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1

Effects of Humic Acid Extracted from Organic Waste Composts on Turnip Culture (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) in a Sandy Soil

Aylaj Mina, Sisouane Mhammed, Tahiri Soufiane, Mouchrif Yassine, El Krati Mohammed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 7

345--359

EN

Adding humic acid to soil can improve soil structure and fertility, which can lead to better plant growth and higher crop yields. Extracting humic acid from compost is a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to obtain a valuable organic material. Humic acid (HA) can be extracted from compost relatively easily and at a low cost, making it an attractive option for farmers. In this study, we investigated the use of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and immature horse manure (IHM) as bulking agents for the composting of separated municipal solid waste (SMSW) and the extraction and characterization of humic acid from the mature composts produced. Fertilizing solutions containing different concentrations of humic acid were prepared and used to evaluate their effects on turnip crop growth and various biochemical parameters during cultivation. The results showed that the humic acid extracted from the composts had high yields and were rich in elemental carbon. The application of humic acid at both low and high concentrations resulted in a significant improvement in all the parameters measured except for the total protein in the roots, which did not differ significantly between the humic acid concentrations. The yield, root diameter and fresh weight increased significantly, and the leaf area was proportional to the humic acid concentration of the solution used. The highest increase in chlorophyll a content was observed in the treatment of humic acid extracted from composts C2 and C3 at a concentration of 0.1 gL-1, with an increase of 31% and 37%, respectively, compared to the control. The use of humic acid provided by co-compost can be considered a successful management strategy for degraded sandy soils and sustainable agriculture production in sandy poor soils worldwide.

2

Effect of Seeding Rate and the Spraying with Licorice Extract in Oil Percentage and Active Ingredients of Caraway (Carum Carvi L.)

Hassan Ahmed Yassin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

140--150

EN

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of three levels of seeding rate (4.7 and 10 kg•h-1) and three concentrations of licorice extract (0.3 and 6 g•L-1) the data were analyzed statistically by using a factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed that the seeding rate 7 kg•h-1 gave a significant increase in seeds yield, volatile oil yield, and limonene ratio, which were 1162.6 kg•h-1, 25.6 kg•h-1, and 30.41%, respectively. In turn, seeding rate 4 kg•h-1 gave a higher average of the volatile oil percent and carvone percent, which were 2.3 % and 67.27%, respectively. The results also revealed that spraying of licorice extract with 3 g•L-1 gave significantly influenced in seeds yield and volatile oil yield which were (1016.6 and 23.3 kg•h-1) respectively, whereas the spraying of licorice extract with 6 g•L-1 gave the highest ratio of carvone and limonene which were 29.71% and 67.54% respectively. The interaction between the seeding rate of 7 kg•h-1 and licorice extract with 3 g•L-1 had a significant effect on seeds yield and volatile oil yield, which amounted to (1234.2 and 28.4 kg•h-1), respectively.

3

Eco-Friendly Principles on the Extraction of Humic Acids Intensification from Biosubstrates

Malyushevskaya Antonina, Koszelnik Piotr, Yushchishina Anna, Mitryasova Olena, Mats Andrii, Gruca-Rokosz Renata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

317--327

EN

It is necessary to find innovative ways to improve the environmental performance of production processes and products. The technology of extracting valuable components from raw materials of plant origin is often used in technological processes of the food, pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries. Extraction is the most energy intensive step. The factors contributing to the extraction of humic acids from plant substrates under the action of electric discharge were studied. The purpose of the work was to study the efficiency of humic acids extraction from the biosubstrate under the action of electric discharges. The physical experiment showed that the main factor influencing the intensity of extraction is the degree of grinding of the solid phase of the biosubstrate-water suspension. The efficiency of electric discharge grinding depends on the pressure amplitude at the distance of the inner radius of the chamber and the number of discharge pulses. It was established that the number of chemical reagents (alkalis), usually used in the process of extracting humic acids from peat, can be reduced many times due to the appearance of radicals and peroxide compounds in the peat-water suspension resulting from the action of an electric discharge. The prospects of the non-thermal electric discharge method of intensification of the extraction of humic acids from biosubstrates were determined.

