Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Opracowanie listy wad i wymagań w procesie doboru sprzętu czyszczącego

Ślusarczyk Łukasz, Tomczak Kamila

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2022

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Vol. 25, nr 1-2

29--35

EN

The article describes both theoretical and practical application of thought methods supporting the creation of innovative solutions. The “ideas crushing” technique was presented, which helps to discover as many defects as possible in a crushed object in order to use them to create a new, better object. The technique of “Six Thinking Hats” using lateral thinking was also characterized. This type of thinking is characterized by problem-solving by looking at things differently than usual. The article shows how to create creative solutions using heuristic methods. The list of requirements for innovative cleaning equipment was made through the use of an “ideas crushing” method called reverse brainstorming. After answering a series of crushing questions, appropriate conclusions were drawn. Subsequently, the defects found were catalogued according to their type, and those that did not bring tangible benefits in relation to the costs of their removal, were rejected. At the last stage of the method, possible solutions to the most important disadvantages were proposed. The practical application of the “Six Thinking Hats” method was also presented. It allowed to consider the problem from the point of view of several areas: emotions, facts, optimism, pessimism, innovative ideas, logical thought process. The described methods can be used in other areas of industry and life.

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A heuristic approach to optimizing the loading of homogeneous marine cargo

Bernardelli Michał

Operations Research and Decisions

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2022

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Vol. 32, No. 2

1--15

EN

In this article, the optimal loading of homogeneous marine cargo is considered. A mathematical formulation in terms of a mixed-integer linear program can be given. Still, the level of complexity turns out to be too high to perform full-scale computations. On the one hand, the reasons for this are the multitude of variables and constraints. On the other hand, feasible solutions to such problems may often be economically unacceptable or simply empty. Therefore, a heuristic is presented, according to which the relaxation of the limiting conditions influencing the solution’s feasibility and its economic profitability was parametrized. Under this heuristic, shifting the deadlines of selected orders is allowed. Also, the assignment of orders to vessels is separated from the allocation of vessels to piers in loading and unloading ports. The solution presented can be easily generalized by adding additional restrictions or features like indirect vessels, founding cost, or differentiation between materials.

3

Efficient multi-classifier wrapper feature-selection model. Application for dimension reduction in credit scoring

Bouaguel Waad

Computer Science

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2022

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T. 23 (1)

133--155

EN

The task of identifying the most relevant features for a credit-scoring application is a challenging task. Reducing the number of redundant and unwanted features is an inevitable task for improving the performance of a credit-scoring model. The wrapper approach is usually used in credit-scoring applications to identify the most relevant features. However, this approach suffers from the issue of subset generation and the use of a single classifier as an evaluation function. The problem here is that each classifier may give different results that can be interpreted differently. Hence, we propose an ensemble wrapper featureselection model in this study that is based on a multi-classifier combination. In the first stage, we address the problem of subset generation by minimizing the search space through a customized heuristic. Then, a multi-classifier wrapper evaluation is applied using two-classifier-arrangement approaches in order to select a set of mutually approved sets of relevant features. The proposed method was evaluated on four credit datasets and has shown good performance as compared to individual classifier results.

4

Hierarchical method of rescheduling for assembly lines with intermediate buffers

Magiera Marek

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2020

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nr 2

4--8

EN

A method of scheduling assembly in flexible assembly lines without parallel machines is presented. The method applies to lines fitted with intermediate buffers with limited capacities. The developed method is distinguished by the possibility of rescheduling. This is very significant in the case of a need to provide for new, urgent orders, as well as machine failures. The first level of the method concerns balancing the load of the assembly machines. Starting times of individual operations are determined at the second level of the method. Integer programming was used to solve the tasks allocated to both levels of the method. The results of computational experiments regarding the method are described.

