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1

Resource-Saving Measures to Improve Soil Fertility and Increase Plant Productivity Through the Use of Straw

Gamayunova Valentina, Кhonenko Lubov, Kovalenko Oleg, Baklanova Tetiana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

324--332

EN

Highly productive soils in Ukraine have been losing their main quality indicators in the last decade. This is due to the violation of basic agricultural laws, particularly in the selection of agricultural crops in crop rotation, climate change, and other negative manifestations. Successful farming in the South Steppe zone of Ukraine significantly depends on moisture conditions, specifically the amount of precipitation during plant vegetation and initial moisture reserves during sowing. The first limiting factor for crop yields in arid regions is moisture. Depleted and compacted soils are unable to accumulate and retain it. Under such conditions, it is necessary to develop new approaches and implement the previously developed technological measures that would contribute to increasing the productivity of agricultural crops while preserving soil fertility. This involves enriching soils with organic matter, which structures them as well as increases their water absorption and retention capacity. In the absence of manure in the fields, it is advisable to use post-harvest residues of all crops and straw. These are the most resource-efficient and environmentally friendly measures. It has been determined that incorporating straw into the soil can increase the yield and quality of agricultural crops, as demonstrated in the cultivation of sorghum.

2

The effect of pollutants on the content of nutrients in soil

Pukish Arsen V., Sydorenko Olha I., Mandryk Oleh M., Korobeinykova Yaroslava S., Tuts Oleh M.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 4

266--277

EN

Soil degradation occurs as a result of the ingress and accumulation of excessive amount of pollutants in the soil. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the complex effect of soil contamination (concentration of petroleum products, toxic salts, dense residue, sodium ions, sulfate ions, magnesium ions, calcium, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions) on the content of nutrients (alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus). A detailed analysis of scientific papers has been carried out, based on which the main scientific tasks solved in the article have been formulated. It has been established that soil-salt processes are insufficiently studied and are the object of scientific research in recent years. At the first stage of research, sampling was carried out and the content of nutrients and pollutants in the soil was determined. Determination of element concentrations was performed by collecting soil samples and their subsequent laboratory testing. At the second stage, a correlation-regression analysis of the obtained data was performed and multiple linear regressions were established. The interaction of substances in the soil was determined by analyzing the obtained multiple linear regressions. Two types of soils were studied: with chloride and with sulfate type of salinization. For soils with chloride type of salinity, dependences have been established for the content of humus, alkaline nitrogen and potassium, while in case of phosphorus multiple linear regression does not exist. For soils with sulfate type of salinization, multiple linear regression dependences of concentrations of alkaline nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium have been determined. It is established that the complex influence of the studied elements is decisive. No regression dependence was found for the humus content, which indicates that the concentration of the studied elements has almost no effect on the humus content in the soil. Comparison of the obtained multiple linear regressions with the results of laboratory studies showed a good correlation between these data series. The obtained regularities of pollutant and nutrient interactions in soils are expected in future to enable creation of scientific bases for development of new methods of desalination of soils polluted by formation waters as well as for planning effective reclamation actions.

