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1

Comprehensive assessment of water and sediment quality in Lake Nasser, Egypt, using various potential risk indices

Abdel-Satar Amaal M., Salem Salem G., El-Sayed Seliem M., Goher Mohamed E., Abdelaziz Ghada S., Al-Afify Afify D.G.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 1

40--60

EN

Lake Nasser is a freshwater lake that supplies over 95% of Egypt’s freshwater budget. Therefore, the quality of water in the lake is critical for its conservation. In addition to assessing the metal pollution load, the quality of water and sediment in the lake was assessed by collecting water and sediment samples for metal content analysis. Lake Nasser is a warm monomictic water body with a single circulation cycle in the cold months. Dissolved oxygen content in bottom water samples often dropped significantly to levels below international guidelines, reflecting reduced rates of photosynthetic activity. Although 50% of the lake’s water samples contained Pb concentrations slightly above the World Health Organization’s (WHO) limit for drinking water, the metal pollution index did not exceed the critical level and was classified as low metal water pollution. Based on the geoaccumulation index (I-geo), the enrichment factor (EF) and the pollution load index, the sediments of Lake Nasser are practically uncontaminated with metals. Ni has the highest EF and I-geo values, while Ni and Cd contributed the most to the ecological risk and toxic risk index. The obtained results revealed that Cd and Ni in the sediments may pose a threat to organisms living in Lake Nasser.

2

Ecological risks assessment of fishery commodities from heavy metal in The East Java Province, Indonesia

Andriyono Sapto, Hidayati Nuning V., Fitrani Mirna, Manaf Latifah A., Habib Ahasan, Dewi Umi U., Mukadar Saadah

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

183--193

EN

Heavy metals are a crucial group of chemicals extensively used in materials to meet human needs, eventually leading to contamination of aquatic ecosystems and accumulation in organism’s tissues. Heavy metals enter the aquatic ecosystem from various sources. Those metals that pollute aquatic waters are deposited in sediments, remain dissolved in water or accumulate in the food web of aquatic organisms. Benthic biota is believed to accumulate the highest levels of these metals, while other aquatic animals, such as fish, shrimp, and macroalgae, serve as significant sources of heavy metals intake through food and the environmental exposure. Ina study conducted in and around the east Java, Indonesia, the concentration of heavy metals in commercially important fish species, shellfish, and macroalgae were evaluated using an inductive couple plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). This study is very important because fishery resources are not only vital for exports but also serve as a primary source of essential food for local communities. The results showed that heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd, and Hg) in samples were 12.3 mg∙dm-3 , 0.171 mg∙dm-3, and undetectable, respectively. This study showed that different metals were present in the samples at different levels, all of which fell within the maximum residual levels set by the EU and USFDA. The results of an analysis of food safety based on the Hazard Index showed values below 1 point, indicating that fishery products (fish, shrimp, and macroalgae) from the East Java Province are generally safe for human consumption.

3

Risks of Soil Pollution with Toxic Elements During Military Actions in Lviv

Petrushka Kateryna, Malovanyy Myroslav, Skrzypczak Dawid, Chojnacka Katarzyna, Warchoł Jolanta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

195--208

EN

Considering that approximately 20% of the nation’s land remains under the occupation of Russian forces, assessing the impact of the invasion in the midst of ongoing conflict is a formidable challenge. However, even the limited available data offers a distressing glimpse into an ecological catastrophe. The detonation of rockets and artillery shells leads to the generation of a variety of chemical compounds containing elements such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd). The primary goal of this research was to ascertain the presence of potentially hazardous elements (PTE) within the soil in areas subjected to targeted rocket attacks within the Lviv districts. Soil samples were gathered from four locations in the city of Lviv, which had been impacted by rocket fire, using a concentric circle sampling methodology. Two distinct instrumental techniques, namely X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), were employed to quantify the concentration of heavy metals within the soil samples. Results revealed that all soil samples exhibited a significant exceedance of the maximum allowable concentrations for titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni). To assess the leachability and bioavailability of these elements within the soil, various extraction methods were applied in aqueous conditions and in the presence of ammonium citrate. The latter method demonstrated high effectiveness in extracting zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) from the soil. The level of soil contamination was evaluated using diverse criteria, including the contamination factor (Cf), the environmental risk factor (Er), the potential environmental risk index (Ri), the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and the environmental risk factor (NIPI – National Iron plus Initiative). The computed cumulative environmental impact of all elements (NIPI = 49.001 and NIRI = 54.941, National Investor Relations Institute) underscores the substantial pollution within the surveyed area.