PL

Zaprezentowano metodę budowy harmonogramów montażu w elastycznych liniach montażowych bez maszyn równoległych. Metoda dotyczy linii wyposażonych w bufory międzyoperacyjne o ograniczonych pojemnościach. Opracowaną metodę wyróżnia możliwość reharmonogramowania. Ma to duże znaczenie w przypadku konieczności uwzględnienia nowych, pilnych zleceń, a także awarii maszyn. Pierwszy poziom metody dotyczy równoważenia obciążeń maszyn montażowych. Wyznaczenie czasów rozpoczęcia wykonywania poszczególnych operacji dokonywane jest na poziomie drugim metody. Do rozwiązania zadań przyporządkowanych obu poziomom metody zastosowano programowanie całko-witoliczbowe. Zamieszczono wyniki eksperymentów obliczeniowych dotyczących metody.

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Computer – aided method for lower limbs kinematic analysis

Ogiela Marek R., Hachaj Tomasz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

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R. 96, nr 6

15--25

EN

The aim of this paper is to propose a novel method that enables kinematic analysis of motion capture (MoCap) data of lower limbs activities by comparison of body joints trajectories to the reference template. We propose an appropriate human body kinematic model, MoCap aligning procedure and heuristic evaluation with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) - based approach. In contrast to other state-of-the-art papers, where analysis is performed on the single joint on the selected two-dimensional plane, we performed three-dimensional evaluation of human body by analyzing the whole kinematic chain jointly. This approach allows us to find which body joints affected the difference between the input and reference recordings the most. This is valuable information that a person who evaluates MoCap data expects to find. We have also performed kinematic analysis applying commonly used kinematic parameters proposed in state-of-the-art researches in order to show that in our case, when there is no restriction on speed or dynamic of action to be analyzed, those parameters cannot be used to draw valuable conclusions. We have tested our method on a dataset consisting recordings of four karate athletes with various experience in Shorin Ryu karate school. While comparing our algorithm’s results to experts evaluation the true positive rate equals 0.93 while negative rate 0.96.

PL

W pracy zaproponowano nową metodę analizy kinematyki kończyn dolnych przy pomocy nagrań motion capture (MoCap). Zaproponowane rozwiązanie pozwala na kompleksową analize całosci łańcucha kinematycznego. Przetestowaliśmy zaproponowany algorytm na zbiorze danych zawierającym nagrania czterech zawodników Shorin Ryu karate uzyskując zadawalające wyniki w porównaniu do analogicznej ewaluacji przeprowadzonej przez eksperta.

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Five years of multi-depot vehicle routing problems

Jayarathna Nuwan, Lanel Jayantha, Juman Z. A. M. S.

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2020

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Vol. 5, No. 2

109--123

EN

With vast range of applications in real life situations, the Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) have been the subject of countless studies since the late 1950s. However, a more realistic version of the classical VRP, where the distribution of goods is done from several depots is the Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP), which has been the central attraction of recent researches. The objective of this problem is to find the routes for vehicles to serve all the customers at a minimal cost in terms of the number of routes and the total distance travelled without violating the capacity and travel time constraints of the vehicles, and it is handled with a variety of assumptions and constraints in the existing literature. This survey reviews the current status of the MDVRP and discuss the future direction regarding this problem.

7

Method of rescheduling for hybrid production lines with intermediate buffers

Magiera Marek

Archives of Control Sciences

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2020

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Vol. 30, No. 2

213--231

EN

A method of creating production schedules regarding production lines with parallel machines is presented. The production line setup provides for intermediate buffers located between individual stages. The method mostly concerns situations when part of the production machines is unavailable for performance of operations and it becomes necessary to modify the original schedule, the consequence of which is the need to build a new schedule. The cost criterion was taken into account, as the schedule is created with the lowest possible costs regarding untimely completion of products (e.g. fines for delayed product completion). The proposed method is relaxing heuristics, thanks to which scheduling is performed in a relatively short time. This was confirmed by the presented results of computational experiments. These experiments were carried out for the rescheduling of machine parts production.