PL

W wyniku wnikania i gromadzenia się w glebie nadmiernych ilości zanieczyszczeń następuje degradacja gleby. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań teoretycznych i eksperymentalnych złożonego wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleby (stężenie produktów naftowych, toksycznych soli, gęstego osadu, siarczanow, jonów sodu, magnezu, wapnia, chlorków, wodorowęglanów), na zawartość składników pokarmowych (hydrolizowanego alkalicznie azotu, fosforu, potasu, humusu). Przeprowadzona została szczegółowa analiza prac naukowych, na podstawie której sformułowano główne zadania badawcze rozwiązane w artykule. Stwierdzono, że procesy glebowo-solne zbadane są w stopniu niedostatecznym i stanowią one przedmiot badań naukowych w ostatnich latach. W pierwszym etapie badań pobrano próbki i wyznaczono zawartość składników pokarmowych i zanieczyszczeń w glebie. Wyznaczenia stężeń pierwiastków dokonano poprzez pobranie próbek gleb i ich późniejsze badania laboratoryjne. W drugim etapie wykonano analizę korelacyjno-regresyjną uzyskanych danych i ustalono wielokrotne regresje liniowe. Oddziaływanie substancji w glebie określono poprzez analizę otrzymanych wielokrotnych regresji liniowych. Badano dwa rodzaje gleb: o zasoleniu chlorkowym i siarczanowym. Dla gleb o zasoleniu chlorkowym ustalono zależności w odniesieniu do zawartośći humusu, azotu hydrolizowanego alkalicznie i potasu, natomiast dla fosforu regresja liniowa wielokrotna nie wystapiła. Dla gleb o zasoleniu siarczanowym wyznaczono zależności wielokrotnej regresji liniowej stężeń azotu alkalicznego, fosforu, potasu. Ustalono, że decydujące znaczenie ma kompleksowe oddziaływanie badanych pierwiastków. Dla zawartości humusu nie stwierdzono zależności regresji, co wskazuje, że stężenie badanych pierwiastków prawie nie wpływa na zawartość humusu w glebie. Porównanie uzyskanych wielokrotnych regresji liniowych z wynikami badań laboratoryjnych wykazało dobrą korelację między tymi seriami danych. Uzyskane prawidłowości oddziaływania zanieczyszczeń i składników pokarmowych w glebach pozwolą w przyszłości stworzyć naukowe podstawy rozwoju nowych metod odsalania gleb zanieczyszczonych wodami złożowymi, jak również planować efektywne prowadzenie prac rekultywacyjnych.

3

Study of Microbiological Processes in the Soil of a Two-Year Fallow

Malynovska Iryna, Tkachenko Mycola, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Ptashnik Mykhailo, Ivanovs Semjons

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

309--316

EN

A high degree of ploughing the soils is a destabilization factor of agrolandscapes and intensification of the erosion processes. Therefore, there arises a need to study the direction of the soil processes during the transfer of the arable land into a state of fallow. The state of microbiocenosis of a two-year-old abandoned land (fallow) was investigated using the gray forest soil in the variants of spontaneous overgrowth, sowing of grass mixtures and sowing of grass mixtures with simultaneous optimization of mineral nutrition of the phytocenosis as an example. It has been established that the least stable microbiocenosis is formed during the cultivation of the grass mixtures, which is characterized by the minimum total number of microorganisms (647.1 million CFU•g–1 of absolutely dry soil) and the minimum number of significant relations between the constituents (components) of the microbial community (98). The total number of microorganisms in the microbiocenosis of the spontaneous overgrowth variant and the legume-grass mixture exceeds that of the cereal grass mixture variant by 6.29 and 34.8%, respectively. A similar indicator for the total number of significant relations was 4.08%. Application of mineral fertilizers intensifies the process of mineralization of nitrogen compounds and slows down the consumption of the soil organic matter in the variants of sudden recovery of phytocenosis and cultivation of the legume-cereal grass mixture. The soil of the variant of the grass mixture is characterized by minimum total biological activity; it is 1.33 and 33.2% lesser than the total biological activity of the variants of spontaneous overgrowth and cultivation of the legume-grass mixture.

4

Study of the Qualitative State of Podzolized Black Soil in Short-Term Crop Rotations

Hryhoriv Yaroslava, Karbivska Uliana, Turak Oleg, Chernevyi Yurii, Oliinyk Vasyl, Koliadzhyn Ihor, Savchyn Andrii, Dmytryk Pavlo, Gniezdilova Victoria, Asanishvili Nadiia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

