66--73
EN
The versatility of polymer and hybrid systems containing the polycation PDMAEMA, especially in the star-shaped topology, is reviewed. Different complexation schemes are addressed, including the use of stimuli-responsive counterions. This leads to the use of PDMAEMA stars for nucleotide transfection or advanced hydrogel formulations.
PL
Artykuł stanowi przegląd literaturowy dotyczący właściwości i zastosowania poli(metakrylanu 2-dimetyloaminoetylu) (PDMAEMA) i jego pochodnych. Przedstawiono wszechstronność bazowego polimeru oraz układów hybrydowych zawierających polikation PDMAEMA, zwłaszcza o gwieździstej topologii. Omówiono możliwości wykorzystania wrażliwości polimeru na zmiany temperatury i pH roztworu, a także różne schematy kompleksowania z udziałem przeciwjonów reagujących na wspomniane bodźce. Gwieździste pochodne PDMAEMA mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w terapii genowej do transfekcji nukleotydów, jak również do wytwarzania zaawansowanych preparatów hydrożelowych.
8
Content available remote Distribution of Crataegus (Rosaceae) along a gradient of anthropogenic influence
Oklejewicz K., Chwastek E., Szewczyk M., Bobiec A., Mitka J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2013
|
Vol. 61, nr 4
683--691
EN
The impact of land use intensity on the taxonomic composition of hawthorns in four regions of south-eastern Poland was investigated. As a result of different human settlement histories, two of the regions are 54–64% forested nowadays, and the remaining two regions are 70–78% transformed into arable land. Numerical analysis and Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that the purely geographical component of the species distribution, linked with the land use intensity, was statistically significant (1.97%, P = 0.002), as well the pure site component (1.17%, P = 0.010). The human-induced opening of the landscape promotes Crataegus monogyna. Forests are occupied by C. laevigata, C. rhipidiphylla, C. rhipidophylla Gand. var. lindmanii and the hybrid C. × macrocarpa (C. rhipidophylla × C. laevigata); on forest edges the hybrid C. × media (C. monogyna × C. laevigata) tends to occur. Crataegus × subsphaericea (C. monogyna × C. rhipidophylla) is rare and tends to occur in thickets, and a triple hybrid C. monogyna × C. rhipidophylla × C. laevigata colonizes recently abandoned fields. Hybridization seems to be an efficient evolutionary strategy of hawthorns in the face of human-induced transformations of the landscape.
9
Content available Aspekty ekologiczne jako stymulatory sprzedaży samochodów
Zagajewska K., Hasiuk A.
Management Systems in Production Engineering
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2011
|
nr 3 (3)
16-21
PL
W publikacji podjęto próbę wykazania związku pomiędzy działaniami mającymi na celu ograniczenie zanieczyszczeń środowiska, powstałych przy produkcji, eksploatacji i gospodarką odpadów a popytem na samochody, które identyfikuje się jako ekologiczne.
EN
In following paper we`d like to highlight connection between operations leading to reduce environmental pollutions in processes of production, exploitation, waste management and market demand for cars identified as ecological.
10
Content available remote Replacement of species in wood ant colonies artificially established on islands in southern Finland
Czechowski W., Vepsalainen K.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2010
|
Vol. 58, nr 4
793-799
EN
Wood ants, i.e. species of the subgenus Formica s. str., are known to be temporary social parasites of ants of the subgenus Serviformica For. However, not only Serviformica colonies are used by young wood ant queens to start their own colonies. They are also able to take over colonies, at least queenless ones, of related species of the subgenus Formica s. str. This study followed five experimental colonies of wood ants - three of hybrid Formica aquilonia x F. polyctena, one of F. aquilonia-like form, and one of F. polyctena - artificially planted on islands of the Tvńrminne archipelago, S Finland. After some years, the species identity of all colonies was F. polyctena, i.e. four of them had been taken over by heterospecific queens, whose offspring gradually replaced the old workers. These findings, together with already documented existence of hybrids in wood ants, partly explain the interspecific and intracolonial, until recently unaccountable, variability in wood ants of the Formica rufa group, frequently observed in southern Finland.