4

Ability of Humic Acid in the Absorption of Heavy Metal Content of Lead and Iron in Fish Culture Media

Kiswanto, Wintah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 5

95--102

EN

The young coal mining pits (young pits) found in West Aceh cause many problems. These pits that form ponds have the potential to be utilized for aquaculture activities. However, the main problem faced in the young pits is the high content of heavy metals. This makes the ponds dangerous for fish farming. Hazardous heavy metals in coal mines are Pb and Fe. Humic acid is one of the materials that can be used to minimize heavy metals and increase water pH. The use of humic acid is more efficient because this technology is easy and cheap and the raw materials are abundant. Humic acid acts as a substance of cation exchange ability found in compost. This research has a long-term goal of making humic acid contained in compost as an alternative material that can minimize heavy metals Pb and Fe, so that it can be used for fish farming activities. The specific objective is to determine the best capacity (dose of humic acid) in minimizing heavy metals and increasing the pH of young pond water in former mines and its effect on fish farming. This research method used a completely randomized design consisting of one factor, namely the dose of humic acid (0 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L, 7.5 g/L) and three replications. The results showed that humic acid was able to minimize the content of heavy metals Pb and Fe in coal mine water with the best dose of 5 g/L. The percentage reduction produced was more than 90%. The results of fish rearing using ex-mining pond water treated with humic acid showed that the survival rate and growth rate of fish were higher.

5

The Influence of the Presence of Iron in Highly Alkaline Polyaluminium Chlorides on the Effectiveness of Precursors of Disinfection By-Products Removal

Krupińska Izabela

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

|

2023

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Vol. 33, no. 1

109--121

EN

The mechanism of coagulation with highly alkaline polyaluminum chlorides is well understood, but there is a lack of information on the effect of the presence of iron in these coagulants on the efficiency of purifying water with increased contents of natural organic matters among which humic substances are precursors of disinfection by-products. The dissolved forms of organic substances are the most problematic with regard to water treatment because major concern is the formation of disinfection by products resulting from reactions between dissolved organic matter fractions and disinfectants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of precursors of disinfection by-products removal using highly alkaline polyaluminium chlorides that had different alkalinity and iron content. In the water after the coagulation process a value of SUVA254 was calculated because this indicator correlates well with dissolved organic matter reactivity and disinfection by-products. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the effectiveness of dissolved organic matter removal was determined by the formation of colored iron-organic complexes.

6

Humic substances and significance of their application – a review

Kłeczek Aneta, Anielak Anna M.

Technical Transactions

|

2021

|

Vol. 118, iss. 1

art. no. e2021012

EN

This paper is based on recent articles regarding applications of humic substances (HSs). HSs are natural organic materials, which have a number of potential applications. Furthermore, HSs are cheap, widespread and obtainable from bio-waste materials. HSs can be used as organic compound sorbents or in detoxification. They are applied as organic additives due to their positive effect on soil and plants, even under stress conditions. HSs reduce water consumption and minimise environmental problems. HSs are utilised for the remediation of multi-metal contaminated soils and as substitutes for synthetic washing agents. From an environmental engineering point of view, it is beneficial to remove HSs from municipal management, where they are undesirable (by-products of disinfection) and to utilise them where they are valuable. The aim of this article is to provide a greater insight into research about the applications of HSs.

7

Response of Chive (Allium Schoenoprasum L.) Plant to Natural Fertilizers

Algharib Ahmed Mohamed, El-Gohary Ahmed Ebrahim, Hendawy Saber Fayez, Hussein Mohamed Salah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 8

200--208

EN

A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of SEKEM Company in Bilbes, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt during the 2019 season, in order to study the effect of adding compost tea and humic acid on the growth and active ingredient of the chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) plant. Chive seeds were sown in nursery in August, two months later seedlings were transplanted to permanent soil. The chive plants received two organic fertilizers: the first one was compost tea (0, 100 and 200 ml/L) as main plot, and the second one was humic acid (0, 2 and 4 g/L) as sub plot. The two fertilizers were sprayed twice, 45 and 75 days after sowing. The results revealed that: the applied compost tea significantly increased the growth and yield characteristics as well as oil percentage and yield, compared with untreated plants. The plants treated with compost tea at 200 ml / L produced the maximum mean values of plant height, fresh and dry weights of herb, as well as essential oil yield. However, humic acid at 4 g /L recorded the highest mean values of plant height, fresh and dry weights of herb. On the other hand, humic acid at 2 g/L gave the highest values of essential oil yield. Moreover, the interaction treatments had a significant effect on all traits under study. Thirty compounds of Chive essential oil (EO) were identified by GC-MS analysis, representing from 65.07 to 93.29% of the total EO. The main compounds found were dipropyl disulfide (12.8–35.4%), dipropyl trisulfide (12.9–30.05%), methyl propyl trisulfide (3.80–9.03%) and 1-propenyl propyl disulfide (1.56–10%). The highest amounts of dipropyl disulfide and 1-propenyl propyl disulfide were detected with humic acid at 4 g/L treatment. The treatment of compost tea at 200 ml/L + humic acid at 2 g/L caused the greatest accumulation of dipropyl trisulfide which recorded 30.05%, while the greatest values of methyl propyl trisulfide (9.03%) were recorded as a result of tea compost at 100 ml/L.

