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Habitat factors accompanying the mass appearance of nuisance, invasive and alien algal species Gonyostomum semen (Ehr.) Diesing in humic lakes of Eastern Poland

Pęczuła W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 3

535--543

EN

Mass occurrence of nuisance algal species Gonyostomum semen is observed in European humic lakes since 1970s, initially in the Scandinavian countries, then in eastern, central and western part of the continent. In 2002 mass appearances of this flagellate were found in three of 12 investigated humic lakes situated in the Eastern Poland. Lakes with Gonyostomum were situated within small geographical area. The biomass of algae was usually higher than 1 mg dm-3 and during summer its distribution was frequently uneven with higher values found in deeper layers. Based on this research we conclude, that G. semen during its spreading on the new area had preferred 6–8 m deep and small lakes with thermal and oxygen stratification as well as with low calcium content, slightly acidic to slightly alkaline pH and moderate color of water.

2

Dystrophy or eutrophy: phytoplankton and physicochemical parameters in the functioning of humic lakes

Poniewozik M., Wojciechowska W., Solis M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.2

22-29

EN

The studies were carried out in six humic lakes (Polesie Region, Eastern Poland) in order to present a role of phytoplankton in relation to physical and chemical parameters characteristic of particular processes. On the basis of physical and chemical properties of waters (SD, colour, pH, EC, Ca2+, DIC, DOC), these lakes are divided into three groups: dystrophic (Lakes Orchowe and Płotycze), humoeutrophic (Lakes Brudzieniec and Pereszpa) and mesoeutrophic (Lakes Moszne and Długie). The occurrence of dystrophication, humoeutrophication or eutrophication processes is clearly reflected in the phytoplankton composition and its abundance, as well as its biomass. In both dystrophic and humoeutrophic lakes, flagellates dominated in the phytoplankton. Among them, the invasive species Gonyostomum semen was very abundant. Mesoeutrophic lakes were characterized by other phytoplankton composition, mainly by non-flagellate species (green algae).

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The structure of phosphorus compounds in mid-forest humic lakes

Joniak T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.2

105-112

EN

This study presents the vertical distribution of phosphorus fractions in three postglacial midforest humic lakes: oligohumic, mesohumic, and polyhumic. Total phosphorus concentrations were similar in these humic lakes (mean 76 μg l^-1 P). The greatest share of phosphorus was in mineral fractions, while a lesser share was in organic, especially soluble, fractions. Concentrations of mineral forms (phosphates and polyphosphates) were the lowest at the time of maximum development of phytoplankton, especially of bacterioplankton near the bottom of the oligohumic lake. An exceptionally high participation of soluble polyphosphates was found in the polyhumiclake near the surface.

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Diel dynamics of vertical changes of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll in small humic lakes

Joniak T., Klimaszyk P., Kraska M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.3

103-111

EN

The diel variability of algal and bacterial chlorophyll and the physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, transparency) in the vertical profile of three mid-forest humic lakes in Drawa National Park (northwest Poland) were analyzed in summer. The euphotic zone consisted of the smaller part of the water column in poly- and mesohumic lakes but almost the whole water column of the oligohumic lake. The 24-hour dynamics of chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll d+e in poly- and mesohumic lake was significantly smaller than that in the polyhumic lake. The maximum concentrations of chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll d+e were observed near the bottom border or below the euphotic zone in waters with oxygen deficits and containing sulfur hydrogen. The main producers of chlorophyll in meso- and oligohumic lake were green anaerobic sulphuric bacteria.

5

Autotrophic versus heterotrophic production and components of trophic chain in humic lakes : The role of microbial communities

Jasser I., Kostrzewska-Szlakowska I., Ejsmont-Karabin J., Kalinowska K., Węgleńska T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 3

