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Osiemdziesiąt lat Oddziału Świętokrzyskiego Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego w służbie polskiej geologii : osiągnięcia w geologii stosowanej

Szczepanik Zbigniew, Białecka Katarzyna, Giełżecka-Mądry Dorota, Kos Marcin, Wieczorek Dariusz, Złonkiewicz Zbigniew

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 3

185--196

EN

This article presents the achievements of the employees of the Holy Cross Mts. Branch of the Polish Geological Institute in the field of applied geology: geological cartography, geology of natural resources and hydrogeology. The area of the Holy Cross Mts. is located in central Poland and for hundreds of years was the main source of metal ores and rock raw materials for the Polish state. Investigating the possibility of using these minerals and raw materials in the modern economy was the reason for establishing the Polish Geological Institute in Kielce. Shortly before World War II, a department of the Institute was established in Kielce for a detailed geological study of this interesting area, where the full profile of the Phanerozoic deposits is present, from the oldest Cambrian to Quaternary. The basic work performed by geologists in Kielce was the preparation of geological maps. During the 80 years of the Institute's activity in Kielce, geological maps on various scales were made, ranging from 1:300,000 to 1:50,000. Currently, detailed mapping at the 1:50,000 and 1: 25,000 scales are being prepared. The search for deposits of iron, copper and other metals, conducted by the Kielce Institute, did not lead unfortunately to discovery of economically useful deposits. On the other hand, large deposits of rock building materials have been identified and documented and are currently exploited mainly for road construction. The region of the Holy Cross Mountains and their vicinity is unique in comparison to other regions of Poland because the entire population and economy are supplied with water from underground sources. Taking care of resources and adequate water quality is the main goal of the hydrogeologists employed at the Holy Cross department of the Polish Geological Institute. They organized and supervise a network that controls the water level and its quality, the impact of quarry activities on the groundwater levels, and prepare various types of hydrogeological maps.

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Wody geotermalne na Niżu Polskim

Górecki W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 7

574-579

EN

The paper presents an outline of studies on the potential for utilization of geothermal waters and energy from sedimentary basins of the Polish Lowlands. The history of geothermal investigations in this region was described. High-and low-emperature geothermal systems in the world and in Europe were characterized. Occurrence of geothermal waters in Poland was portrayed. Basic parameters of the waters and factors controlling economically justified exploitation of geothermal waters were discussed. Low-temperature heating systems with heat pumps were characterized. Resources of geothermal waters and energy in Poland represent average European values and are estimated at about 2.9 × 1017 J/km2, that is similar to resources in Spain and France or United Kingdom. Higher water temperatures at comparable depths occur in southern part of Europe, especially in Hungary and Italy, which results from particularly advantageous relationship between geological and thermal parameters. Basic geothermal water resources in the Polish Lowlands are related to theMesozoic aquifers. The geothermal waters are accumulated in sandy formations of Lower Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic. Considerable geothermal energy resources are accumulated in waters of the Upper Jurassic, Middle Jurassic, Upper Triassic and Lower Triassic aquifers. Research projects completed in the last years by a team from the Department of Fossil Fuels, AGH – University of Science and Technology, enabled assessment of geothermal potential related to water-bearing deposits of the Paleozoic formation from Cambrian up to Permian. The low-temperature heating systems with heat pumps were described. They have wider and wider application in Poland for heating individual houses, apartment blocks, municipal buildings and sacral architecture objects. Low operating costs of the low-temperature systems and quick return of investment expenditures are worth to notice.

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Mineral raw materials and commodities of Poland

Piwocki M., Przeniosło S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 8/2

744-752

EN

Mineral resources of Poland are presented in a historical view, from the prehistoric beginnings till the present day. Some of the mineral resources in Poland have been exploited constantly since the 11th–12th century—these resources are zinc and lead ores and rock salt. One of the important Polish mining traditions concers of hard coal. Noteworthy is the world earliest crude oil mining industry in the Carpathians region. In the present day, the main achievements of Polish economic geology are: the discovery of copper and silver ores in the Fore-Sudetic monocline; documentation of a new major coal basin in Europe, in the Lublin region, and lignite deposits in the central and western Poland; the discovery of the worlds biggest native sulphur deposits in the Carpathian Foredeep; and also the discovery of the gas fields in the Carpathian Foredeep and in the Polish Lowland. Within the last fifty years some of the mineral raw materials, like iron ores and native sulphur deposits, have lost their economic value.