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1

Impact of Selected Plant Species on Enzymatic Activity of Soil Substratum on Post-Mining Heaps

Błońska Agnieszka, Kompała-Bąba Agnieszka, Sierka Edyta, Besenyei Lynn, Magurno Franco, Frydecka Kinga, Bierza Wojciech, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 1

138--144

EN

The natural mineral resources (hard coal, sands, dolomites, lead and zinc ores) found in the Silesia and the excavation of them led to significant transformation or even degradation of the environment. The landscape of Upper Silesia was dominated by heaps created as a result of the accumulation of post-mining coal waste. These postindustrial sites are characterised by difficult conditions for the development of plant communities. Nevertheless, the heaps are spontaneously overgrowing and over time, a separate ecosystem can be observed (for heaps). The article analyzes the enzymatic activity of the substrate in relation to the selected dominant grass (Monocots) and herbaceous (Dicots) plant species. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of particular enzymes in soil substratum of the vegetation patches dominated by grass and herbaceous plants.

2

Uziarnienie podłoża jako czynnik różnicujący zbiorowiska roślinne występujące na zwałowiskach karbońskiej skały płonnej

Ryś Karolina, Radosz Łukasz, Kompała-Bąba Agnieszka, Błońska Agnieszka, Hutniczak Agnieszka, Woźniak Gabriela

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

29--36

PL

W pracy podjęto próbę ukazania różnorodności roślinności zwałowisk karbońskiej skały płonnej z dominującym udziałem traw i roślin zielnych, a także rozpoznanie preferencji uziarnienia podłoża wraz z biomasą powstającą w płatach roślinności zdominowanych przez różne gatunki traw i roślin zielnych. Skład florystyczny zbiorowisk opiera się głównie na dominacji jednego gatunku czy współdominacji gatunków rodzimych zielnych tj.: Chamaenerion palustre, Daucus carota, Centaurea stoebe, Lotus corniculatus, Tussilago farfara, Melilotus alba lub obcych: Erigeron annuus, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Solidago gigantea oraz gatunków traw tj.: Calamagrostis epigejos, Solidago gigantea, Poa compressa, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Phragmites australis. W poszczególnych zbiorowiskach odnotowano od 23 do 55 gatunków roślin. Do najbardziej różnorodnych gatunkowo należą zbiorowiska z wysokim pokryciem takich gatunków jak: Poa compressa (H'–1,89), Daucus carota (H'–1,82), Festua arundinacea (H'–1,45), Calamagrostis epigejos (H'–1,42), natomiast najmniejszą różnorodnością odznacza się zbiorowisko z udziałem Phragmites australis (H'–0,91). Analiza uziarnienia podłoża na zwałowiskach karbońskiej skały płonnej wykazała zależność między gatunkiem dominanta, a składem granulometrycznym oraz zawartością materii organicznej w podłożu.

EN

The study attempts to show the diversity of vegetation of Carboniferous waste dumps with a predominant proportion of grasses and herbaceous plants, as well as recognition of soil grain preferences with biomass arising in patches of vegetation dominated by various species of grass and herbaceous plants. The floristic composition of the communities is based mainly on the dominance of one species or co-dominance of native herbaceous species i.e.: Chamaenerion palustre, Daucus carota, Centaurea stoebe, Lotus corniculatus, Tussilago farfara, Melilotus alba or aliens: Erigeron annuus, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Solidago gigantea and grass species, i.e. Calamagrostis epigejos, Solidago gigantea, Poa compressa, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Phragmites australis. In individual communities from 23 to 55 species of plants were recorded. The most diverse species include communities with high coverage of such species as: Poa compressa (H'–1.89), Daucus carota (H'–1.82), Festua arundinacea (H'–1.45), Calamagrostis epigejos (H'–1.42), while the smallest variety is characterized by the community with the participation of Phragmites australis (H'–0.91). Analysis of the grain size of the subsoil on the Carboniferous waste dumps showed a relationship between the dominant species and the granulometric composition as well as the content of organic matter in the subsoil.