98--104

EN

Presented work long-term experiment research (2012–2022 in ongoing experiment) on podzolized black soil to study the effectiveness of the use of organic (manure, non-marketable part of the crop, siderate) and mineral fertilizing systems in short term crop rotation were presented. The positive influence impact of the use of organic fertilizers and non-marketable part of the crop on stabilizing the amount of humus, increasing the reserves of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, exchangeable mobile phosphorus and potassium forms compounds in the soil was established. Changes in the nutrient regime and agrochemical properties of podzolized black soil under different saturation of crop rotations with cultivated crops, grain crops and leguminous plants were shown. A significant impact on the agrochemical characteristics of the soil in short-term crop rotations under crops of both the organicmineral fertilizer system and its predecessors was proven. It was established that the use of organic-mineral fertilizers (traditional organic-mineral fertilizer system) in crop rotation provides an increase in the content of nutrients in both arable and subarable layers of the soil, promotes an increase in the amount of crop residues, and, accordingly, harvest residues helps to increase the amount of crop residues, and provides a positive balance of nutrients under crops in crop rotation. The research materials are of practical importance for the implementation of nutrition optimization systems in short term crop rotations aimed at both sustainable increase of crop yields as well as maintenance and restoration of soil fertility.

5

Agroecological assessment of agricultural soils fertility in the Iglinsky region, the Russian Federation

Kiseleva Anna, Asylbaev Ilgiz, Mirsayapov Ramil, Kurmasheva Nadezhda

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

200--205

EN

The article provides an assessment of soil fertility indicators of agricultural lands in the northern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan within the Iglinsky region (Russian Federation). The content of humus, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, the thickness of the humus horizon, granulometric composition, morphological properties and soil washout were studied. It was revealed that the soil-forming process occurs on rocks of different ages and genesis, such as diluvial carbonate and carbonate-free clays and heavy loams, limestone eluvium, sandstone eluvium and alluvial deposits, which determine the diversity of the soil cover. In the study area, water erosion processes are developing, influenced by anthropogenic and natural factors such as planar and linear washout on slopes with a steepness of more than 2-3° and high ploughing of agricultural land. In terms of humus content, low-humus and medium-humus soils are widespread, accounting for 45.5 and 40%, respectively. The soil map was corrected and digitised to identify the main types and subtypes of soils, indicating the varieties at a scale of 1: 25,000. Digitised maps, taking into account the current state of soil fertility, are used to develop projects for inter-farm and intra-farm land management of organisations of the agro-industrial complex, state cadastral valuation of agricultural land, determination of land tax and development of measures to improve soil fertility.

6

Influence of Cultivation Technology on the Productivity of Spring Wheat and the Humus State of Southern Carbonate Soils of Northern Kazakhstan

Kunanbayev K., Churkina G., Filonov V., Utebayev M., Rukavitsina I.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

49--58

EN

Intensive use of the chernozem soils of Northern Kazakhstan since the development of virgin lands has led to soil erosion and loss of humus. Since 1954, according to researchers, 1.2 bln tons of organic matter have been irretrievably lost. During this period, the methods of tillage have changed significantly from surface to subsurface tillage, which led to a change in the method of accumulation of organic residues in the soil. The purpose of this study was the short-term monitoring of spring wheat cultivation technologies to observe their influence on crop productivity and soil agrocenosis. A virgin plot was used as a standard of soil fertility. Determination of nutrients in the soil was carried out by using the method of "wet chemistry" with spectrophotometric termination. An infrared analyzer was used to assess the grain quality. The identification of soil microorganisms was carried out on nutrient microbiological media, such as meat-and-peptone agar, starch-and-ammonia agar, and Czapek-Dox agar. The results of three-year studies showed that the humus content in the variants with permanent wheat decreased to 3.26–3.38%. The greatest decrease in humus content was observed in the two-field grain and fallow crop rotation (2.48%). The decrease in the amount of humus occurred as a result of insufficient intake of plant residues and mineral fertilizers. The content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in virgin soil is low. Soil micromycetes dominate on virgin lands, whereas ammonifiers and immobilizers dominate on cultivated soils. The high level of carbon dioxide emissions on virgin land (3.0 C2 kg/ha/hour) is due to the presence of a large amount of plant biomass. The most optimal variant out the considered technological backgrounds from the point of view of increasing yields up to 15.8 c/ha and preserving soil fertility (3.26% humus content) is the cultivation of permanent wheat with the introduction of fertilizers and herbicides. The use of two-field grain and fallow crop rotation leads to irreplaceable losses of organic matter (2.48%).

