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PL
Tematem opracowania jest analiza potencjalnego wpływu powszechnej implementacji hybrydowego modelu pracy biurowej na środowisko naturalne. Obejmuje ona między innymi symulacje oszczędności zużycia energii i paliw, a także potencjalnego wstrzymania realizacji nowych obiektów biurowych, pod warunkiem wprowadzenia w Polsce powszechnego systemu pracy hybrydowej dla pracowników sektora usług.
EN
The subject of this study is an analysis of the potential environmental impact of the widespread implementation of a hybrid office working model. It includes, among other things, simulations of energy and fuel consumption savings, as well as the potential halt in the construction of new office buildings, conditional on the introduction of a universal hybrid working system for service sector employees in Poland.
EN
Article focuses on the problem of copyright protection of spatial data used to create and perform multimedia works. Multimedia are hybrid works because they are constructed from two main layers (audiovisual work and computer program) but should be treated as one product according to the copyright. Thus spatial data included inside such a works have to be protected within them as a one product. Video games were chosen as an example of multimedia (hybrid) works. First chapter shows crucial role of (mostly) artificial spatial data in the creation and usage of video games. Spatial data describe game environment’s location of every (audio)visual object but are encoded in, and used by computer program to perform video game properly. As such spatial data are one of the reason for treating video game as unified product, consisting amalgamation of its elements. Because spatial data are binder of the video game both layers, they should not be subject of separated copyright protection. Thus to protect spatial data included in video game, the video game itself needs to be protected properly. However, because video games are hybrid works, they legal nature is not determined yet. There is also no legal definition or specific copyright regulation for video games. Because of this legal loophole, different doctrinal concepts together with European Court of Justice judgements, on the video game’s copyright protection, were analyzed. This was analyzed in chapter two. Conclusions consist statement that lack of video games legal nature’s determination, and caused by this lack of specific copyright protection of video games may lead to not enough copyright protection of the video game as a whole product as well as spatial data included inside. Specific regulation instead of casuistic judgements is needed, for ensure the video games market grows.
EN
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the challenges faced by HR departments in the hybrid work system. In particular new tasks set for HR departments in the conditions of hybrid work organization and competencies necessary for HR professionals to effectively deal with new tasks and challenges caused by the hybrid work settings were analyzed. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review of world literature was carried out using the following databases: Proquest, EBSCO, Emerald, JSTOR, Science Direct and BAZEKON. The results were supplemented with conclusions from two research conducted by the author on samples of over 100 companies operating in Poland. Findings: A list of tasks anticipated for HR departments as a result of the introduction of a hybrid work system was created. A set of competences necessary for the effective performance of tasks was also proposed. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of research is a very short research time span and large differences in the specificity of companies making it difficult to propose a universal model for each company. Originality/value: The paper presents list of tasks and set of competences necessary in new conditions created by the introduction of hybrid working systems. It can be valuable for researchers and practicians.
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