8

The architectural reconstruction or the resurgence of the ruins

Cortés-Meseguer Luis, Fernández-Plazaola Igor

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2020

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Vol. 13, no. 3

13--20

EN

Museums have become cultured places to exhibit art and to survive that context or social milestone within society. On numerous occasions, the great museums have been commissioned to collect architecture by plundering the original sites and taking away part of their soul, and in many cases, the originality of the work loses its meaning without its original location and vice versa. In the field of restoration, different are the theories and concepts that should be taken into account for optimal interpretation, always depending on the criteria and sensitivity of each author. For that same reason, the discussion between the suitability of the reconstructions or their interpretation is obligatory, using a wide terminology to describe each of the processes.

9

Joint effect of forecasting and lot-sizing method on cost minimization objective of a manufacturer: a case study

Olesen Jack, Pedersen Carl-Emil Houmøller, Knudsen Markus Germann, Toft Sandra, Nedbailo Vladimir, Prisak Johan, Nielsen Izabela Ewa, Saha Subrata

Applied Computer Science

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2020

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Vol. 16, no 4

21--36

EN

Forecasting and lot-sizing problems are key for a variety of products manufactured in a plant of finite capacity. The plant manager needs to put special emphasis on the way of selecting the right forecasting methods with a higher level of accuracy and to conduct procurement planning based on specific lot-sizing methods and associated rolling horizon. The study is con-ducted using real case data form the Fibertex Personal Care, and has evalu-ated the joint influence of forecasting procedures such as ARIMA, exponen-tial smoothing methods; and deterministic lot-sizing methods such as the Wagner-Whitin method, modified Silver-Meal heuristic to draw insights on the effect of the appropriate method selection on minimization of operational cost. The objective is to explore their joint effect on the cost minimization goal. It is found that a proficient selection process has a considerable impact on performance. The proposed method can help a manager to save substantial operational costs.

10

Heuristic method of assembly scheduling of multi-option products for assembly line with intermediate buffers

Magiera Marek

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2019

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nr 3

4--10

EN

The method intended to build the possibly shortest assembly schedules is presented in the paper. The method is constructed for assembly lines without parallel machines. The intermediate buffers are located between the assembly machines. A flow of products of different types is unidirectional in the assembly line. The proposed method is a heuristic because the fixed tasks are characterized by a large size and considerable computational complexity. It is a relaxation heuristic. The linear mathematical model is used in the mentioned heuristic method. The method is constructed for assembly scheduling for multioption products. Assembly of various types of products in different variants is the reply to the contemporary challenges faced by the manufacturers, who try to satisfy the demands of individual customers. The planned downtimes of machines are regarded in the method, for example downtime of machines connected with maintenance. The results of computational experiments with proposed heuristic method are presented. The described heuristic method is compared with optimal method based on the integer programming. The fixed makespans and computational fixed times using heuristic method and optimal method are compared.

PL

Przedstawiono metodę przeznaczoną do budowy najkrótszych harmonogramów montażu produktów w liniach montażowych bez maszyn równoległych. Konfiguracja linii montażowej uwzględnia obecność buforów międzyoperacyjnych pomiędzy maszynami. Przepływ równocześnie montowanych produktów różnych typów jest jednokierunkowy. Ze względu na rozmiary rozwiązywanych problemów i związaną z tym złożoność obliczeniową metoda jest heurystyką. Jest to heurystyka relaksacyjna, w której wykorzystano model zadania programowania liniowego. Metoda dotyczy produktów wielowariantowych. Produkty danego typu mogą różnić się wariantami wykonania - specyficznymi cechami, uwzględniającymi wymagania odbiorców. Metodę wyróżnia także uwzględnienie planowanych przestojów maszyn, np. przeznaczonych na konserwację. Zaprezentowano wyniki eksperymentów obliczeniowych, za pomocą których oceniono jakość opracowanej metody. Długości harmonogramów wyznaczanych za pomocą przedstawionej metody porównano z długościami harmonogramów optymalnych, znanymi dzięki zastosowaniu modelu zadania programowania całkowitoliczbowego. Porównano także czasochłonność obliczeń.