7

Dynamics of The Humus Content Under Different Chernozem Treatment Conditions

Bulgakov Volodymyr, Gadzalo Iaroslav, Adamchuk Valerii, Demydenko Olexander, Velichko Volodymyr, Nowak Janusz, Ivanovs Semjons

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 6

118--128

EN

The humus content in the soil is the most important factor affecting the yield of agricultural crops. The research of the impact of the soil cultivation methods upon the humus content is an urgent scientific and practical task of modern agriculture. This paper analyzed long-term (45 years) field experiments on the impact of ploughing, deep and shallow non-moldboard tillage upon the humus content in the chernozem soil of central Ukraine. The research materials reflect a broad picture of influence of the processing methods upon the accumulation of total humus. For example, with respect to ploughing with deep non-mouldboard cultivation, accumulation of the total humus in the 40th year of research, was +0.0028%; with shallow non-mouldboard cultivation it was +0.0005%.

8

Analysis of the State and Assessment of Possible Ways of Preservation of Soil Fertility During its Mechanical Treatment

Bulgakov Volodymyr, Gadzalo Iaroslav, Ivanovs Semjons, Adamchuk Valerii, Kaminskyi Viktor, Nadykto Volodymyr, Nowak Janusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

128--136

EN

The issues of soil fertility preservation are relevant in all countries of the world. Concrete actions, technological and organisational solutions allowing to overcome this complex and continuous phenomenon by using exclusively agroengineering approaches are proposed. The preservation of the structure of agricultural soils requires urgent adoption of technological and organisational decisions in the following areas: maximum limitation of immobilisation of nitrogen in the soil after introduction of organic residues into the soil; development of technological methods and tools for the soil cultivation, aimed at loosening the surface layer of the soil with a minimum area of its contact with the airborne environment; improvement of the fundamentals of aggregation of agricultural machines, taking into account the maximum permissible slipping of wheeled energy facilities at the level of 15%, and a conceptual approach to their ballasting with respect to the requirements of the tire ecophilicity; application of a soil structure indicator when determining the ploughing frequency by means of ploughs with skimmers or their twotier analogs; wide practical application of the controlled traffic farming system; adoption of a legislative document on specific conformity of the land users for the level of soil fertility for agricultural purposes.

9

Valorisation of sewage sludge humic compounds in the aspect of its application in natural environment

Jakubus Monika, Bakinowska Ewa, Tobiašová Erika

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 47, nr 1

67--83

EN

The valorization of sewage sludge (SS) has been presented originating from four wastewaters treated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the Wielkopolska province. In the SS samples collected in two successive years, the quantity and quality of humic substances (HSs), fulvic and humic acids (FAs, HAs), amounts of organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), labile carbon (CL), and water extracted organic carbon (WEOC) were determined. It was investigated how the defined parameters depend on the size of the installation and select those which in a routine SS analysis facilitate rapid assessment of their quality and suitability for application in the natural environment. Regardless of WWTP size and the year of analysis, SS was characterized by a significant share of easily decomposable compounds such as FAs and WEOC. The statistical analysis showed significant usefulness of CL, FAs, and HAs in the evaluation of SS quality and usability.

10

Comparison of packing media on stratified EPS and their role in the biofilm of trickling biofilter

Dong Bei, Zheng Jie, Wen Yi-Zheng, Lei Xian-Yan, Zhang Qian, Cao De-Ju

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 47, nr 3

25--36

EN

The research focused on such packing media as ceramsite, polypropylene balls, and elastic fillers, and analyzed the main characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in their filter biofilms. The EPS were categorized as soluble EPS (S-EPS) and bound EPS (B-EPS). The component characteristics of stratified EPS were investigated via UV-Vis spectroscopy and a three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM). The results showed that the EPS content of ceramsite biofilm was 245.2 mg/g VSS, which was higher than those of elastic filler material and polypropylene ball by 1.26 and 1.51 times, respectively. The protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) ratio of EPS in the ceramsite filter material was highest in S-EPS and B-EPS, indicating that the EPS have a stable structure. More than 67.58% of EPS formed by ceramsite was tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), which was beneficial to maintaining the stability of biofilms. The levels of proteins (PN) and humic substances formed by ceramsite contained in the TB-EPS were higher than those of elastic filter material and polypropylene balls. 3D-EEM fluorescence spectra revealed that TB-EPS formed by a ceramsite contained high concentrations of tryptophan, tyrosine, and humic substances. The dehydrogenase activity of biofilm formed by ceramsite filler was higher than that formed by elastic fillers and polypropylene balls.