8

A Case Study in Cianjur West Java, Indonesia: A Correlation Humic and Fulvic Acids with Mineralogical Composition and Physico-Chemical Analysis Using Partial Least Square

Mulyani Oviyanti, Joy Benny, Kurnia Dikdik

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 5

191--204

EN

Humic and fulvic acids are important materials for the health of the soil. This is related to the capability of humic and fulvic acids as chelating agent for pollutant in soil. The relationship between humic and fulvic acids with that of the soil properties is an important aspect to determine the characteristics of soil. Furthermore, production of humic and fulvic acids is a time-consuming process with several stages. Regarding this problem, the selection of sample size to study humic and fulvic acids is important. The relationship between the soil properties was analysed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis, which is regarded as a solution to solve the analysis of complicated problems by offering a powerful approach. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between humic and fulvic acids, in terms of their mineral and physicochemical properties using the PLS method. The study was carried out in West Java, Indonesia. The results showed that the relationship between the chemical, physical, mineral contents with humic and fulvic acids, affected the negative and positive aspects of the relationship. Humic acids had a weak to good model category (0.269–0.940) with regards to the soil properties, and fulvic acids had a moderate model category (0.495–0.603) against all soil properties. Thus, the PLS method can solve a problem in study relationship between the soil properties with small sample and can help in understanding the soil characteristics in general.

9

Electrical neutralization ability of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants with different OH–/Al3+ ratios by fluorescence quenching effect

Chi Fung Hwa, Cheng Wen Po, Yu Ruey Fang, Chen Zhao Feng

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 46, nr 2

25--39

EN

The electrical neutralization ability of polyaluminum chlorides (PACls) with respect to humic acid was investigated by the fluorescence quenching method. The Stern–Volmer constant (Kq) at various pH and coagulation doses was determined for polyaluminum chlorides (PACl-B) of various basicities (B, B = [OH–]/[Al]). The experimental results show that under acidic conditions, the order of Kqvalues of PACl-B is PACl-2.5 > PACl-2.3 > PACl-1.5 > AlCl3. In solutions of pH = 7, the order of Kqvalues is PACl-1.5 > PACl-2.3 > PACl-2.5 > AlCl3. When pH > 7, aluminum ions are rapidly hydrolyzed, thus PACls of various basicities generally do not show capacity for electrical neutralization with humic acid. At pH = 6, all PACls-B obtain the maximum Kq values, indicating that humic acid and PACl-Bcoagulation process is less affected by H+ or OH– ions, and produces the best electrical neutralization ability. Compared to the past method of using surface potential as a means of determining the ability of neutralization of coagulation, the results of this study show that the Kq value of the quenching effect can reduce the experiment complexity.

10

Kwasy humusowe : ekstrakcja, analiza i znaczenie w środowisku oraz metody ich usuwania

Anielak Anna M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2019

|

T. 98, nr 10

1580--1586

PL

Dokonano przeglądu literatury na temat występowania, właściwości i charakterystyki kwasów humusowych, stanowiących istotną część substancji humusowych. Przedstawiono zalecenia Międzynarodowego Towarzystwa Substancji Humusowych IHSS (International Humic Substances Society) i inne metody stosowane do ekstrakcji kwasów humusowych. Opisano jak stosunki atomowe pierwiastków elementarnych wykorzystuje się do zbadania zmian strukturalnych w kwasach humusowych i do wyjaśnienia ich formuł strukturalnych oraz rozróżnienia kwasów fulwowych od kwasów huminowych. Scharakteryzowano budowę kwasów humusowych na podstawie analizy absorpcji promieniowania podczerwonego, która umożliwia identyfikację grup funkcyjnych oraz konfigurację wiązań. Wykazano ich właściwości optyczne, które zależą od stosunku węgla w jądrze aromatycznym do węgla w rodnikach bocznych i można je określić spektrometrycznie na podstawie pomiaru UV/Vis (ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy).Przedstawione metody analityczne umożliwiają scharakteryzowanie i identyfikację kwasów humusowych występujących w różnych formach i miejscach środowiska. Określono negatywny i pozytywny wpływ tych substancji na środowisko, a także jak można wykorzystać je do celów produkcyjnych oraz unieszkodliwiać, gdy są zbyteczne i szkodliwe.