423-439

EN

The ratio and rates of autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways of organic matter cycles constitute the basic functions of aquatic ecosystem and humic lakes are unique in this respect. The autotrophic and heterotrophic production, the food web structure and the role of microbial communities in three humic lakes (area 1.3-9.2 ha) were studied. The abundance of bacteria, autotrophic picoplankton (APP), nanoflagellates (NF), ciliates, phytoplankton, rotifer and crustacean zooplankton as well as chlorophyll a and primary ([^14]C method) and bacterial production ([^3]H-thymidine method) were measured. The lakes differed in humic matter content, water colour, pH and hydrology. Two lakes were acidic (pH 5.2-4.9) with different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content: oligo/mesohumic - 7.1 mg C L[^-1] , and polyhumic lake - 21 mg C L[^-1]. Due to draining of surrounding meadows, the third lake - formerly humic - experienced changes in the hydrological regime together with liming and fertilisation. Despite low DOC, the oligohumic lake resembled a low productive, typically humic, acidic lake with dominating bacterial production. The lake was characterised by the highest crustaceans biomass and very variable chlorophyll a concentration (between 1.5 and 71 mg Chl a m[^-3]). The polyhumic lake had the highest mean and maximal chlorophyll a content but the lowest crustacean biomass, and functioned more like a eutrophic lake. The formerly humic lake had lost probably most of its humic features and experienced a eutrophication process that resulted in a food web structure typical of a shallow eutrophic pond-like environment. The mean chlorophyll a concentration there was at the same level as in an oligohumic lake, but the variability was much lower. This lake can be considered as an example of the posthumic lakes abundant in the managed wetland regions. Microbial communities were numerous in both humic lakes, with bacteria prevailing in microbial biomass in the oligo-humic and APP in the polyhumic lake. In the former humic lake the microbial communities, especially APP, seemed to play a lesser role, while the whole planktonic food web was more balanced. The results demonstrated that uncontrolled drainage and reclamation of wetland can be detrimental to biodiversity of small, mid-forest lakes. Although biodiversity in almost all plankton groups was the highest in the posthumic lake but this lake lacked rare species typical of humic acidic lakes like: Gonyostomum semen, Dictyosphaerium sphagnale from phytoplankton or Holopedium gibberum from crustacean zooplankton. Instead eurytopic species, common in eutrophic waters, were present.

6

Seasonal variations of dominant phytoplankton in humic forest lakes

Joniak T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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Vol. 36, No.2

49-59

EN

This work presents the community composition, abundance and seasonal dominance of phytoplankton taxa in three hydrochemically different, mid-forest humic lakes. The largest number of taxa was observed in the oligohumic lake (76), with smaller numbers seen in the mesohumic (42) and polyhumic lakes (37), which were characterized by higher contents of dissolved humic substances carbon (DHSC). Along an increasing gradient of DHSC in a pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) the autotrophic algae were seen to disappear, being replaced by taxa with features of facultative heterotrophs and flagellated algae that are able to move in the water column.

7

Role of humic substances in the determination of Sphagnum denticulatum Brid. and Myriphyllum spicatum L. habitat conditions

Szmeja J., Bazydło E., Uruska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2001

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Vol. 49, nr 2

101-113

EN

The effect of dissolved humic substances (DHS), derived from drained raised bogs, on Sphagnum denticulatum Brid. and Myriophyllum spicatum L. habitats was studied in 13 lakes in the Pomeranian Lakeland (NW Poland). The sites selected for study included D. denticulatum habitats in softwater oligo-, meso- and polyhumic lakes and M. spicatum habitats in hardwater oligo- and mesohumic lakes. Taken into account were the sediment, water in the sediment, and the water layer immediately above the sediment within the population areas of both submerged-plant species. Samples of sediment and water in the sediment were taken from the plant root system in the near-shore, central and deepest zones of the population areas. As a result of the introduction of humic substances into lakes, their water became yellow to darkbrown, light intensity decreased and population areas were shifted towards the shore. With the rising concentration of humic substances the near-sediment water of S. denticulatum habitats was gradually losing its acidity and becoming richer ininorganic (mineral) nutrients. The ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids in the sediments changed noticeably. The proportion of fulvic acids in the humic substances (HS) concentration gradient in the sediment gradually increased. In M. spicatum habitats, where the HS concentration was increasingly high, the near-sediment water also became richer and richer in mineral nutrients, but its pH remained unchanged.

8

Ciliates in small humic lakes (Masurian lakeland, Poland) : relationship to acidity and trophic parameters

Kalinowska K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 3

169-183

EN

Ciliate communities of 16 midforest humic lakes (Masurian Lakeland, Poland) were examined in relation to abiotic (pH, calcium, conductivity) and trophic (chlorophyll a, total phosphorus) parameters. Studies were carried out in pelagial and littoral zones twice a year: in spring and summer 1997. In most lakes Oligotrichida, mainly representing of the genera Strombidium, Strobilidium, Halteria and Prostomatidia (Urotricha, Coleps) dominated. Densities of the community varied from 0,1 to 25.0 ind. ml^-1 and from 0.04 to 33.4 ind. ml^-1 in pelagial and littoral, respectively. Ciliate abundance was not dependent on trophic parameters, but there were correlations between ciliate abundance and abiotic parameters (pH, calcium and conductivity), though different in spring and summer.