11

Soil and Eco-Economic Substantiation of the Need for Switching to the Adaptive-Landscape Systems of Agriculture in the Krasnodar Krai

Barsukova Galina Nikolayevna, Bershitskiy Yuriy Iosifovich, Vlasenko Valery Petrovich, Bagmut Alexey Alexandrovich, Rysmyatov Alexander Zakirovich

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 4

94--102

EN

The climatic, soil, ecological and economic features of the natural landscapes in the Krasnodar Krai were analyzed. The land structure of cultivated land in Western Ciscaucasia was given; the current state of soils in the Krasnodar Krai was analyzed. The changes in the content of humus in the arable layer over the century were considered. The qualitative state of agricultural lands, such as the susceptibility to erosion, the content of humus, and indicators of the nutrients balance in the soil was shown. A conclusion the existing zonal agriculture systems do not use the landscape diversity of the region was drawn. The need for switching to the adaptive landscape system of agriculture was substantiated. Using the GIS technologies, the boundaries of the natural landscapes in the Krasnodar Krai and the areas of agricultural land was determined by types and the degree of the manifestation of erosion processes. An eco-economic assessment of the field crop rotations adapted to the natural landscape by cultivated lands was made.

12

Water-salt regime in the meliorated soils of the Shirvan Plain and their influence on agricultural plants productivity (Ujar Support Station)

Mustafaev Farid M., Mustafaev Mustafa G.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2019

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Vol. 8 Nr 2

9-15

EN

The article provides detailed information about the studies conducted on saline and alkaline soils of the Shirvan Steppe. It is revealed that the soils of the studied territory are saline and solonetz in a weak and medium degree.

PL

Artykuł zawiera szczegółowe informacje o badaniach przeprowadzonych na glebach solnych i alkalicznych stepu Shirvan. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że gleby badanego terytorium są solankowe, a ich zasolenie występuje w słabym i średnim stopniu.

13

Zastosowanie geosyntetyków w budowie i zabezpieczaniu niektórych obiektów budowlanych. Część II. Analiza porównawcza kosztów ponoszonych w trakcie wykonywania konstrukcji budowlanych przeznaczonych do wzmacniania i zabezpieczania nasypów oraz skarp z użyciem geosyntetyków

Gruszka I., Podżorski M.

Przegląd Włókienniczy - Włókno, Odzież, Skóra

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2017

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nr 1

29--33

EN

In the second part of the article presents a comparative analysis of the costs incurred in the performance of building structures designed to strengthen and protect embankments and slopes with geosynthetics with similar constructions carried out according to traditional solutions using tar paper and clay.

14

Zastosowanie geosyntetyków w budowie i zabezpieczaniu niektórych obiektów budowlanych. Część I: Zastosowanie geosyntetyków w budowie i zabezpieczaniu nasypów i skarp

Gruszka I.

Przegląd Włókienniczy - Włókno, Odzież, Skóra

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2015

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nr 11

27--33

EN

The article presents the possibility of using geosynthetics for construction and protection of some buildings in the form of embankments and land. It has been found that the best materials useful for reinforcing embankments are geotextile, geogrids, the cellular geogrids, while in the case of steep slopes for greening are useful geomats and biomats. In the second part of the article will be presented comparative economic analysis of the costs in-curred in the performance of building structures designed to strengthen and protect embank-ments and slopes with geosynthetics with similar constructions carried out according to traditional solutions using tar paper and clay.

15

Jak racjonalnie zagospodarować włókniste odpady naturalne?

Wojtysiak J., Kaniszewski S.

Przegląd Włókienniczy - Włókno, Odzież, Skóra

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2015

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nr 11

33--36

EN

Presented below is the natural fibrous waste, which so far has not been fully utilized in agricultural techniques, with inherent physicochemical properties ideal for processing into a new kind of fibrous organic plant soil improvers, friendly for water and soil ecosystems. Detailed below are types of fibrous waste, which properties and technical equipment directly relate to product specific processing.