11

Proposal of heuristic regression method applied in descriptive data analysis: case studies

Gomes F. A., Assis A. de O., Reis M. R. da C., Gomes V. M., Oliveira S. G. M., Araujo W. R. H. de, Calixto W. P.

Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 2, No. 2

51--57

EN

The purpose of this paper is to use the hybridized optimization method in order to find mathematical structures for analysis of experimental data. The heuristic optimization method will be hybridized with deterministic optimization method in order to that structures found require not knowledge about data generated experimentally. Five case studies are proposed and discussed to validate the results. The proposed method has viable solution for the analysis of experimental data and extrapolation, with mathematical expression reduced.

12

Comparison of bayesian and other approaches to the estimation of fatigue crack growth rate from 2D textural features

Mojzeš M., Kukal J., Lauschmann H.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2017

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Vol. 55 nr 4

1269--1278

EN

The fatigue crack growth rate can be explained using features of the surface of a structure. Among other methods, linear regression can be used to explain crack growth velocity. Nonlinear transformations of fracture surface texture features may be useful as explanatory variables. Nonetheless, the number of derived explanatory variables increases very quickly, and it is very important to select only few of the best performing ones and prevent overfitting at the same time. To perform selection of the explanatory variables, it is necessary to assess quality of the given sub-model. We use fractographic data to study performance of different information criteria and statistical tests as means of the sub-model quality measurement. Furthermore, to address overfitting, we provide recommendations based on a cross-validation analysis. Among other conclusions, we suggest the Bayesian Information Criterion, which favours sub-models fitting the data considerably well and does not lose the capability to generalize at the same time.

13

Minimizing sensor movement in target coverage problem: A hybrid approach using Voronoi partition and swarm intelligence

Jagtap A. M.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

263--272

EN

This paper addresses the major challenges that reside on target coverage problem, which is one among the two primary sub-problems of node deployment problem. In order to accomplish a cost-efficient target coverage, a Voronoi partition-based, velocity added artificial bee colony algorithm (V-VABC) is introduced. The V-VABC is an advancement over the traditional, target-based Voronoi greedy algorithm (TVgreedy). Moreover, the VABC component of V-VABC is a hybrid, heuristic search algorithm developed from the context of ABC and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The V-VABC is an attempt to solve the network, which has an equal number of both sensors and targets, which is a special case of TCOV. Simulation results show that V-VABC performs better than TV-greedy and the classical and base algorithms of V-VABC such as ABC and PSO.

14

Modelowanie heurystyczne naturalistycznych założeń zieleni

Rostański K. M.

Topiarius. Studia krajobrazowe

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2016

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T. 1

54--63

PL

Metoda heurystycznego modelowania naturalistycznych założeń zieleni, próbuje podążać za wzorcami natury formułując zasady, związane z nimi działania i opisując efekty, jakie one przynoszą. Ma to umożliwić wybór działań i zapewnić jak najlepszą optymalizację rozwiązań i ich dostosowanie do lokalnych uwarunkowań środowiskowych i społecznych. Proponowane jest tu wykorzystanie roślin rodzimych w najszerszym możliwym zakresie. Model heurystyczny jest otwarty, nie narzuca konieczności realizowania wszystkich jego zasad i działań. Interpretacja modelu i rozkład akcentów pozostaje więc po stronie projektanta. Tak jak w przyrodzie optymalizacja rozwiązań jest procesem, który jest na tyle poprawny, na ile uwzględnia istniejące uwarunkowania. Funkcjonalność zrealizowanej struktury zawsze zweryfikuje poprawność i kompleksowość jego decyzji. Metoda sugeruje jednak potrzebę dopuszczenia w pewnym zakresie naturalnej sukcesji roślin, która ma stopniowo równoważyć strukturę korygując jej braki.