4

Evaluation of heavy metals pollution in recent sediments of Zoubia Wadi, W-Skikda (NE of Algeria)

Boukoffa Mechati, Boucenna Fatih, Lamouri Bachir, Bouabsa Lakhdar

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2024

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no. 1

53--67

EN

This study aims to evaluate the level of metallic pollution in the recent sediments of the Zoubia area (Aïn Kechera) in north-east of Algeria. The method used for this assessment involves sediments sampling and the determination of heavy metal concentrations. The study estimated the level of metallic pollution in the sediments by calculating several pollution indexes, including the contamination factor (CF), the enrichment factor (FE), the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the individual ecological risk index (), the potential ecological risk (RI) and statistical analysis of the data. The study monitored seven trace metals: cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). The results indicate an enrichment of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in all samples. However, Ni, Co, and Cr levels are below those of the continental crust (background). The geo-accumulation index values for Co, Ni, and Cr are negative in all samples. On the other hand, positive geo-accumulation index values were observed for Cd, Pb, Zn, and some Cu samples (B1, B2, B3, and B4) with individual ecological risks of less than 40 for Cd, (94.48–119.21) for Zn, and (80.23– 135.4) for Cu, respectively. This indicates low risk for Cd and high risk for Zn and Cu. The results indicate that Pb poses a significant ecological risk (537.4–842.05) and may have adverse effects on human health. The most significant pollutants, in order of increasing risk, are Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd.

5

Thermal Impact on Heavy Metal Bioavailability in Burnt Rocks of Waste Heap of Chervonohradska Coal-preparation Plant (Lviv Region, Ukraine)

Kochmar Iryna, Karabyn Vasyl, Stepova Kateryna, Stadnik Vitalii, Sozanskyi Martyn

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 1

117--133

EN

For effective waste management of mining industries is important to investigate their physical and mineralogical changes. For this purpose, X-raydiffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods were used. Changes in the contents of mobile forms of heavy metals in rocks were investigated using an acetate-ammonium buffer solution with a pH of 4.8 after burning rocks at a temperature of 800–850°C. The obtained data indicated the significant role of the mineral composition in the thermal behavior of the rock samples and the subsequent influence of the thermal processes on the changes in the bioavailability of heavy metals.

6

Evaluation of the effect of using sewage sludge as a fertilizer on the concentration of heavy metals in soil and the economic implications of its application

Petryk Agnieszka, Ryczek Marek, Guzdek Sylwia

Economics and Environment

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2024

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no. 1

art. no. 647

EN

The costs of fertilising the soil with sewage sludge were reduced to the operating time of the equipment and the working time of the labourers operating the equipment in the two main operations (manure spreading and ploughing), for three sewage sludge application doses, namely 50, 100 and 200 Mg·ha-1. The costs were calculated using the Katalog Nakładów Rzeczowych nr 2-21: Tereny zielone/Ministerstwo Gospodarki Przestrzennej i Budownictwa (2009) and the current prices from Sekocendbud (2023). The effectiveness of fertilisation was assessed by studying the level and change in heavy metal content after the soil was fertilised with sewage sludge at three proportional doses, namely 50, 100 and 200 Mg·kg-1. The sewage sludge used for fertilisation complied with the sanitary requirements for sludge to be utilised for natural purposes (Regulation, 2015). The estimated total cost of sludge application ranged from PLN 12646.19 to PLN 20456.73 per 1 ha for doses from 50 to 200 Mg per 1 ha. The results of the estimation confirmed the hypothesis that the unit cost of fertilisation with stabilised sewage sludge increases with the dose of sludge in relation to the area of fertilised soil and decreases with the increase of the mass of sludge deposited in the soil. Optimising fertiliser costs, therefore, requires selection - increasing the sludge dose per unit area. No contamination of the soil with copper, cadmium, lead and zinc was found despite an obvious increase in the content of these metals when mixed into the soil. The application of sewage sludge, even in multiple doses, did not result in exceeding the permissible limit for the content of these elements in the soil, as defined in the Minister of the Environment Regulation of 2015 (Regulation, 2015).

