Drukowanie offsetowe jest techniką pochodną drukowania płaskiego, którego poprzednikiem była litografia (z greckiego lithos – kamień, grapfo – pisać) – inaczej drukowanie z kamienia litograficznego.
The Communists started to take control of the typographical industry already in 1944. Printing presses were taken over by various institutions, administrative units, and political parties. Some companies were included in the group run by the Central Administration of State Typographical Plants, which was reorganised several times, and subsequently placed under supervision of various ministries. During the years 1951-1956, typographical plants were administered by the Central Office for Publications, Typographical Industry and Bookselling. The war losses, estimated at 85% of the pre-war potential, combined with the difficulties constructing the presses and related machinery, lack of trained personnel quality of the printing materials (paper, ink, glue, cardboard), and with introduction of central planned economy into the typographical production processes, all resulted in poor quality of the printed books and other publications.
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