EN

Heuristic method for naturalistic modeling of greenery elements is trying to follow natural patterns and processes with the use of local natural plants. Determines rules, actions connected and describes effects to reach. Not all of them should be applied to the same extent. Choice should be left for designer but he must be familiar to them all. Taking into account more rules should realize the best adaptation of ecological and social requirements. Man is considered in that model as common element of nature. Interpretation of the model and distribution of accents is still the work of designer. The correctness of solutions will be proven by their response to local conditions. To make it possible to improve the designed structure there is proposed mechanism with natural succession as a tool.

15

Algorithms Using List Scheduling and Greedy Strategies for Scheduling in the Flowshop with Resource Constraints

Figielska E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Warszawskiej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki

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2014

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nr 11

29--39

EN

The paper addresses the problem of scheduling in the two-stage flowshop with parallel unrelated machines and renewable resource constraints. The objective is minimization of makespan. The problem is NP-hard. Fast heuristic algorithms using list scheduling and greedy strategies are proposed. For evaluation of the performance of the algorithms computational experiments are performed on randomly generated test problems, and results are reported.

16

Wykorzystanie metod optymalizacji heurystycznej do minimalizacji kosztów bilansowania systemu elektroenergetycznego

Kacejko P., Pijarski P.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2014

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R. 90, nr 4

165--168

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wynik zastosowania metody roju cząstek do rozwiązania zadania SCOPF minimalizującego koszty bilansowania mocy w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Aczkolwiek zasadniczym elementem procesu obliczeniowego jest wielokrotne powtarzane rozwiązanie układu równań rozpływowych SEE to jednak dzięki odpowiedniemu wykorzystaniu korzystnych właściwości metody roju cząstek cały proces obliczeniowy wykazuje dobrą zbieżność i powtarzalność wyznaczanego stanu optymalnego.

EN

The paper presents results of the particle swarm method application to solve the SCOPF task that minimizes power balancing costs in the electric power system. Although the principal element of the calculation process is multiple iteration of the power flow equation system solution, owing to the apt application of the particle swarm method the whole calculation process exhibits good convergence and repeatability of the determined optimal state.

17

Optymalizacja kosztów bilansowania systemu elektroenergetycznego przy wykorzystaniu metod heurystycznych

Kacejko P., Pijarski P.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2014

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R. 90, nr 3

28--31

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wynik zastosowania metod heurystycznych do rozwiązania zadania SCOPF optymalizującego koszty bilansowania mocy w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Aczkolwiek zasadniczym elementem procesu obliczeniowego jest wielokrotne powtarzane rozwiązanie układu równań rozpływowych SEE to jednak dzięki odpowiedniemu wykorzystaniu korzystnych właściwości metod heurystycznych cały proces obliczeniowy wykazuje dobrą zbieżność i powtarzalność wyznaczanego stanu optymalnego.

EN

The paper presents results of the heuristic methods application to solve the SCOPF task that optimizes power balancing costs in the electric power system. Although the principal element of the calculation process is multiple iteration of the power flow equation system solution, owing to the apt application of the heuristic method the whole calculation process exhibits good convergence and repeatability of the determined optimal state.

18

Jakość dostrzegania problemów i zadań poznawczych - istotny czynnik wychowania do twórczości. T3/ZOOM techniką wspomagania rozwoju myślenia twórczego uczących się

Olczak M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Rozprawy Naukowe / Politechnika Łódzka