PL

Celem artykułu było określenie zawartości metali ciężkich w glebach po aplikacji do nich osadu ściekowego jako źródła i sposobu nawożenia oraz próba oszacowania kosztów tego procesu. Koszty związane z nawożeniem gleby osadami ściekowymi, sprowadzono do czasu pracy sprzętu oraz robotników obsługujących sprzęt w dwóch podstawowych etapach prac (rozrzucanie obornika i orka), dla trzech wysokości dawek osadów ściekowych: 50, 100 oraz 200 Mg·ha-1. Kalkulacja kosztów została wykonana na podstawie Katalogu Nakładów Rzeczowych nr 2-21: Tereny zielone / Ministerstwo Gospodarki Przestrzennej i Budownictwa (2009) oraz aktualnych cen z bazy danych Sekocendbud (2023). Skuteczność nawożenia została oceniona przez zbadanie poziomu i zmiany zawartości metali ciężkich po zasileniu gleby osadami ściekowymi w proporcjonalnych, trzech dawkach: 50, 100, 200 Mg·ha-1. Zastosowane do nawożenia osady spełniały wymagania sanitarne stawiane osadom, które mają być wykorzystane w celach przyrodniczych (Regulation, 2015). Oszacowane koszty całkowite aplikacji osadu, wyniosły od 12646,19zł do 20456,73zł na 1 ha, odpowiednio dla dawek od 50 do 200 Mg na 1 ha. Wyniki szacunku potwierdziły założoną tezę, a mianowicie: koszty jednostkowe nawożenia ustabilizowanymi osadami ściekowymi rosną wraz z dawką osadu w odniesieniu do powierzchni nawożonej gleby a maleją wraz ze wzrostem masy zdeponowanych w glebie osadów. Optymalizacja kosztów nawożenia wymaga zatem doboru – zwiększania dawki osadu na jednostkę powierzchni. Nie stwierdzono skażenia gleby miedzią, kadmem, ołowiem i cynkiem pomimo oczywistego zwiększenia zawartości tych metali po ich zmieszaniu z glebą. Stosowanie osadu, nawet dawki wielokrotnej, nie wpłynęło na przekroczenie dopuszczalnego progu zawartości tych pierwiastków w glebie, określonej w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska z 2015 r. (Regulation, 2015).

7

The Effect of Fertilizers on the Extraction of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Soil by Plant Biomass

Kholikulov Shodi, Bobobekov Isomiddin, Abdurakhimov Mingjigit, Abdumalikov Jasurbek, Yakubov Tursunboy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

227--237

EN

According to the data given in the article, the soil around the Samarkand chemical plant is strongly contaminated with heavy metals. The greatest pollution is noted within a radius of 1500–2000 meters from a chemical plant in the western and northern directions. In areas subject to the influence of heavy metals and arsenic, the use of mineral and organic fertilizers reduced the content of mobile forms of these elements in the soil and improved the growth and development of plants. As a result, crop yields increase, and the transfer of heavy metals into plants is reduced. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers in soils contaminated with these elements, along with increasing the yield of cotton, reduced the amount of element removed by the crop by 25–80% compared to the control variant. That is, in the variant where mineral and organic fertilizers were applied together (N250P175K125+ cattle manure, 30 t/ha), the largest reduction in the removal of these elements by the cotton crop was found in the cobalt (80%) and the lowest in the copper (25%).

