Following the results of field research, the main (grand) staircase in the architecture of the entrance spaces of residential buildings in Eastern Galicia at the end of the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth century was analysed. Main (grand) staircases are classified according to the principles of shaping (single-marching, double-marching, and multi-marching, spiral), the material of manufacture (wood, metal, stone and concrete) and the stylistics of the artistic design of railings (using geometric motifs, with floral ornaments that are combined and plastered). The leading manufacturers of main staircases were identified, the products of which decorated the entrance spaces of residential buildings in Eastern Galicia in the late nineteenth and first third of the twentieth century. The relationship between the main staircase and other arts in the decor of the entrance spaces of residential buildings in Eastern Galicia from this period were traced.
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W artykule przedstawiono rozwiązanie dodatkowego układu holowniczego przeznaczonego dla lekkiego pojazdu gąsienicowego. Odniesiono się do zasady holowania pojazdów w ruchu drogowym i pojazdów specjalnych, w tym gąsienicowych. Przedstawiona została konstrukcja układu holowania, jego zabudowa na pojeździe oraz obliczenia wytrzymałościowe.
EN
The paper presents an additional towing system designed for a light tracked vehicle. Reference is made to the rules of towing vehicles in road traffic and towing of special purpose vehicles, including tracked vehicles. The design of the towing system, its installation on the vehicle and strength calculations are presented.
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