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2013

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Z. 470

1--511

EN

The ability to perceive a problem is hard to overestimate since it is crucial in order to obtain outstanding creative achievements, particularly in the area of scientific and discovery research. Some western heuristic systems do not even mention solving problems any more, but they deal with taking chances. Running a business may be (so far!) smooth and devoid of problems. However, if one perceives the existing possibilities of a new activity, they can avoid problems in the future and get ahead of the competition. Admittedly, new problems arise this way, but not as a result of ineptness but by a creative perception of what could be done. T3/ZOOM is a technique of perceiving problems and cognitive tasks. It consists in searching a problem/task in a given situation through “penetrating” it. „Penetrating” may go in two directions: • „penetrating” through zooming in, narrowing the field of perception, reaching the detail, what is called in this technique „a magnifying glass”, • and „penetrating” through zooming out, searching a broader context, called in this technique „a wide-angle lens”. Each direction of penetration has three insights, called respectively: • what is seen “at a single glance”; • what is less visible; • what cannot be seen, but definitely exists. According to the definition by W. Dobrołowicz, the technique is an operational mechanism steering the individual mind activities. In T3/ZOOM the operational mechanism is a penetration of a situation through zooming in and zooming out as well as a suggestion to perform that penetration in three stages, through consecutive insights. According to this approach T3/ZOOM is a technique. Assigning (perhaps exceedingly) rules, which construct heuristic methods, one may also confirm the legitimacy to call T3/ZOOM an heuristic technique. The first rule refers to the fact, that while designing the method one needs broad experience in solving tasks as well as the understanding of the methods of solving them. The author possesses theoretical and practical experience within the methods and techniques of solving tasks. The second rule governing the process of constructing the method points out the need to clearly define the direction of component measures. This requirement is presented in T3/ZOOM technique as a penetration of a situation in two directions („magnifying glass”, wide-angle lens”). Another rule building up the heuristic method is the necessity to sort out component measures. In T3/ZOOM this rule is expressed in organizing the directions of penetration of situations through the description of their insights (“what is seen at a single glance”, “what is less visible”, ”what cannot be seen, but definitely exists”). The last rule, which should be taken into consideration while constructing the heuristic method is: a – to describe the method according to its origins; b – to explain notions constructing the method; c – to formulate directives, i.e. general recommendations referring to the desired attitudes of the solving person or to formulate the recommendations of the valuation rule; d – to describe its stages and overall structure; e – to formulate hints and exercises, which might be useful for the solving person; f – to describe the applicability of the method and conditions of its efficiency; g – to mention at least one example of using the method as an empirical proof of its effectiveness. Referring to the requirement to describe the origins of the method (a), and in this case the technique, the prototype of T3/ZOOM was a training of creation exercise, which is my authorship, and its stage: perceiving. Notions (b) used to describe the T3/ZOOM technique are clearly defined. Penetrating is an act of active observation of the situation, consisting in either missing out the detail of a given situation or in presenting this situation in a “global” context. The directives (c), which are referred to when using the T3/ZOOM technique are typical, and obvious at the same time for a creative thinking. They definitely comprise: the main directive – think divergently, i.e. differently, seek for any possible approaches towards the situation, seek for multiple references of the discussed situation, do not limit your possibilities of a creative insight into the situation as well as further directives – do not judge the point of view of the situation beforehand, do not criticize your insights into the situation. T3/ZOOM technique (d) is marked by two directions of the penetration of a situation: the former expressed by an observation narrowing the field of perception of a situation, the latter – heading in an opposite direction – i.e. the broadening of a field of perception. Moreover each direction of penetration has three “stages”. Thanks to them a conscious thought analysis takes place, a directed, clearly defined path of a thought course. An original exercise (e) preparing to an effective usage of T3/ZOOM technique is a task described below, and it belongs to the training of creativity and its stage: perceiving. The original contents of the exercise recommended looking at certain „objects” through an imagined microscope. This exercise might also undergo certain modifications. The first one could refer to a change or multiplying of „objects” meant to be observed through a microscope. The second modification could take into consideration three “stages” used in T3/ZOOM technique, i.e. to impose on the person solving the exercise the need to perform three consecutive insights into the “object”. The third transformation within the contents of the exercise might be connected with the request to capture the „object” in the wide context, i.e. – apparently – to zoom out the microscope lenses (to increase the distance between the lenses and the object) and in the narrowed context, i.e. – apparently – to zoom in the lenses into the “object” (to decrease the distance between the lenses and the object). T3/ZOOM technique is recommended (f) for a creative solving of a problem defined as perceiving a problem. It is perceived as efficient if a person solving a problem finds six problems/cognitive tasks in a certain situation. However, more problems/cognitive tasks may be found. If the technique is used by a group of people, the number of perceived problems and cognitive tasks increases. The efficiency of the T3/ZOOM technique – the technique of perceiving problems and cognitive tasks – is confirmed by its usage in academic education. This technique has been used in searching the topic of the project in the projects method as well as in finding the cognitive task, which was the main theme of a BA thesis. The projects method is characterized by different phases of the project realization. I have adopted three-phase scheme of the projects method, i.e.: • the project preparation, • the project realization, • the project evaluation. This apparently simple and obvious scheme of performing the project tasks has an advantage to describe in detail the typical activities of a teacher and students in each phase. The students activities in the project preparation phase include: • consideration of the existing good practice examples, • team building for the project realization, • choice of the topic, • gathering of preliminary information, • preparation of the project description (summary), • identification of sources of advice and assistance, • elaboration of the detailed plan of activity (timetable). T3/ZOOM technique has been used to “choose the project topic”. “The choice of the project topic” to realize the project by means of the