8

Supplementary Treatment of Wastewater by Using Ecological Lime Derived from Eggshell Waste – A New Sustainable Strategy for Safe Reuse

Assal Aicha, Nasrellah Hamid, Aarfane Abdellatif, Bakasse Mina, El Mahi Mohammed, El Mostapha Lotfi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

180--189

EN

Wastewater from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often requires further treatment before it can be safely reused. Lime is a common and affordable material used for this purpose, but its production can generate significant environmental impacts. This study developed an eco-friendly and effective lime substitute from eggshell waste for wastewater treatment. First, pre-treated wastewater effluent from WWTP El Jadida, Morocco, was collected and characterized. It was found that COD, BOD5, and TSS values showed non-conformity from Moroccan discharge standards, as well as high concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), silver (Ag), beryllium (Be), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co). These pollutants represent a potential risk to human health and the environmental ecosystem. To reduce this pollution, the optimal mass of lime powder obtained by thermal treatment of eggshell waste was determined by testing a concentration series of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 g·L-1. The findings confirmed that the addition of the optimal dose of prepared lime (24 g·L-1) resulted in a significant reduction in pollution parameters, with abatement rates of 77% for BOD5, 63% for COD and 66% for TSS, respectively. Furthermore, the eco-friendly lime substitute also showed promise in reducing the colorization rate for dyes by 84% and removing heavy metals through precipitation. However, the generated by-product loaded with toxic pollutants should be encapsulated in eco-materials to ensure safe operation and contribute to a sustainable management strategy for wastewater treatment.

9

Geochemistry of the Heavy Metals in the Tansrift Mine (Atlas of Beni Mellal, Morocco) – A Pollution Assessment

Ouahzizi Youssef, Charroud Mohamed, Ali Abdelkhiar Ait, Choukrad Jaouad, El Azzab Driss

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

253--263

EN

The Tansrift mine is an open-pit exploitation mine that mines copper substances. It is located on the southwestern flank of the Beni Mellal Atlas, 9 km Northeast of Ouaouizaght village. The mining activity delivered about 650 000 t of 1.5% Cu, with an estimated reserve of 1 Mt to 1.32% Cu. In this study, seven hazardous heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Ni) have been studied in the tailing and exploitation of the Tansrift mining district. The geochemical analysis contents of the metals were measured in the samples collected from this area. In addition, the pollution indexes, including the geo-accumulation index, the enrichment factor, the contamination factor, and the pollution load index, were used to assess pollution levels caused by those heavy metals. The Igeo index revealed a high to extreme copper contamination with a value above 4. As for the contamination factor, extreme and moderate contamination is shown by the copper and chrome in the totality of the exploitation and tailing areas. Moreover, the pollution load index shows very high pollution in all samples. The climatic conditions are also affecting the pollution of the atmosphere by contaminated dust and the water table and watershed by the contamination from the tailings and mineralized structures.

10

Geochemical Anomalies of the Heavy Metals in the Industrial and Urban Agglomeration Soils

Mitryasova Olena, Smyrnov Viktor, Koszelnik Piotr, Salamon Ivan, Smyrnova Svitlana, Mats Andrii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

165--177

EN

The study of the soil cover of urban landscapes of the Mykolaiv industrial-urban agglomeration, which is a complex multifunctional system, was carried out. A sampling strategy was developed and the sources of pollution were analyzed, taking into account the areas of intensive bombing and ammunition explosions. The levels of contamination by heavy metals (Сr, Zn, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cu, Mn) at the positions of environmental safety were established, and the danger coefficient Ko and the integral danger index (∑Ko (1+2)) were applied for chemical elements of the I and II danger classes. A geochemical anomaly of military origin was identified with an excess of the maximum permissible levels for the following chemical elements: Hg (57.1) > Сr (20.6) > Ni (9.6) > Cu (9.2) > Zn (5.3) > Pb (1.5).

