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The Synthesis and Morphology of TlxSy Layers Deposited on the Surface of Polyethylene Films from Solution

Bruzaite I., Snitka V., Janickis V.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

2007

Vol. 81, nr 12

2031-2038

Thal lium sul fide layers will be formed on the surface of low-density polyethylene (PE) if the PE layer is sulphured in a solution of higher polythionic acid H2S33O6, and then immersed in the alkaline solution of thallium(I) sulfate. Sulphurcon centration in creases on PE sur face with the in crease of the sulphurization time. The amount of thallium in the TlxSy layers depends on a sulphur concentration sorbed-diffused into PE. Three phases TlS, Tl2S and Tl2S2 were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis in thallium sulfide layers. Scanning Electron (SEM) and Atomic Force (AFM) microscopies were used to characterize surface morphology of thallium sulfide layers. The films de posited on the PE surface have a non-homogeneous structure and consist of separated is lands. The process of their growth on PE surface starts from nucleation sites creating is lands of TlS with diameter in tenths of microns which increase up to 9 mi during 1 h deposition.

Formation of Copper Sulfide Layers on the Surface of Polyethylene Films of Various Density by the Use of Polythionic Acids

Ancutiene I., Janickis V., Giesa R.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

2004

Vol. 78 / nr 3

349-360

The kinetic study of sulfur adsorption-diffusion processes from higher polythionic acid, H2S33O6, solution into polyethylene films of high, medium and low density showed that the sulfur concentration in polyethylene of various density and thickness increases with increasing temperature of the solution and the duration of treatment. Sulfur concentration in the film is related to the film density and thickness. An increase in the negative apparent adsorption heat of sulfur adsorption was observed with an increase of polyethylene films density. The estimated apparent sulfur diffusion coefficients in polyethylene increase with increasing temperature of the polythionic acid solution but decrease with growing crystallinity in the films. The concentration of sulfur in the film is limited by the stage of the acid decomposition, because the apparent activation energy of sulfur diffusion in polyethylene is nine to seventeen times lower than the energy needed for the polythionic acid decomposition. By treating polyethylene film sulfured inH2S33O6solution with copper( I-II) salt solution, copper sulfide (CuxS) layers are formed in the surface matrix of a polymer. The amount of copper in these layers is related to the density and thickness of the polyethylene film and the sulfuration conditions. The amount of copper increases with a decrease in the density of the polyethylene film and with an increase in the temperature ofH2S33O6 solution used and the duration of the treatment. Initially, dielectric polyethylene films after formation of copper sulfide layers in their surface matrix become electrical conductors. Samples of low density polyethylene with the layers of CuxS were the most conductive.