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Pomiary reaktywności źrenicy oka ludzkiego. Metody badań i zastosowania

Hachoł Andrzej, Nowak Wioletta

Śląskie Wiadomości Elektryczne

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2023

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Nr 5 (149)

12-16

PL

Badanie reaktywności źrenicy oka, nazywane pupillometrią, jest bardzo dynamicznie rozwijającym się obszarem badań podstawowych i aplikacyjnych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi zasady pomiaru, budowy urządzeń pomiarowych, metod analizy sygnałów oraz niektórych praktycznych zastosowań pupillometrii.

EN

The study of eye pupil reactivity, called pupillometry, is a very dynamically developing area of basic and applied research. The aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with the principles of measurement, the construction of measuring devices, signal analysis methods and some practical applications of pupillometry.

2

Transmittance measurement of the in vivo human eye with a double-pass system

Sánchez Roberto, De Paul Aníbal, Burgos-Fernández Francisco, Vilaseca Meritxell, Pujol Jaume, Issolio Luis

Optica Applicata

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2021

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Vol. 51, nr 1

1--21

EN

Purpose: To develop a methodology based on a double-pass system to obtain information about the transmittance of ocular media. Methods: The procedure consists of recording double-pass images at different powers of a laser diode of 780 nm and determining the scattering in an area between 25–35 arcmin of each image. The scattering showed linear behavior in respect to the irradiance of the laser, and the slope of the linear fit was proportional to the transmittance squared of the media evaluated. An artificial eye with different filters was tested first. Then, fifteen subjects with clear ocular media were divided into two groups: ten subjects classified by the iris color were recruited for the measurements of an ocular transmittance index and the estimation of the transmittance (group A), and another five subjects were selected for measurements with neutral filters (group B). Results: The measurements performed in group A presented a mean transmittance of 42.95%. No differences in the transmittance were found between subjects with different iris color (p = 0.154). Measurements in group B showed a good correlation (r = 0.959, p < 0.001) between the expected and the measured value for the transmittance. Conclusion: We proposed and evaluated a method to determine the transmittance of the eye in vivo using the double-pass system.

3

The use of modern IT solutions for educational purposes on the example of an application enabling to visualize the human eye

Sochocka Anna, Sołtys Anita, Starypan Rafał

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2020

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Vol. 16, no. 2

art. no. 20200017

EN

The publication presents the “Okopaczaj” application which is aimed to promote health by increasing the awareness about the structure and the consequences of the diseases of the eyesight organ. The first part of the article focuses on the factors which affected creating the application and its general construction. The second part describes the tools of Godot, Blender and Photoshop which were used in the process of creating particular parts of the application. The third part presents the modes that are available in the “Okopaczaj” application as well as their functioning and available functions. The last part summarizes the article and the results of the research conducted with the use of the application.

4

Visualization of the human eye

Sochocka A., Leś L., Starypan R.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2018

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Vol. 14, no. 1

art. no. 20180003

EN

Simulators designed to simulate real organs or activities can be valuable tools in the process of medical training. The main purpose of screen-based computer simulators is to train and assess knowledge and decision-making in medical practice. The presented application is in the form of an educational game, which is a subcategory of serious games. The game is supposed to help learn the anatomy of a normal and a pathological human eye. It is dedicated mainly to high school students in biology classes and medical professionals. The interaction mode is a single player. Users have three main ways of learning the eye anatomy: the Anatomical Model, the Quiz, and the Disorder Catalogue. The Anatomical Model presents the elements of the normal anatomy of the visual system as well as its detailed description. In the “Quiz” mode, users can check their own knowledge of the eye anatomy in the question and answer mode. The “Disorder Catalogue” contains a description of the selected eye defects and models displaying vision before and after correction.

5

Badanie wpływu długości fal świetlnych na widoczność w sztucznym zadymieniu

Drenda J., Koch N.