11

Characterization and Bioavailability of Metallic Trace Elements in Different Organic Waste

Doughmi Ayoub, Elkafz Ghizlane, Benradi Fatima, Cherkaoui Essediya, Khamar Mohamed, Nounah Abderrahman, Zouahri Abdelmjid

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

133--140

EN

It is important to address metabolic and heavy metal issues in organic waste through sustainable development, circular economy principles and effective solid waste management, particularly focusing on composting as a crucial approach recognized in Morocco’s Green Generation Plan to reduce waste sent to landfills and mitigate greenhouse effects and gas emissions to fight against environmental pollution. This study aims to elevate the significance of organic waste in agriculture by employing composting technics, thereby mitigating its heavy metal content and safeguarding soil and farmland against various forms of contamination. This approach aligns seamlessly with the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy, advocating for responsible waste management and the augmentation of natural resource value. The findings of the study indicated a decrease in heavy metal levels across all composts, with a minimum values at the end of the composting in Gr compost recorded in all heavy metals analyzed (Pb – 0.1125 mg·kg-1, Cd – 0.08 mg·kg-1, Cr – 2.22 mg·kg-1, Zn – 10.88 mg·kg-1, Mn – 28.85 mg·kg-1, Cu –8.30 mg·kg-1, Fe – 545.18 mg·kg-1 and Ni – 1 mg·kg-1). The findings from the assessment of heavy metal levels in the examined compost samples demonstrate their adherence to regulatory standards. Consequently, these composts can be confidently employed as organic soil enhancers, contributing to the enrichment of agricultural soils and fostering plant growth, all while avoiding the potential hazard of undue metal contamination. This study comes to confirm and consolidate previous works findings regarding the valorization of organic solid waste through composting and to minimize their major environmental risks by reducing trace metal elements through this biological process.

12

Ecological and human health risks assessment of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Pławniowice water reservoir – artificial lake (Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)

Tytła Malwina, Kernert Joanna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2023

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Nr 87

35--51

EN

This study aimed to assess the ecological and human health risks of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the bottom sediments of the Pławniowice reservoir, which is located in the Silesian Voivodeship, one of the most polluted regions in Poland. Sediment samples were collected at 5 sampling points located along the main axis of the reservoir. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using Avio 200 ICP-OES atomic absorption spectrometer (PerkinElmer Inc.). The geochemical quality classification, Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Ecotoxicological criteria, and Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER) were used for the assessment of the ecological risk, while for the human health risks, the Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), Carcinogenic Risk (CR) and Total Carcinogenic Risk (TCR). The results of the ecological risk analysis indicated that among the studied metals, only Cd may pose a potential hazard to the fauna and flora of the reservoir. The results of the health risks assessment indicated that the primary exposure pathway for adults and children can be accidental ingestion of polluted sediments. In both cases, children are far more exposed to the health effects. Although the studied metals did not pose a direct threat to human health, due to the values of CRs and TCRs to Cd, Cr and Ni it is recommended to take appropriate steps to reduce the concentrations of these heavy metals in the bottom sediments by their periodical removal.

PL

Celem pracy jest ocena ryzyka ekologicznego i zdrowotnego związanego z obecnością metali ciężkich (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb i Zn) w osadach dennych zbiornika Pławniowice, który znajduje się w województwie śląskim, jednym z najbardziej zanieczyszczonych regionów w kraju. Próbki do badań pobierano w pięciu punktach rozmieszczonych wzdłuż głównej osi zbiornika. Stężenia metali ciężkich oznaczano przy użyciu spektrometru absorpcji atomowej Avio 200 ICP-OES (PerkinElmer Inc.). Do oceny ryzyka ekologicznego wykorzystano geochemiczne klasy czystości osadów, Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Ecotoxicological criteria oraz Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), z kolei do oceny ryzyka zdrowotnego użyto Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), Cancirogenic Risk (CR) oraz Total Carcinogenic Risk (TCR). Wyniki analizy ryzyka ekologicznego wskazują, że spośród badanych metali tylko Cd może stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla fauny i flory zbiornika. Ocena ryzyka zdrowotnego wykazała, że główną drogą narażenia dla dorosłych i dzieci może być przypadkowe połknięcie zanieczyszczonych osadów. Ponadto w obu przypadkach dzieci są bardziej narażone na skutki zdrowotne. Pomimo że analizowane metale nie stwarzały bezpośredniego zagrożenia dla zdrowia człowieka, to ze względu na wartości indeksów CR i TCR, w odniesieniu do Cd, Cr i Ni, zaleca się podjęcie odpowiednich działań w celu zmniejszenia stężeń tych metali ciężkich w osadach dennych poprzez ich okresowe usuwanie.