11
Content available Eco-ethological characteristics of two natural hybrids of Abramis brama (L.) from the River Meuse basin
Nzau Matondo B., Ovidio M., Poncin P., Philippart J. C.
Environmental Biotechnology
|
2010
|
Vol. 6, No. 2
42-52
EN
Eco-ethology as expressed in migration patterns, abundance level, growth rates in river conditions, and reproductive behaviour in a controlled environment were investigated in natural common bream x roach and common bream x silver bream hybrids. From 2001 to 2003, hybrids and parental species were captured in a fish pass trap at the Lixhe dam on the Belgian Meuse river during their reproductive migration. The fish pass was checked 3 days a week and the water temperature was recorded hourly. The results showed that hybrids were less frequent but they had migrated during the same period and in the same environmental conditions as the parental species. Scale readings showed that the growth of hybrids was intermediate to the two parent species growth. In reproductive experiments between hybrids under controlled conditions, the female hybrid mated with one to two hybrid males. In reproductive experiments with hybrids mixed with parental species males, the female hybrid mated with male hybrid and male roach or male silver bream, but not with the male common bream. The succession of spawning episodes in hybrids were those recognised in parental species. Aggressive and territorial acts were observed among the males of these hybrids in a territory including a spawning substrate. This study has proven that the natural hybrids are eco-ethologically viable.
12
Content available remote Hybrydy - nowe elementy w strukturze miast
Palej M.
Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura
|
2010
|
R. 107, z. 6-A/2
57-64
PL
We współczesnych koncepcjach, odnoszących się do kształtowania środowiska miejskiego, coraz częściej spotkać się można z różnorodnością oraz zestawianiem funkcji, technologii, i materiałów w sposób daleki od utartych norm i przyzwyczajeń. Znakiem nowych czasów staje się hybrydyzacja. W niniejszym artykule omówionych będzie kilka typów hybryd o różnej skali i charakterze elementów składowych. Zaprezentowane też zostaną wybrane przykłady zrealizowanych obiektów, wyróżniających się nie tylko nową estetyką i zrywaniem z dotychczasowymi kanonami budowy tkanki miejskiej, ale też cechujących się wrażliwością ekologiczną i poszukiwaniem oszczędności w mieście.
EN
In contemporary architectural and urban concepts, we often encounter diversity, multiplication of elements and arrangements of functions, technologies and materials which stray off widespread norms, types and habits. Hybridization is becoming a sign of the new times. The following article defines individual types of hybrids differing in the scale and character of their constitutive elements and the manner of mixing them. It also discusses selected examples of implemented hybrid objects and complexes characterized by new aesthetics, breaking with previous conventions of shaping an urban environment and distinguished by ecological sensitivity and a search for economy in the city of every description.
13
Content available Właściwości geometryczne i masowe rdzeni kolb wybranych mieszańców kukurydzy
Molendowski F.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
|
2006
|
R. 10, nr 4(79)
15-20
PL
Określenie cech geometrycznych i gęstości rdzeni kolb kukurydzy ma znaczenie dla projektowania technologii zbioru i pozbiorowej obróbki kolb kukurydzy. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań cech geometrycznych i gęstości rdzeni kolb nowo wyhodowanych mieszańców kukurydzy. Zastosowany do wyników badań test Tukey'a wykazał istotne zróżnicowanie wartości badanych cech fizycznych rdzeni pomiędzy nowo wyhodowanymi mieszańcami kukurydzy.
EN
The knowledge of the geometrical properties and mass density of corn cob pith is also importante in the designing and performance of harvesting and processing machines. The objectives of this study were to characterizing the values of geometrical properties and mass density cob pith for new plant raising corn hybrids. The data obtained in the tests were analyzed statistically using Tukey's test and were concluded, the investigated properties are significantly affected by new plant raising corn hybrids.
