The present study is a preliminary taxonomic surveyof diatom assemblages from one of the highest mountainranges in the Western Himalayas – Ladakh. 37 sampleswere collected from 19 different sampling sites at altitudes ranging from 3100–4552 amsl. The diatom communities were representative of habitats such as lakes, streams, and hot springs from high altitudes. The dominant diatomsare studied using light microscopy and identified using valve morphometrics. The study enlists a total of 74 taxa belonging to 40 genera along with photomicrographic plates. Commonly-found species of high-altitude hot springs habitats were Gogorevia exilis and Denticula thermaloides.Reimeria sinuata, Fragilaria vaucheriae, Gomphonella cf.olivacea, Encyonema ventricosum, Lindavia biswashanti,Diatoma moniliformis, and Denticula valida were commonly occurring species in stream, river and lake habitats. Further analysis and putative novel species from this high-altitude environment will be described in future publications.
This study aims to analyse the geosite candidates of the Betong District (Yala Province) in Southern Thailand by means of several methods including inventory, characterisation, classification, assessment and SWOT analysis. Results of the present study are illustrated through seven proposed geosites that become resources for the development of the Betong District, namely Betong Hot Spring, Inthasorn Waterfall, Chaloem Phra Kiat Waterfall, Mount Silipat and Nakor Hot Spring, as well as Piyamit Tunnel and Aiyerweng Skywalk, two human-modified sites which can be used to observe geological and geomorphological features. The present study is expected to promote the conservation and development of these resources as geological heritage of the district.
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Finding productive boreholes in the Karoo fractured aquifers has never been an easy task. Fractured Karoo aquifers in the neotectonic zones in the Eastern Cape Province can be targeted for groundwater exploration. The Polile Tshisa hot spring is located in a seismo-tectonic region beset by neotectonics. Hot springs are indicative of circulation of groundwater at great depths along fault zones, and accordingly of neotectonics. The characterisation of hot springs by means of magnetic and electromagnetic methods can help infer the occurrence of structures which are favourable for groundwater potential. The Polile Tshisa hot spring is characterised by faults, fractures, and dolerite dykes. All these structures make the hot spring a good case study for groundwater exploration.
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The Hakata hot springs area is located in Fukuoka City, which is in the southwestern part of Japan. Gamma-ray and gravity surveys were conducted to understand the relationship between the low-temperature hydrothermal systems and geophysical data of the area. The depth of the reservoir basement, which was derived from gravity data, gradually deepens toward the east; it includes some steep depth gradients in the Hakata hot springs area. High intensities of gamma-rays were detected around these gradients. In addition, higher hot spring temperatures and flow rates can be observed in this area. These results indicate that some part of the level of the basement where the hot springs are concentrated is a part of the Kego Fault and is similar to the fracture zone created by past activities of the fault. Moreover, these steep depth gradients act as a path for hot spring water from the deeper side of the granitic body to the surface.
Erasmus Sixtus was a remarkably educated physician, social activist and Lvovian municipal dignitary. His “opus magnum” entitled: “About the Szkło Hot Springs” is a book in which he at large discusses questions of spa medical treatment as well as problems of Szkło spring water origin, movement and quality. Although his considerations are based mainly on concepts of antique and medieval philosophers as well as Renaissance physicians, some ideas concerning groundwater origin, and movement, the causes of its high temperature in case of hot springs, contain rudiments of modern hydrogeological thought.
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