13

Przegląd wybranych technik woltamperometrycznych wykorzystujących modyfikowane materiały elektrodowe dla potrzeb oznaczania chromu, niklu oraz kadmu

Janeba-Bartoszewicz Edyta, Bieńczak Krzysztof, Karbowska Bożena, Durka Martyna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 5

495--501

PL

Przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy z zakresu modyfikacji elektrod na potrzeby woltamperometrycznego oznaczania chromu, niklu oraz kadmu. Przegląd technik woltamperometrycznych stosowanych do oznaczania wybranych metali w elementach środowiska naturalnego z zastosowaniem nowatorskich materiałów elektrodowych obejmuje wiele wyselekcjonowanych źródeł literatury. Analiza danych literaturowych wykazała, że modyfikowana elektroda z najlepszymi właściwościami elektrochemicznymi dla oznaczania chromu(VI) to elektroda sitodrukowana modyfikowana syntezowanymi nanocząstkami złota (SPE-AuNPs) z granicą wykrywalności 3,1·10⁻¹¹ mol/L (oznaczanie prze- prowadzone techniką anodowej woltamperometrii stripingowej (ASV)). Dla oznaczania niklu(II) była to elektroda z węgla szklistego pokryta filmem bizmutu (GCE-BiFE) z granicą wykrywalności 1,7·10⁻⁹ mol/L (oznaczanie przeprowadzone techniką adsorpcyjnej woltamperometrii stripingowej (AdSV)), a dla kadmu(II) elektroda z węgla szklistego modyfikowana polimerem z nadrukowanymi jonami kadmu (GCE/Fe3O4@ SiO2@IIP) z granicą wykrywalności 1,0·10⁻¹⁰ mol/L (oznaczanie przeprowadzone techniką anodowej woltamperometrii stripingowej (ASV)).

EN

A review, with 23 refs., of voltammetric techniques used to det. Cr, Ni and Cd metals in the natural environment with the use of innovative electrode materials. The electrodes with the best electrochem. properties for the detn. of Cr(VI) (screen printing electrode modified with synthesized Au nanoparticles), Ni(II) (glassy carbon electrode covered with a layer of Bi) and Cd(II) (glassy carbon polymer-modified electrode with imprinted Cd ions) were discussed.

14

Ocena możliwości wykorzystania mieszanki osadowo-popiołowej do rekultywacji gruntów z uwzględnieniem wpływu pH środowiska na wymywalność metali ciężkich

Mizerna Kamila

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 10

1087--1091

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań uwalniania metali ciężkich z mieszanki osadowo-popiołowej pod wpływem oddziaływania pH środowiska w szerokim zakresie wartości. Wyznaczono także stężenia metali ciężkich w podstawowym teście ługowania stosowanym w badaniu ziarnistych materiałów odpadowych. Wszystkie wyniki wymywalności porównano z zawartością całkowitą metali ciężkich w mieszance w celu oceny poziomu ich mobilności do środowiska gruntowo-wodnego. Proces wymywania metali ciężkich w dużej mierze zależy od faz mineralnych w odpadach oraz ich składu chemicznego, dlatego też parametry te były także przedmiotem analizy.

EN

Municipal sewage sludge and ashes from the combustion of solid fuels in households were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 on a dry basis, crushed and mineralized to det. the content of heavy metals. Grinded samples of the research material were stirred for 24 h in the leachant of various pH and the content of heavy metals in the obtained eluate was detd. using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The leachability results were compared with the total content of heavy metals in the mixt. in order to assess the level of their mobility into the water environment. The pH of the environment strongly detd. the mobility of heavy metals.