16

Bioenergetical appraisal of the technology of jerusalem artichokes growing at different systems of fertilization in western forest and steppe regions of Ukraine

Lopushniak V., Sloboda P.

ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes

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2014

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Vol. 3, No 4

29--33

EN

The article suggests a bioenergetical analysis of energy content in humus of grey forest soil depending on its fractionally grouped structure. It presents culculations of energetic efficiency of applying mineral, organic and organically – mineral systems of fertilizing jerusalem artichokes, in particular with including multifunctional preparation of phylazonit. The research determines efficiency of applying agrocenosis of the gross energetic resource .

17

Human inducet decrease of humus content in soils of steppe landscapes (Kirovograd region, Ukraine)

Gelevera O., Topolnyi S.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2013

|

nr 20

105--113

EN

The dynamics of humus in soils of Kirovograd province, Ukraine from 1882 till 2010 is analyzed. During the last 130 years the content of organic matter in soils of studied area decreased from 5.5 to 4.1 percent. Dehumification of the soils is caused mainly by anthropogenic factor. In order to increase the humus content in soils change of the proportion of types of tillage, use of scientifically based structure acreage and crop rotation, cultivation of more perennial grasses and reforestation of slopes are recommended.

PL

Region Kirowogradcki położony w obrębie Ukrainy Centralnej cechuje się występowaniem żyznych czarnoziemów. Przeanalizowano zmiany zawartości humusu w glebach regionu za okres od 1882 po 2010 rok. Ustalono, że jego ilość w glebie (uśredniona – z różnych miejsc regionu) w przeciągu ostatnich 130 lat zmniejszyła sie z 5,5 do 4.1%. Autorka analizuje przyczyny obniżenia zawartości humusu w glebach regionu oraz jego skutki.

18

Vermicomposting of biodegradable waste

Červená K., Barabášová T., Kučerová R.

Logistyka

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2013

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nr 4

EN

The paper deals with utilization of biodegradable waste by means of vermicomposting. Biowaste, as a component of municipal waste, does not often get separated for further use. This way it ends up on landfills,which has many negative effects not only on the environment. The composition of biowaste may vary according to its origin. Vermicompost is formed through processing of the composted materials by earthworms, as a product of their metabolism. The material obtained through vermicomposting is characteristic of a higher degree of transformation of the organic matter than in the case of common compost. Research in our workplace also focuses on processing certain problematic wastes, of e.g. sewage sludge, by means of vermicomposting.

19

Wpływ wielkości nawożenia na bilans NPK i próchnicy w glebie w wybranych technologiach produkcji roślinnej

Konieczna A.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2013

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R. 17, nr 3, t. 1

139--148

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy wpływu wielkości nawożenia mineralnego i naturalnego w różnych technologiach upraw na bilans NPK i próchnicy w glebie. Badania przeprowadzono dla upraw gatunków roślin, które potencjalnie mogą zostać wykorzystywane do produkcji bioenergii. Dane zaczerpnięto z kart technologicznych z wybranych ankietowanych gospodarstw rolniczych. Zbadano 8 technologii upraw zróżnicowanych pod względem łącznej ilości dawek azotu, fosforu i potasu w zastosowanych nawozach mineralnych i naturalnych. Za pomocą – opracowanego w zakresie i dla potrzeb badań – programu komputerowego obliczono bilans NPK oraz próchnicy w środowisku glebowym, w zależności od gatunku rośliny i jej zapotrzebowania pokarmowego, rodzaju gleby oraz wysokości osiągniętego plonu. Spośród przeanalizowanych technologii upraw, największe ubytki w ilości badanych pierwiastków (NPK) odnotowano dla uprawy buraka cukrowego (tech. 2W). Wynosiły one odpowiednio: azotu 157,00 kg·ha-1, fosforu 93,00 kg·ha-1, potasu 385,00 kg·ha-1 1. Uprawa prowadzona w tej technologii zubożyła glebę w próchnicę o 1,54 t·ha-1. Wysokie, dodatnie wartości bilansu otrzymano dla uprawy żyta na zielonkę (tech. 3M). Zawartość azotu w glebie wzrosła o 202,60 kg·ha-1, fosforu o 235,20 kg·ha-1, potasu o 154,20 kg·ha-1. Obliczenia wykazały - również w przypadku tej technologii – przyrost na najwyższym poziomie w ilości próchnicy o 4,38 t·ha-1. Na postawie wyników można stwierdzić, że w przypadku tych technologii należałoby skorygować dawki i rodzaj zastosowanych nawozów.

