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EN
This paper presents a new method for generating nonlinear helical spring geometries based on a rigorous mathematical formulation. The model was developed for two scenarios for modifying a spring with a stepped helix angle: for a fixed helix angle of the active coils and for a fixed overall height of the spring. It allows the development of compression spring geometries with non-linear load-deflection curves, while maintaining predetermined values of selected geometrical parameters, such as the number of passive and active coils and the total height or helix angle of the linear segment of the active coils. Based on the proposed models, Python scripts were developed that can be implemented in any CAD software offering scripting capabilities or equipped with Application Programming Interfaces. Examples of scripts that use the developed model to generate the geometry of selected springs are presented. FEM analyses of quasi-static compression tests carried out for these spring models showed that springs with a wide range of variation in static load-deflection curves, including progressive springs with a high degree of nonlinearity in characteristics, can be obtained using the proposed tools. The obtained load-deflection curves can be described with a high degree of accuracy by power function. The proposed method can find applications in both machine design and spring manufacturing.
EN
This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the distribution of transverse stiffness of cylindrical compression helical springs with selected values of geometric parameters. The influence of the number of active coils and the design of the end coils on the transverse stiffness distribution was investigated. Experimental tests were carried out for 18 sets of spring samples that differed in the number of active coils, end-coil design and spring index, and three measurements were taken per sample, at two values of static axial deflection. The transverse stiffnesses in the radial directions were tested at every 30 angle. A total of 1,296 measurements were taken, from which the transverse stiffness distributions were determined. It was shown that depending on the direction of deflection, the differences between the highest and lowest value of transverse stiffness of a given spring can exceed 25%. The experimental results were compared with the results of the formulas for transverse stiffness available in the literature. It was shown that in the case of springs with a small number of active coils, discrepancies between the average transverse stiffness of a given spring and the transverse stiffness calculated based on literature relations can reach several tens of percent. Analysis of the results of the tests carried out allowed conclusions to be drawn, making it possible to estimate the suitability of a given computational model for determining the transverse stiffness of a spring with given geometrical parameters.
EN
The analysis of the influence of the elastomeric element’s geometrical and material parameters on selected static and dynamic properties of metal-elastomer spring with rectangular cross-section is presented in this paper. Numerical FEM simulations presented in the paper revealed that application of even the relatively soft rubber of 50 [Sh°A] hardness as an elastomeric element may contribute to significant increase of spring stiffness. Experimental tests considering static and dynamic properties of the analyzed spring were also performed, utilizing three different types of elastomeric foam. Performed tests demonstrated high efficiency of analyzed construction in terms of vibration damping.
PL
W artykule omówiono konstrukcję śrubowej sprężyny naciskowej z użyciem generatora dostępnego w Inventorze. Wartości obciążeń niezbędne do wprowadzenia do modułu obliczeniowego generatora uzyskano metodami analitycznymi. Omówiono i przeanalizowano pracę generatora. Dokonano weryfikacji wyników obliczeń wytrzymałościowych otrzymanych podczas pracy modułu obliczeniowego generatora, z uzyskanymi w drodze obliczeń konwencjonalnych.
EN
The article discussed the design of the helical compression spring using generator available in Inventor. Necessary Load values for the calculation module of the generator obtained by analytical methods. Work of the generator was discussed and analyzed. Was verified the results of strength calculations obtained during operation calculation module generator with those obtained by conventional calculation.
EN
In the paper, the influence of support compliances on the stability and the limiting slenderness ratio of compression helical springs was investigated. To analyze the stability of helical springs, the concept of an equivalent column was applied and a general system of supports described by three independent compliances was utilized. In the general case, the solution obtained, which describes the critical force, depends on two rotational compliances and a lateral compliance of a transverse shift of the support. The influence of the individual compliances on the critical load and on the limiting slenderness ratio was studied. Simple approximation formulas were proposed to describe these relationships.
PL
W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań doświadczalnych, dotyczących skuteczności tłumienia drgań przez wybrane uchwyty mocujące sprężyny śrubowe. Przeanalizowano dwa warianty konwencjonalnego uchwytu mocującego oraz nową konstrukcję amortyzowanego uchwytu mocującego. Wyniki wskazują na wysoką skuteczność nowej konstrukcji, dla której wartości logarytmicznego dekrementu tłumienia były w badanym zakresie częstości drgań o rząd wielkości większe niż dla uchwytów konwencjonalnych. Badania wykazały również, że stosowane obecnie płaskie podkładki elastomerowe umieszczane między uchwytem sprężyny a podstawą nie przynoszą spodziewanych rezultatów w postaci zwiększonego tłumienia drgań.
EN
Results of experimental studies on the efficiency of damping properties of selected types of helical spring holders are presented in this paper. Two variants of conventional holders and new construction of holder were analyzed. The results show, that the new helical spring holder has a high damping efficiency for which the values of logarithmic decrement were one order of magnitude higher than those for conventional holders, measured within the investigated range of frequencies. Research has also shown that the currently used flat elastomeric pads placed between the spring holder and the base do not produce the expected results in terms of increased damping.
PL
Przedstawiono konstrukcję sprężyn śrubowych o zwojach końcowych zamkniętych. Wykazano, że naprężenia maksymalne w takich sprężynach mogą znacznie przekraczać wartości uzyskane za pomocą podawanych w literaturze zależności dotyczących sprężyn zwijanych z drutu. Stosując MES opracowano wytyczne odnośnie do parametrów geometrycznych sprężyn o zwojach końcowych zamkniętych, które zapewniają wyrównany poziom maksymalnych naprężeń w różnych obszarach.
EN
This paper presents a computer aided selection of helical spring with capped end-coils geometric parameters in order to avoid local areas of increased stresses. The results obtained during simulations let to form the conclusion concerning proper geometric parameters. Formulas used to calculate maximum shear stress in helical springs coiled from wire with rectangluar cross-section can be applied to springs with capped end-coils under condition that round of the helical groove end should have radius equal to half of the spring coil's height.
8
Content available remote Analysis of helical compression spring support influence on its deformation
EN
This paper presents a new method of calculation of the change of axial twisting angle of compressed helical spring's end-coils in the case of rotary-free suports. The propriety of derived formulas was experimentally verified. The method is easy in application and gives results much closer to experiment than the presently used method that can be found in literature.
PL
W pracy zaprezentowano nową metodę obliczania kąta skręcania czół sprężyny śrubowej naciskowej pod obciążeniem dla przypadku obrotowo podatnego podparcia jej końców. Poprawność wyprowadzonych zależności zweryfikowano doświadczalnie. Metoda ta jest prosta w zastosowaniu i daje wyniki znacznie bliższe wynikom eksperymentu niż metoda znana z literatury i dotychczas stosowana.
9
Content available remote Cechy elementów sprężystych zawieszeń samochodów osobowych
PL
W artykule omówiono elementy sprężyste zawieszeń - mechaniczne i pneumatyczne. Przedstawiono ich charakterystyki, omówiono zalety i wady.
EN
The springy elements of suspensions in article were have talked over was -mechanical and pneumatic. Their profiles were introduced was, advantages and defect were have talked over.
10
Content available remote Moduł zdalnego nauczania "Sprężyny spiralne"
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