3

Bioaccumulation of Macro- and Microelements in Herbaceous Plants in the River Valley

Parzych A., Jonczak J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 3

170--177

EN

The research was done in the upper course of the Kamienna Creek which is the left-bank tributary of River Słupia situated in the northern part of Poland within Leśny Dwór Forest Inspectorate area. The aim of the study was the comparison of accumulation properties of herbaceous plants in spring niches in relation to macro- and microelements. The shoots of research plant species showed a good supply of macro- and micronutrients. The highest contents of nutrients were found in the shoots of Athyrium filix-femina (Ni), Caltha palustris (Mg, Ca, Sr), Cardamine amara (K, Zn, Fe, Al), Carex rostrata (Mn) and Solanum dulcamara (N, P, Cu), and the lowest in shoots of Ajuga reptans (P, Zn, Mn), Cardamine amara (N, Cu) and Carex rostrata (K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ni, Fe, Al). Herbaceous plants accumulated from 1767.23 mmol c99%), and microelements ranged from 0.33% in Solanum dulcamara to 0.67% in shoots Cardamine amara. The share of nitrogen was from 38.8% to 56.8% of this amount, phosphorus from 2.9% to 3.9%, potassium from 28.5% to 40.6%, magnesium from 4.8% to 7.6%, and calcium from 4.6% to 16.4%. A large share of iron (from 33.7% Athyrium filix-femina to 39.5% Caltha palustris), manganese (from 9.2% Cardamine amara to 28.8% Carex rostrata) and aluminum (from 16.7% Carex rostrata to 40.8% Cardamine amara) in total measured components indicates excessive downloading them through plants. During the three years of research done in spring niches, it was found that some plant species take up nutrients in the quantities exceeding their physiological demand, which enables to use some of them for forming e.g. artificial wetlands, stopping many impurities and forming protective barriers.

4

Shrub effects of herbaceous vegetation vary with developmental phases and herb relative location

He Y., Liu X., Xie Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 3

421--429

EN

In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, shrubs have an important effect on neighboring plants. However, little is known about the interaction of herb growth stages and shrub location on herb performance. We selected Reaumuria soongorica, (Pall.) Maxim a shrub dominant in the semiarid region of northwest China, to determine whether (1) shrubs facilitate or have negative effects on neighbouring herbaceous vegetation, and (2) such effects vary with herb growth stage and with shrub orientation relative to herbs. The presence of herbaceous plant species, plant density, plant height, and percent cover were determined along 2 m long transects spreading in four directions from the base of shrub – east (transect E), west (transect W), south (transect S), and north (transect N); this was repeated for three growth stages (in May, June and July). Results indicated that the effects of R. soongorica on neighboring herbs in different growth stages were similar. Species number of herb-layer plants tended to increase from beneath the canopy to the opening, but plant density, cover and plant height decreased with distance away from shrub base. The presence of R. soongorica had positive effects on density, cover, and plant height, and negative on the number of herbaceous species during the entire growing season. Herbaceous plants growing on transect N under the shrub canopy had significantly higher density and percent cover than those growing in other directions. Biomass of herbs on transect N grown under the shrub canopy was higher than that of herbs on other transects. We concluded that shrub effects on neighbouring herbaceous vegetation were closely related to the shrub orientation relative to the herbs. Therefore, using shrubs as nurse plants for grass-growing must consider the relative placement of shrubs.

5

Heavy metal concentration in plants growing on the vicinity of railroad tracks: a pilot study

Dzierżanowski K., Gawroński S. W.

Challenges of Modern Technology

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2012

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Vol. 3, no. 1

42--45

EN

Railway transport is a source of various heavy metals arising from abraded metallic train elements and rails. These metals accumulate in neighboring soils and may pose particular health risk for railway workers or people who simply pass through the railroad tracks. Plants are able to uptake metals from soil, thus reduce soil contamination and movement of pollutants. Individual species are characterized by different accumulation efficiency. In this study fifteen species were examined for accumulation of 14 metals. Cerastium dubium accumulated the majority of metals most efficiently.

6

Development of cover of various plant species in two different soil types

Arambatzis N., Kitikidou K.

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2006

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Vol. 51, no 4

493-502

PL

Koszty rekultywacji terenów pogórniczych obejmują koszty przygotowania gleby i uprawy roślin. W pracy zbadano wpływ zawartości gleb w żwirach na powstawanie i rozwój szaty roślinnej (traw) w kamieniołomie na północy Grecji. Badania wykazały, że nie ma statystycznie istotnych różnic w rozwoju szaty roślinnej w zależności od gleb i rodzaju upraw (trawy, rośliny motylkowe, mieszanina tych dwóch rodzajów).

EN

The cost of a post-mining rehabilitation involves soil preparation and plant culture. In this paper, we examine the effect of the soil concentration in gravel in an experiment of an herbaceous plant cover establishment, in a quarry in Northern Greece. The results showed that there were no statistically important differences in the development of the plant cover between the soils and the cultures (grasses, legumes or mixture of both).