15

Jakość powietrza w wybranych lokalizacjach na podstawie danych zebranych ze stacji pomiarowych w latach 2021-2022

Pytel Krzysztof, Piaskowska-Silarska Małgorzata

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 10

1104--1110

PL

Analiza jakości powietrza w wybranych lokalizacjach w latach 2021- 2022, wykorzystująca dane ze stacji pogodowych, które zawierały informacje o zanieczyszczeniach powietrza, takie jak stężenia pyłów zawieszonych PM10, NO₂, SO₂, C₆H₆, benzo(a)piren i metale ciężkie w PM10, potwierdziła istnienie problemów z zanieczyszczeniem powietrza, szczególnie w sezonie zimowym i obszarach o dużym natężeniu ruchu drogowego oraz pozwoliła na wyciągnięcie wniosków dotyczących wpływu emisji na środowisko i zdrowie społeczeństwa.

EN

Data from 2 measurement stations located in urban and industrialized areas were analyzed. The focus was on specific air pollutants, such as PM10, NO₂, SO₂, C₆H₆, benzo(a)pyrene and heavy metals (Pb, As, Ni, Cd). Concn. charts for substances confirmed the existence of air pollution problems, particularly during the winter season which clearly indicated a relationship between the level of pollution and the heating season.

16

Wpływ dawnego górnictwa rud polimetalicznych w Czarnowie na wybrane elementy środowiska przyrodniczego w świetle badań geochemicznych

Januszewska Anna, Siuda Rafał, Dembicz Iwona

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

179--183

EN

The exploitation of mineral resources can lead to the migration of potentially harmful substances into the natural environment, resulting in environmental degradation and pollution. The mining of polymetallic ores can have severe consequences due to the release of toxic elements such as arsenic (As) and heavy metals. Among the areas contaminated with toxic elements is the village of Czarnów in the Rudawy Janowickie mountains, where mining activities related to copper, arsenic, and gold extraction were likely initiated in the Middle Ages. This study aimed to investigate the geochemical anomalies of arsenic and heavy metals in the soil and their uptake by plants in this region. Portable XRF spectrometry was used to perform geochemical soil analyses in the former mining sites. The results showed clear geochemical anomalies in the arsenic and heavy metal content of soils, with concentrations exceeding permissible standards. The highest concentrations of As were found in the mining dumps, exceeding 100 000 ppm. Phytogeochemical analyses were conducted on raspberry leaves (Rubus idaeus) to determine the content of arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper using the ICP-MS method. The findings indicated that the high levels of individual elements found may pose a risk to the environment. The study demonstrates that even abandoned mining sites can be a source of pollution, and long-term monitoring of these areas is essential to mitigate their potential environmental impact.

17

Analiza potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego jako narzędzie wspomagające ocenę przydatności osadów ściekowych na cele przyrodnicze

Tytła Malwina

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2023

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nr 1

18--24

PL

Procesy stosowane w oczyszczalniach ścieków nie gwarantują usuwania metali ciężkich, a jedynie sprawiają, że zanieczyszczenia te kumulują się w osadach ściekowych. Dlatego też zawartość metali w osadach ściekowych stanowi jedno z głównych kryteriów ograniczających wykorzystanie tej grupy odpadów do kondycjonowania i nawożenia gleb, jak również do rekultywacji i rewitalizacji terenów zdegradowanych w wyniku działalności człowieka. Obecność metali w osadach ściekowych wiąże się z potencjalnym zagrożeniem, zarówno w aspekcie ekologicznym, jak i zdrowotnym. Dlatego też, tak ważne jest monitorowanie zarówno ogólnej zawartości tych zanieczyszczeń w osadach ściekowych, jak również ich form chemicznych (specjacyjnych) występowania. Narzędziem ułatwiającym podjęcie decyzji o tym, czy dany osad ściekowy może być stosowany na cele przyrodnicze, w szczególności w rolnictwie, jest analiza potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego.

EN

The processes used in wastewater treatment plants do not guarantee the removal of heavy metals, but only make these pollutants accumulate in the sewage sludge. Therefore, the content of metals in sewage sludge is one of the main criteria limiting the use of sewage sludge for soil conditioning and fertilization, as well as for the reclamation and revitalization of areas degraded by human activity. The presence of metals in sewage sludge is associated with a potential threat, both in terms of ecology and health. Therefore, it is so important to monitor both the total content of these pollutants in sewage sludge, as well as their chemical (speciation) forms of occurrence. A tool facilitating the decision on whether a given sewage sludge can be used for natural purposes, in particular in agriculture, is the analysis of potential ecological risk.

