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Assessment of Treatment Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution from Sewage Sludge in Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharge in China’s Nanjing MV Industrial Park

Xu Lingjuan, Sun Fengqi, Han Xiuyan

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2022

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Tom 24

276--293

EN

To explore methods for a comprehensive assessment of the treatment effect of heavy metal pollution in the sewage sludge from China’s industrial parks, we studied the wastewater treatment plant of the Nanjing MV Industrial Park as an example. Eight common heavy metals in sewage sludge – Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) were studied. The treatment effect of these containments was comprehensively assessed using the absolute niche fitness model, the relative niche model and the spatial niche fitness model. All three models showed that Pb > Cu > Ni > Hg > Cd > Cr > Zn > As in the samples. However, they produced – different numerical values – the absolute niche suitability model < the spatial niche suitability model < and the relative niche suitability model. Therefore, we concluded that special attention should be paid to the carcinogenic risk of As and Cr heavy metals to the person exposed to the sewage sludge.

2

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Water of the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers, Vietnam

Thieu Van Vu Duc, Dinh Thi Thu Huong, Nguyen Thi Truc Thao, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Nguyen Binh An, Pham Anh-Duc

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2022

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no. 2

85--90

EN

Heavy metals are a pressing concern in terms of their pollution in aquatic ecosystems because of their persistence, environmental toxicity, bioaccumulation. Aquatic environments receive heavy metals in untreated or inadequately treated wastewater from domestic, industrial, agricultural, and navigation sources. The Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers play the key roles of irrigation, navigation and ecological restoration. It is crucial to ascertain the pollution status, influencing factors, ecological risks, and possible sources of heavy metals in the surface water of the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers. In this study, surface water from 7 sampling sites over was collected from the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers, over 7 consecutive periods from April 2019 to October 2021. Each surface sample was analyzed for 9 heavy metals including Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, As. The sampling technique and sample treatment were done based on the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The time and space variation of heavy metal concentrations were examined to test the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation among all the parameters using R statistical software. The results suggest a spatial homogeneity of heavy metals in the surface water the studied rivers. Among all nine examined heavy metals in the studied area, the concentrations of Fe (1.00 ÷ 5.06 mg/L) and Mn (0.14 ÷ 0.28 mg/L) are the highest, and the concentrations of Cr, Cd and As are the lowest that lower limit of detection. The results suggested that the mean concentrations of Fe and Mn were above the acceptable limits of the National technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). While the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni do not meet the Water quality criteria for aquatic life (United State Environmental Protection Agency). Anthropogenic activities can be the main source of heavy metals in in the surface water of the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers. Among the heavy metals, a significant positive correlation was observed between Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni (0.64 ÷ 0.87), whereas Cu exhibited a significant positive correlation with Ni (0.51). While Cu and Pb showed a not too strong correlation with Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni (0.25 ÷ 0.48). The distribution of heavy metals may also be influenced by properties of heavy metals and fluctuations in water flows. The results provide guidance for controlling heavry metal pollution and protectting water sources in the Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc Rivers.

PL

Metale ciężkie stanowią palący problem zanieczyszczenia w ekosystemach wodnych ze względu na ich trwałość, toksyczność dla środowiska i bioakumulację. Środowiska wodne sa zasilane w metale ciężkie z nieoczyszczonych lub nieodpowiednio oczyszczonych ścieków ze źródeł domowych, przemysłowych, rolniczych i żeglugowych. Rzeki Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc odgrywają kluczową rolę w nawadnianiu terenów, transporcie odnym i odbudowie ekologicznej. Kluczowe znaczenie ma ustalenie stanu zanieczyszczenia, czynników wpływających, zagrożeń ekologicznych i możliwych źródeł metali ciężkich w wodach powierzchniowych rzek Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania wód powierzchniowych, próbki pobrano z 7 punktów pomiarowych z rzek Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc przez 7 kolejnych okresów od kwietnia 2019 r. do października 2021 r. Każda próbka została przeanalizowana pod kątem zawartości 9 metali ciężkich: Fe, Mn, Cr , Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, As. Metodyka pobierania próbek i obróbki próbek zostały opracowane w oparciu o Standardowe Metody Badania Wód i Ścieków. Zbadano zmienność w czasie i przestrzeni stężeń metali ciężkich, do analizyy wyników wykorzystano analizę wariancji (ANOVA) i korelacji między wszystkimi parametrami przy użyciu oprogramowania statystycznego. Wyniki sugerują przestrzenną jednorodność zawartości metali ciężkich w wodach powierzchniowych badanych rzek. Spośród wszystkich dziewięciu badanych metali ciężkich w badanym terenie najwyższe są stężenia Fe (1,00 ÷ 5,06 mg/L) i Mn (0,14 ÷ 0,28 mg/L), a najniższe Cr, Cd i As (wartości odpowiadające dolnej granicy wykrywalności). Wyniki wskazują, że średnie stężenia Fe i Mn były powyżej dopuszczalnych limitów, opisanych w krajowych normach dotyczących jakości wód powierzchniowych (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). Natomiast stężenia Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni nie spełniają kryteriów jakości wody dla organizmów wodnych (Agencja Ochrony Środowiska Stanów Zjednoczonych). Działalność antropogeniczna może być głównym źródłem metali ciężkich w wodach powierzchniowych rzek Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc. Wśród metali ciężkich zaobserwowano istotną dodatnią korelację między zawartością Fe, Mn, Zn i Ni (0,64 ÷ 0,87), natomiast Cu wykazywała istotną dodatnią korelację z Ni (0,51). Zawartości Cu i Pb wykazywały niezbyt silną korelację z Fe, Mn, Zn i Ni (0,25 ÷ 0,48). Na rozmieszczenie metali ciężkich mogą mieć również wpływ właściwości metali ciężkich oraz wahania przepływów wody. Wyniki dostarczają wskazówek dotyczących kontrolowania zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi i ochrony źródeł wody w rzekach Doi-Cho Dem-Ben Luc.