projects method was performed in two phases. In the first phase students, taking into account their interests – defined the area of consideration and commenced to perceive problems within that area by means of T3/ZOOM technique. They received an “instruction” about the technique itself, the method of usage as well as information that there is a possibility to broaden the problem search by multiplying the perception of problems in each ”insight”. The first phase of “the choice of the project topic” was concluded by the choice of one problem out of many of those perceived by the students. The second phase of “the choice of the project topic” to realize the project by means of the projects method included negotiations. Each student selected one “individual” problem, which they meant to develop in the project. Thus the project group, which comprised five to six students, included five to six selected problems. Then those groups – through discussions – had to choose one problem to realize which would be accepted by all group members. The choice of the problem to realize by means of the projects method has been done on the basis of: • the interest in the problem expressed by all group members, • the value and social significance of the problem, • the unique approach to the problem or • the typical character of a problem, which means perceiving the same problem by several persons in the group. T3/ZOOM technique has also contributed to the perception of the main theme of the BA thesis. By means of this technique students discovered the multiplicity of cognitive tasks; and among them they pointed out those which they found new or valuable; one by one – they chose one cognitive task which could become the main theme or at least the beginning of the BA thesis. The promoters, by accepting the cognitive task chosen by a student, allowed students to develop the task in the thesis, recognizing its accuracy and cognitive value. However, it’s worth emphasizing that only a limited number of cognitive tasks were developed in the BA theses. The author finds the reason for this in the „stiff” academic education system. Despite numerous needs expressed by the scientific and economic environments, the higher education institutions do not develop elite, but they limit the individual students’ creativity, and thus they waste their talents. To prove this, let us look at the method of formulating topics of the diploma theses – the promoters present to the students a list of already formulated topics and the students are supposed to pick one topic and develop the diploma thesis. Students do not have any possibility to create the topic of their own theses, which means they cannot find the topic through the creative perception of cognitive tasks. The starting point for the research in T3/ZOOM issues as a technique of perceiving problems and cognitive tasks is the certainty of theoreticians and practitioners of education that it is necessary to introduce heuristic knowledge into education of children and youth. Z. Pietrasiński, claiming that the upbringing into the creative life style is the superior aim of shaping attitudes and creative skills, pointed out the need for the intensive training of heuristic skills. Within this training, he put great emphasis on teaching heuristic methods. The author claims that the conscious and planned learning of heuristic methods accelerates the development of creative skills among the talented youth, and it allows average and less talented youth to obtain better results in this area. „The knowledge about operations”, the knowledge „I know that” according to J. Kozielecki is not possible without teaching productive methods. The student, using these methods, makes a creative (or expansive) transgression, i.e. they cross their own material, social, symbolic borders which allows them to develop their particular areas of personality: cognitive, instrumental, motivational, emotional. A. Góralski defines heuristic as “the knowledge about the methods of preparation, fulfilment and evaluation of creative achievements, as well as the knowledge and skills of acquiring and transferring this kind of knowledge and skills”. Heuristic is the methodology of creation – each creation, cognitive as well as artistic, practical and the one realized in education. Heuristic treats creation as craftsmanship. The author notices that there are masters in this area, there is tradition, corporate governance, there are professional know-how, rules and patterns which may be described and which should be taught. Heuristic strives to discover the rules which govern the creation and to present them in patterns of creation, i.e. systems of conduct promoting the fulfilment of creative achievements. According to the author practice makes the basis of the concept of elite education and training of talents in the school of masters. It is worth to know how to use methods which help to consciously inspire and stimulate the creation of ideas. However, J. Łaszczyk claims that it is insufficient to know the directives and heuristic methods, the range of their usage and their efficiency. It seems essential to acquire skills and ease in using them – this means the necessity of practical exercises. E. Nęcka based the concept of “teaching the creation” on carrying out lessons during which pupils and students learn the principles of creative thinking as well as basic techniques of problem solving, and the methods of breaking the barriers hindering the creation of new and valuable ideas. The creative thinking activated, among others, by using the methods and techniques of creative problem solving is as important as other school subjects. The best example is the educational programme „Order and adventure. Lessons of creativity” by K.J. Szmidt. With the view that school – unintentionally – slows down the spontaneous activity and creative attitudes of children and youth, W. Dobrołowicz designs the psycho-didactics of creativity. The addressees of the psycho-didactics of creativity are teachers and tutors whose professional aim is to organize the didactic and upbringing process allowing the development and fostering of creative talents of pupils and students. The learners of psycho-didactics of creativity possess theoretical and practical knowledge on the process of creation and its requirements, they know issues on psychology of creation, heuristic, inventics. The author cannot imagine the education of the creation teacher without both the above mentioned knowledge and without their own individual innovative ideas. The knowledge about the heuristic methods becomes the basic knowledge on the methods of heuristic conduct for the teacher themselves and the knowledge passed on to students. Human thinking is connected with two phenomena: on the one hand thinking is accompanied by unlimited freedom, on the other hand – contradictory – a kind of captivity. We are bound to think. According to E. de Bono thinking based on spontaneous reactions is insufficient in modern life – we need something more. And what we need is „efficiency”. The author comprehends efficiency as the ability to act and to effectively finish the commenced undertakings. What is particularly significant in this consideration is to teach how to think – how to think efficiently, productively and to treat education in thinking as equally important to teaching how to read or count. The effective “efficient creative thinking” is realized, among others, by the tools and techniques of creative problem solving. T3/ZOOM technique – the technique of perceiving problems and cognitive tasks – aspires to join the popular and commonly used techniques in creative problem solving.