11

Wpływ składu gatunkowego drzewostanów na cechy jakościowe próchnicy glebowej tworzącej się na zrekultywowanym wyrobisku popiaskowym

Woś B., Pietrzykowski M., Pająk M.

Quarterly of Environmental Engineering and Design

|

2018

|

Vol. 169 (49)

71--79

PL

W pracy omówiono wpływ składu gatunkowego drzewostanów na cechy jakościowe próchnicy glebowej tworzącej się na zrekultywowanym i zalesionym wyrobisku popiaskowym KP Szczakowa. Skład frakcyjny i właściwości optyczne badano na próbkach pobranych z wierzchnich poziomów inicjalnych gleb (0-5 cm) w litych drzewostanach: sosny zwyczajnej, modrzewia europejskiego, brzozy brodawkowatej i olszy czarnej. Badane próchnice charakteryzowały się przewagą węgla kwasów fulwowych (CKf) w stosunku do węgla kwasów huminowych (CKh) w składzie frakcyjnym puli węgla związanego (Cog) oraz stosunkowo niskim stosunkiem ekstynkcji kwasów huminowych (E465/E665). Czynnik gatunku zadziałał na właściwości próchnicy glebowej najsilniej w przypadku olszy czarnej. Gleby pod olszą charakteryzowały się większą zawartością węgla organicznego ogółem (Corg) i węgla związanego z kwasami huminowymi i fulwowymi (CKh+CKf) w porównaniu do pozostałych gatunków drzew. Potwierdza to duże zdolności fitomelioracyjne i przydatność do rekultywacji olszy czarnej.

EN

The paper presents influence of tree species composition on qualitative properties of humus in soil developed on reclaimed and afforested sand mine excavation KP Szczakowa. Fractional composition and optical properties were determined on 16 samples collected from top soil layer (0-5 cm) under different species: pure stands of Scots pine, European larch, common birch and black alder. The examined humus were generally characterized by predominance of fulvic acids (CKf) in relation to humic acids (CKh) and relatively low optical density of humic acid (E465/E665). Black alder in comparison to other species, most significantly modified the properties of soil humus. Soil under alder were characterized higher content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and carbon associated with humic and fulvic acid (CKh+CKf). The results confirm high phytomeliorative effect and usefulness of black alder to reclamation.

12

Wpływ kwasów huminowych na aktywność metaboliczną buraka cukrowego w warunkach suszy

Rombel-Bryzek A., Pisarek I.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2017

|

Vol. 11, No. 1

279--286

PL

Reaktywne formy tlenu (RFT) powstają w komórkach jako produkt uboczny wielu procesów metabolicznych, a ich wytwarzanie nasila się pod wpływem wielu czynników środowiskowych. W pewnych granicach stężeń obecność RFT jest niezbędna do zachowania prawidłowego funkcjonowania komórki, dlatego rośliny wykształciły liczne mechanizmy, których rola polega na utrzymaniu stałego stężenia RFT. Zachwianie równowagi pomiędzy powstawaniem RFT a działaniem ochronnym systemu antyoksydacyjnego prowadzi do stanu zwanego stresem oksydacyjnym. Susza jest głównym czynnikiem ograniczającym wzrost i rozwój roślin. Jednocześnie badania dowiodły, że kwasy huminowe stosowane dolistnie łagodziły negatywne skutki niedoboru wody dzięki specyficznemu aktywowaniu enzymatycznych systemów antyoksydacyjnych. Celem badań była ocena wpływu kwasów huminowych zastosowanych dolistnie na aktywność metaboliczną buraka cukrowego Beta vulgaris L. w warunkach suszy. Badania przeprowadzono w warunkach laboratoryjnych. W materiale roślinnym, który stanowiły rośliny buraka cukrowego, oznaczano aktywność właściwą peroksydazy gwajakolowej (GPOX), stopień peroksydacji lipidów, zawartość chlorofilu a i b. Wyniki ujawniły, że dolistne zastosowanie kwasów huminowych u roślin wzrastających w warunkach suszy nie zwiększa aktywności właściwej GPOX w porównaniu do roślin regularnie podlewanych. Jednocześnie u tych roślin stwierdzono wzrost stopnia peroksydacji lipidów. W badaniach nie stwierdzono wpływu warunków uprawy na zawartość chlorofilu a i b w badanych roślinach.