18

The use of agro-industrial residues of coffee (Coffea arabica) for the removal of mercury from water

Tejada-Tovar Candelaria N., Rocha-Caicedo María M., Paz-Astudillo Isabel C.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

164--171

EN

Contamination of water bodies by heavy metals is a continuously growing environmental issue. High concentrations of mercury (Hg) in river waters are a recognized environmental problem, because it is one of the most toxic heavy metal ions as it causes damage to the central nervous system. Its negative impact has led to the development of different methods for the treatment of effluents contaminated with Hg(II). The aim of this article is to evaluate the use of coffee (Coffea arabica) residues as adsorbent of Mercury in an aqueous solution. Four kinetic models, including intraparticle diffusion, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models were applied to explore the internal mechanism of mercury adsorption. Results indicate that the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models could accurately describe the adsorption process. It means that chemical adsorption play an important role in the adsorption of mercury by activated carbon. Meanwhile, the external mass transfer process is more effective in controlling the activated carbon mercury adsorption according to the fitting result of the pseudo-first-order model. The fitting to Langmuir’s model suggested that the material surface is energetically homogeneous. The technique of contaminated biomass encapsulation proved to be safe for short-term disposal when metal recovery is not desired.

19

The assessment of water quality and human health risk from pollution of chosen heavy metals in the Upstream Citarum River, Indonesia

Fahimah Nurul, Salami Indah R. S., Oginawati Katharina, Susetyo Septian H., Tambun Agam, Ardiwinata Asep N., Sukarjo Sukarjo

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

153--163

EN

This study explains water quality in terms of seven heavy metals in the Upstream Citarum River and analyses human health risk (non-carcinogenic risk) for adults and children. Water samples were collected from five sampling locations along the Upstream Citarum River, i.e. from Majalaya Sub-District to Dayeuhkolot Sub-District. The contents of heavy metals were analysed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) variant 240 FS. The results of the analysis showed that the pollution index value, which was categorised as slightly polluted from the highest to the lowest value, was as follows: location 4 (4.220) > location 1 (3.764) > location 2 (3.219) > location 5 (2.967) > location 3 (2.800). Values of the hazard index (HI) for adults and children were as follows: Pb > Cr > Cd > Zn > Ni > Co > Cu. Pb and Cr have HI values greater than 1. This indicates that these metals can have a negative impact on public health. The HI in the ingestion pathway was greater than that of the dermal pathway, and the HI value for children was greater than that for adults. Further research is needed regarding the health risks from groundwater around the area which is used directly by the community because river water and groundwater systems are interconnected through streambeds.

20

Ecological risk, seasonal and depth variations of toxic elements in a closed landfill in Vietnamese Mekong Delta province

Giao Nguyen T., Nhien Huynh T.H.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

188--196

EN

The study was carried out to assess ecological risks at the closed landfill in Cai Dau town, Chau Phu district, An Giang province. Soil samples were collected at six locations (S1-S6) at depths of 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm in the rainy season (November 2020) and dry season (March 2021). The soil quality was evaluated using eight heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr and As). The results showed that most monitoring sites had heavy metal contents within the allowable limits for agricultural land of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT. Some heavy metals have been found to migrate to the soil layer of 60-80 cm. The heavy metals accumulation (Igeo) in the two soil layers did not differ; Ni, Cr, Pb and As accumulated at non-polluting levels - moderate to high in the rainy season, while Cr and As only accumulated in the dry season. The composite pollution index (PLI) indicated that the locations around the landfill were polluted; however, the ecological risk ranged from low to moderate (potential ecological risk index (PERI) = 102-195) in the rainy season. Only about 50% of study sites during the dry season were contaminated and the risk was low (PERI = 44-68). However, the area around the landfill always poses potential risks due to the presence of heavy metals, including Ni, Cr, As and Pb. Monitoring the heavy metals in the surrounding landfill for the potential risks to human health and environment is needed.