Wiadomości Górnicze

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2016

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R. 67, nr 12

683--686

PL

W artykule poruszono problem poprawy widoczności w środowisku zadymionym. Przedstawione zostały wybrane wstępne badania dotyczące wpływu długości fal świetlnych widzialnych dla oka ludzkiego na widoczność w zadymieniu. W tym celu wzięto pod uwagę pięć podstawowych długości fal (kolorów): ultrafiolet, niebieski, zielony, bursztynowy, czerwony. Pomiary natężenia światła poszczególnych fal wykonano pięciokrotnie w sześciu stanach pomiarowych, uśredniono oraz obliczono transmitancję.

EN

The article discusses the problem of visibility in a smoky environment. Selected, preliminary studies on the impact of light wavelengths visibly by the human eye on the visibility in smokiness were presented. In order to do this five basic wavelengths (colors) were taken into account: ultraviolet, blue, green, amber, red. Measurements of light intensity of each individual wave were performed five times in six measurement states, and the transmittance was averaged and calculated.

6

Exposure of the human eye to wind

Can O. F.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 36, no. 1

130--137

EN

We report an investigation of the exposure of the human eye to wind. The study was carried out at wind speeds of 40, 80, and 160 km/h. The pressure and forces acting on the eye were examined using the ANSYS CFX software package. The results highlight the necessity of using glasses, contact lens, or protective equipment when, for example, riding a motorcycle, skiing, parachuting, and paragliding.

7

Bezpieczeństwo uczestników ruchu drogowego chorych na kataraktę

Wrona Jan

Zeszyty Naukowe WSEI. Seria Transport i Informatyka

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2015

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T. 5, nr 1

5--9

PL

W artykule podniesiony jest problem widzenia przeszkód przez kierujących z kataraktą. Autobiograficzny przypadek analizuje trudności z rozpoznawaniem przeszkód, infrastruktury drogowej i innych uczestników ruchu. Zasygnalizowano istotny wpływ osób z kataraktą na bezpieczeństwo drogowe. Przytoczono też przykłady dwóch zdarzeń drogowych, które mogły zaistnieć wskutek wady wzroku u kierujących pojazdami.

EN

The article raises the problem of how drivers suffering from cataract see the roadblocks. The autobiographic case analyzes difficulties with recognizing obstacles, road infrastructure and other participants of the traffic. A significant influence of persons suffering from cataract upon road safety was signaled. Examples were also quoted of two road accidents that might have taken place due to drivers’ vision defects.

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FE approach with Green’s function as internal trial function for simulating bioheat transfer in the human eye

Wang H., Qin Q. H.

Archives of Mechanics

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2010

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Vol. 62, nr 6

493-510

EN

Simulation of bioheat transfer in a human eye model is performed, using a newly developed Green’s-function-based finite element formulation, named HFS-FEM. Nonlinear radiation conditions are first treated by introducing an effective convection coefficient, and then two independent temperature fields are assumed within the element and along its boundary, respectively. Subsequently, a hybrid variational functional including the convection effect is constructed to guarantee the inter-element field continuity and to establish a linkage between the two independent fields. By virtue of the use of Green’s functions as trial functions, the resulting nonlinear system contains only the element boundary integrals and is solved with an iteration technique. The results obtained are compared with those from ABAQUS and a good agreement is observed. Subsequently, the effect of control parameters is investigated to determine the temperature variation in the eye model; the results show that the proposed hybrid computational method is an effective tool for investigating the thermal performance of the human eye.

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Numerical simulation of bioheat transfer process in the human eye using finite element method

Paruch M.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Matematyki i Informatyki Politechniki Częstochowskiej

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2007

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Vol. 6, nr 1

199-204

EN

In this paper the finite element method is used for the numerical simulation of two dimensional transient bioheat transfer process in the human eye. The human eye is modelling as a composition of several homogeneous regions. On the outer surface the heat radiation is assumed, on the inner surface the Robin condition is accepted. In the final part of the paper the results of computations are shown.