EN

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the byproducts of many metabolic processes and their production is increased under of number of environmental factors. In certain concentration range, the presence of ROS is necessary to maintain proper cell function. Thus, cells have many mechanisms, which role is focused on maintaining a constant concentration of ROS. Imbalance between the formation and action of a protective antioxidant system leads to oxidative stress. Drought is a major limiting factor for plant growth and development. At the same time studies have shown that humic acids foliar application moderated the negative effects of water deficient through activation of the enzymatic antioxidant systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of humic acid foliar application on the metabolic activity of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. under drought conditions. Studies were conducted under laboratory conditions. In the plants of sugar beet were determined the specific activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll a and b content. The results revealed that the humic acid foliar application in plants growing under drought conditions does not increase the specific activity GPOX compared to plants watered regularly. At the same time, found an increase in the degree of lipid peroxidation in these plants. There was no impact of growing conditions on the content of chlorophyll a and b in the studied plants.

13

The Influence of Natural and Model Forms of Humic Acids on the Dynamic Parameters of Model Membranes

Pisarek I., Pytel B., Filipiak A., Engel G., Olchawa R., Man D., Najwer K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2016

|

Vol. 23, nr 4

695--708

EN

In this paper the influence of humic acid concentrations extracted from Histosols (HA-A) and their model forms (HA-B) separated from humic substances commercially produced by Carl Roth GmbH + Co.KG on the dynamic properties of liposome membranes was determined. Differences in the quality of the humic acids (HA-A and HA-B) were determined by the 1HNMR and FTIR methods. Liposomes from the sonication of egg yolk lecithin (EYL) in an aqueous solution and synthetic Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were used. Fluidity of liposome membranes was determined by the EPR technique with spin probes (TEMPO, 16DOIXYL). The electrical parameters of membranes were found using a Keithley 6517 electrometer. Our study showed significant differences in the influence of HA-A and HA-B on the membranes. In the bilayer membranes of the liposomes of HA-A admixture there was slightly more stiffening of the interior of the membrane in comparison to HA-B. A similar effect was observed in the surface layer of the liposome membranes. This difference is particularly evident for DPPC liposomes, however, the EYL liposomes admixture with HA-B slightly increased the fluidity of the surface layer. Electrical study confirmed this effect. The study shows that natural and model forms of humic acids differ in their effects on the activity of tested membrane models. The strong differences in the interaction of HA-A and HA-B on parameter F in DPPC liposomes can be result from the transport of humic acids connected to the metal ions inside the membranes (xenobiotics present in the environment).

14

Quantity and quality of organic carbon in bottom sediments of two upland dam reservoirs in Poland

Smal H., Ligęza S., Baran S., Wójcikowska-Kapusta A.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 41, nr 1

95--110

EN

The quantity and quality of organic carbon were studied in bottom sediments of two small, shallow, polymictic dam reservoirs located in SE Poland: Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) and Brody Iłżeckie (BI). Total content of organic carbon (Corg), and its fractions have been determined. The maps of Corg spatial distribution have been compiled. Wide ranges of sedimentary Corg were noted as well as differences between two reservoirs in respect of its content and spatial distribution. The Corg content in the sediments showed a longitudinal zonation pattern in the ZZ and a transverse one in the BI. The composition of sedimentary Corg showed the highest percentage of the insoluble fraction followed by humus acid fraction and the lowest – hemicelluloses fraction. In the humus acid fraction, fulvic acids overbalanced humic acids.

15

Badania nad otrzymaniem kwasów huminowych z węgli brunatnych jako potencjalnych adsorbentów jonów metali

Martyniuk H., Więckowska J., Szwed-Lorenz J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2014

|

T. 93, nr 12

2194-2196

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad otrzymywaniem kwasów huminowych z polskich węgli brunatnych z kopalń Bełchatów i Konin. Preparatyka kwasów huminowych polegała na doborze stężenia ługu sodowego, czasu i temperatury ekstrakcji oraz stosunku ilości ługu do ilości węgla. Jako optymalne wybrano następujące parametry: 5-proc. ług sodowy, temperatura ekstrakcji 100°C, czas ekstrakcji 1 h, stosunek ilości ługu sodowego do ilości węgla jak 20:1. Otrzymano 3 rodzaje preparatów huminowych: płynne, żele i stałe.