14
Content available Odporność na ściskanie ziarniaków wybranych mieszańców kukurydzy
Molendowski F.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
|
2006
|
R. 10, nr 4(79)
7-14
PL
Wiedza na temat związku pomiędzy odpornością na ściskanie ziarniaka a odmianą mieszańca kukurydzy jest szczególnie ważna dla projektowania procesów zbioru kukurydzy i parametrów pracy maszyn. Wyniki przeprowadzonego testu Tukey'a wykazały statystycznie istotne różnice wartości odporności na ściskanie ziarniaka wzdłuż jego głównych osi u mieszańca kukurydzy Oleńka, Prosna i Rota. U pozostałych mieszańców, nie zawsze stwierdzono wpływ kierunku ściskania na wartości odporności na ściskanie. Uzyskane wyniki badań potwierdziły istotne zróżnicowanie wartości odporności na ściskanie ziarniaka pomiędzy badanymi mieszańcami kukurydzy.
EN
The paper presents characterizing of influence of corn variety and strength along axis the thickness, width and length of grain on the values of compressive strength for corn grain under static longitudinal stress between parallel flat plates. The data obtained in the tests were analyzed statististically using Tukey's test and were fond to be investigated properties significantly affected by corn variety. Between the hybrids Blask and Aurica differences of mean value compressive strength along axis the length were 3,01 MPa to 8,04 MPa. Strength along axis the thickness, width and length of grain on the values of compressive strength is influenced for hybrids Oleńka, Prosna and Rota. Residual investigated hybrids are not owls significantly affected by strength along axis the thickness, width and length.
15
Content available Microsatellite DNA polymorphism in sturgeon species and their hybrids reared in Polish aquaculture farms
Fopp-Bayat D., Luczynski M.
Environmental Biotechnology
|
2006
|
Vol. 2, No. 1
11-19
EN
Highly variable microsatellite DNA loci show high levels of variation per locus and provide molecular markers for species and for populations of small effective size. In this study we applied microsatellite markers to identify specimens belonging to several sturgeon species and their interspecific hybrids. Nine microsatellite loci (Afu-19, Afu-22, Afu-34, Afu-39, Afu-54, Afu-57, Afu-58, Afu-68, Afu-69) were analysed for five species (beluga, Siberian sturgeon, Russian sturgeon, sterlet and paddlefish) and for their three interspecific hybrids: Siberian sturgeon x Russian sturgeon, beluga x sterlet (called bester) and for beluga x bester. Certain alleles at five loci: Afu-22, Afu-39, Afu-54, Afu-57 and Afu-68 were diagnostic for the examined sturgeon species and their interspecific hybrids.
16
Content available remote Thermal decomposition of silica-methyltrimethoxysilane hybrid glasses studied by mass spectrometry
Nocuń M., Gajerski R., Siwulski S.
Optica Applicata
|
2005
|
Vol. 35, nr 4
901-906
EN
Organically modified silicates (hybrid glasses) have attracted much attention in recent years because they are considered to be promising materials with easy tailorable new properties. The structure of hybrid glass is a silica network with incorporated organic particles or chains. A sol-gel process is a convenient method for preparing bulk glasses, as well as films and layers. The main advantage of the sol-gel technique is high homogeneity and purity of synthesised material. The sol-gel is the only method giving possibility to introduce organic molecules into the inorganic network on the molecular level. Incorporated organic molecules influence mechanical, optical and thermal properties of the silica network. Series of glasses with different amount of methyltrimethoxysilane have been prepared and characterised. Thermal decomposition of methyl modified silica hybrid glasses have been studied by DTA, FTIR and mass spectrometry.
17
Content available remote Electrodepositon of hybrid layers
Nocuń M.
Optica Applicata
|
2005
|
Vol. 35, nr 4
881-886
EN
Hybrid sols based on TEOS-OCTMO (tetraethylorthosilicate-octyltrimethoxysilane) and TEOS-TEOT-OCTMO (tetraethylorthosilicate-tetraethylorthotitanate-octyltrimethoxysilane) were prepared by sol-gel method. The sols were electrodeposited on the steel substrates under different electric field strength. Microstructure of the layers was analysed by a scanning electron microscope and infrared spectroscopy methods. Impedance spectroscopy was applied to evaluate tightness of the layers.
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