19

Koncepcja informatycznego systemu wiedzy wspomagającego heurezę

Zoleński W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2013

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z. 63

487--501

PL

W artykule zaproponowano koncepcję informatycznego systemu wiedzy wspomagającego heurezę, który łączy w sobie funkcje systemu informacyjno-wyszukiwaw-czego oraz systemu ekspertowego. Ponadto, w artykule przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę sytuacji problemowych oraz czynników mających wpływ na wybór odpowiedniej metody rozwiązywania problemu.

EN

The author proposes the concept of the information knowledge system supporting the heuristic, which combines the functionalities of an information and searching system and an expert system. Additionally, the article discusses the general characteristics of problem situations and factors determining the selection of the appropriate method to solve the problem.

20

Sourcing problem for construction industry

Mobtaker A., Awasthi A., Chauhan S., D'Amours S.

Research in Logistics & Production

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2013

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Vol. 3, No. 3

167--182

EN

In construction projects, availability of required material at right time at the project site is crucial to complete the project on time and within the budget. The construction project could be delayed for several reasons and this may disrupt supplies. In this work we assume that enough supply may not be available on time if the project delayed excessively unless the project manager has special supply contracts with the suppliers. Usually suppliers react in two ways towards change in delivery dates; either they may increase the price or provide a limited quantity on the negotiated price. In this work we discuss both the cases and provide solution approaches. The efficiency of the approaches is verified using randomly generated data sets.