EN

Two Polish lignites (grain size 0.2-1.0 mm) were extd. with aq. soln. of NaOH (1-5% by mass) at 20-100°C for 1-24 h (lignite:NaOH mass ratio 1:40 to 1:5) to sep. the humic acids as Na huminates, pptd. with HCi, demineralized with aq. HCI at 100°C and dried at 80°C. Under the optimum conditions (concn. of NaOH soln. 5% by mass, extn. temp. 100°C, extn. time 1 h, lignite.NaOH ratio 1:20), the yield of humic acids was 69.1-70.9% by mass and ash content or 6.6% by mass. The products were considered as adsorbents.

16

Uboczne produkty procesu utleniania i dezynfekcji

Anielak A. M.

Technologia Wody

|

2012

|

Nr 6 (20)

24-27

PL

Głównym tematem pracy jest dezynfekcja wody zawierającej kwasy humusowe będące prekursorami produktów kancerogennych w naturalnych wodach.Ilości powstających ubocznych produktów procesu utleniania i dezynfekcji rosną z czasem reakcji i stężeniem jonów podchlorawych - nieorganicznych. Wśród identyfikowanych UPPUiD szczególne znaczenie mają THM, których duże ilości powstają w wyniku chlorowania wód przybrzeżnych, oceanicznych i morskich. Stężenie UPPUiD koreluje z dawką chloru i czasem reakcji.

EN

The major topics in this study was disinfection water with humic acid as the organic precursor DBPs in a natural aquatic environment. The amount of DBPs increased with chlorite ions as the primary inorganic etc. The yield of identified DBPs, especially THMs, was higher in chlorinated coastal and deep ocean, seawater. The concentrations DBPs well correlated with chlorine doses and reaction times.

17

Charakterystyka kwasów huminowych gleb z poziomami rudy darniowej

Pastuszko A., Pracz J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2012

|

T. 91, nr 4

559-563

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki składu pierwiastkowego (C, H, N, O), współczynnika ekstynkcji E₄/E₆ oraz liczby grup COOH i OH kwasów huminowych (KH) gleb z poziomami rudy darniowej oraz dokonano analizy struktury KH przy użyciu analizy spektrofotometrycznej w zakresie IR.

EN

Sixteen samples of Polish ferro-muck, ferro-mucky, ferrohumic and ferro-mucous soils taken from 4 sites (depth up to 48 cm) were studied for elementary compn., extinction (color) index and content of functional groups (COOH, OH). The humic acids from bog iron ore levels contained more C and O but less N and H than those from the surface levels.

18

Synthesis of the cross-linked humic acid supporting palladium catalyst and its catalytic properties for Heck reaction

Xu Q., Shi W., Cui Y.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2012

|

Vol. 14, nr 2

75-79

EN

Cross-linked humic acid supporting palladium (CL-HA-Pd) catalyst was prepared readily and characterized by infrared analysis (IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The catalyst could catalyze the Heck reaction of aryl halide or substituted aryl halide with vinyl compounds in N2 atmosphere; the yields were above 95%. The catalyst could be recovered and reused 7 times with the Heck reaction of iodobenzene with acrylic acid, and the yield was above 75.6%. The results showed that the catalyst had high catalytic activity even at low temperature of 62°C or with a small amount of the catalyst.

19

Adsorption of humic acid on mesoporous carbons prepared from poly- (ethylene terephthalate) templated with magnesium compounds

Karolczyk J., Mozia S., Morawski A. W., Przepiórski J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2012

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Vol. 14, nr 4

95-99

EN

Porous carbons obtained from poly(ethylene terephtalate) contained in a mixture with either MgCO3 or Mg(OH)2 were examined as adsorbents for removal of humic acid from water. Adsorption of the model contaminants is discussed in relation to the textural parameters of the obtained carbon materials. Pore structure parameters of the carbonaceous materials were strongly influenced by preparation conditions including temperature and relative amounts of the inorganics used during preparations as template. Porous carbons prepared revealed a potential to purify water from the model contaminant of high molecular weight. The results presented confirmed a key role of mesoporosity in the adsorption of humic acid. Fluorescence spectroscopy was confirmed to be an useful method to evaluate concentration of humic acid in water.

20

Ocena zdolności sorpcyjnych kwasów huminowych jako parametru określającego możliwość ich zastosowania w celach nawozowych

Hoffmann K., Huculak-Mączka M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2011

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T. 90, nr 5

792-795