EN

The paper presents results of analysis of the size of mineral and natural fertilization in various cultivation technologies on NPK and humus in soil balance. The research was carried out for cultivation of plant species, which may be possibly used for production of bio-energy. Data was collected form operation sheet of the selected surveyed agricultural farms. 8 technologies of cultivations, varied on account of total number of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium doses in the applied mineral and natural fertilizers were investigated. With the use of the computer programme, developed within the scope and for the research need, NPK and soil humus balance were developed in relation to plants species and its nutrition demand, soil type and the amount of the obtained crop, was calculated. From among the analysed cultivation technologies, the biggest losses in the amount of the researched elements (NPK) were reported for sugar beet cultivation (tech. 2W). They were respectively: nitrogen 157.00 kg·ha-1, phosphorus 93.00 kg·ha-1, potassium 385.00 kg·ha-1. Cultivation carried out in this technology depleted soil in humus by 1.54 t·ha-1. High, positive values of the balance were obtained for cultivation of rye for green forage (tech. 3M). Content of nitrogen in soil decreased by 202.60 kg·ha-1, phosphorus by 235.20 kg·ha-1, potassium by 154.20 kg·ha-1. Calculations proved - also in case of this technology, - increase in the amount of humus at the highest level by 4.38 t·ha-1. Based on results, one may state that in case of these technologies, doses and type of the applied fertilizers should be verified.

20

Diagnosis of the Content of Selected Heavy Metals in the Soils of the Pałuki Region Against their Enzymatic Activity

Lemanowicz Joanna, Bartkowiak A.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2013

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Vol. 39, no. 3

23--32

EN

The paper presents the research results for the soils sampled from the area located in the eastern part of the Chodzieskie Lakes, between the Middle Noteć River Valley and the Wełna River Valley, the right tributary of the Warta River. The research involved 7 soil samples from the surface horizons, allocated to the cultivation of various plant species (cereals and vegetable crops). The following were determined in the soil material: the content of phytoavailable forms of selected heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Fe and Mn, active and available to plants phosphorus against the activity of selected oxydo-reduction and hydrolytic enzymes. The soil under the vegetable crops showed a very high richness in phosphorus available to plants, which must have been related to an intensive fertilisation. There were identified relatively low contents of the available forms of the heavy metals investigated, the fact that points to their natural content in soil, which triggered the inhibition of neither the oxydo-reduction nor hydrolytic enzymes.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań gleb pobranych z terenu leżącego we wschodniej części Pojezierza Chodzieskiego, znajdującego się pomiędzy Doliną Środkowej Noteci, a doliną Wełny, prawego dopływu Warty. Badaniom poddano 7 próbek glebowych pobranych z poziomów powierzchniowych, przeznaczonych pod uprawę różnych gatunków roślin (zboża i warzywa). W materiale glebowym oznaczono zawartość fi todostępnych form wybranych metali ciężkich Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Fe i Mn, aktywnego oraz przyswajalnego dla roślin fosforu na tle aktywności wybranych enzymów oksydoredukcyjnych i hydrolitycznych. Badana gleba spod roślin warzywnych charakteryzowała się bardzo wysoką zasobnością w fosfor przyswajalny dla roślin, co miało związek najprawdopodobniej z intensywnym nawożeniem. stwierdzono. Stwierdzono stosunkowo niskie zawartości form przyswajalnych badanych metali ciężkich, co świadczy o naturalnej ich zawartości w glebie, która nie spowodowała inhibicji badanych enzymów oksydoredukcyjnych jak i hydrolitycznych