3

Assessing the Environmental Condition of Minor Rivers in Urban Areas

Kuznetsov V. S., Petrov D.S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 6

110--114

EN

This article is devoted to the study of water and sediment pollution in the channel of the Neva delta. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of pollutants in water. In the chemical analysis of the precipitate, atomic absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used. Analysis of the hydrochemical composition and sediment of the Smolenka River showed high concentrations of heavy metals and petroleum products. At the same time, the hydrochemical composition of the Smolenka River is highly unstable, but the concentration of oil products and lead in the sediments indicates the presence of local pollution sources. Based on our findings, we are guided by the restoration of the aquatic environment.

4

Wykorzystanie torfu do usuwania metali ciężkich z wód

Marczewska B., Kuzioła R., Szoja M.

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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2016

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R. 21, nr 4

36--41

5

Sewage sludge as barrier material for heavy metals in waste landfill

Zhang H., Yang B., Zhang G., Zhang X.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 2

52--58

EN

Heavy metal pollutants in the leachate of waste landfill are a potential threat to the environment. In this study, the feasibility of using municipal sewage sludge as barrier material for the containment of heavy metal pollutants from solid waste landfills was evaluated by compaction test and hydraulic conductivity test concerning compaction property, impermeability and heavy metal retardation. Results of the compaction test showed that the maximum dry density of 0.79 g·cm−3 was achieved at the optimum water content of about 60%. The hydraulic conductivities of compacted sewage sludge permeated with synthetic heavy metal solutions were in the range of 1.3×10−8 – 6.2×10−9 cm·s−1, less than 1.0 ×10−−7cm·s−1 recommended by regulations for barrier materials. Chemical analyses on the effluent from the hydraulic conductivity tests indicated that the two target heavy metals, Zn and Cd in the permeants were all retarded by compacted sewage sludge, which might be attributed to the precipitation and adsorption of heavy metal ions. The results of this study suggest that specially prepared material from sewage sludge could be used as a barrier for waste landfills for its low permeability and strong retardation to heavy metal pollutants.

6

Response of birch and alder root endophytes as well as rhizosphere and bulk soil microorganisms to heavy metal pollution

Złoch M., Kowalkowski T., Szymańska S., Hrynkiewicz K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 1

37--53

EN

Research on soil microorganisms associated with plant roots (endophytes) and their outside habitats (rhizosphere, soil) under exposure to high concentrations of heavy metals in the environment may contribute to an increased knowledge about the effects of unfavorable pollutants in the natural ecosystem and improve the efficiency of remediation processes of degraded soils. The main goal of our study was to evaluate properties of microbial populations inhabiting different but spatially closed habitats: interior of the tree roots – endophytes (Betula pendula L. and Alnus glutinosa L.), rhizosphere and soil not influenced by plant roots at two heavy metal polluted areas in southern Poland where the content of cadmium, lead and zinc ranged 9.2–14.9, 26.2–75.1 and 1080–1559 mg∙kg-1 of dried soil, respectively. In our experiment, we analyzed their density as well as determined the total metabolic activity and ability for utilization of different carbon sources. The density of endophytes (5.76–7.16 log10 c.f.u. × g dw-1) was higher than the density of bacteria inhabiting outside habitats – the rhizosphere and soil (5.43–5.91 and 5.08–5.57 log10 c.f.u. × g dw-1, respectively) and was not affected by heavy metal content. However, the total metabolic activity of endophytic populations was strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil and was significantly lower at more contaminated site. In general, the metabolic activity of endophytes was ~15 times lower than the activity of rhizobacteria and at the same level or lower than the activity of soil microorganisms. Discriminant analysis revealed a higher utilization of α-Cyclodextrin and D-Xylose by microorganisms isolated from more polluted test site. The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) followed by principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the distinguishing of preferences in the utilization of carbon sources by microorganisms due to tree species but not the zone of isolation – endophytes, rhizosphere, soil. Our study revealed no significant impact of the metal concentrations present in the soil on the density of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) inhabiting three analyzed zones (interior of the roots, rhziosphere, soil); however, their total metabolic activity was decreased in more contaminated site. Since the density of endophytes was higher compared to the number of bacteria present in the outside habitats (rhizosphere and soil), and their total metabolic activity was in general lower, we suggest a high specialization of microorganisms associated with the cellular spaces of plant roots compared to other microbial populations.

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Use of siliceous algae as biological monitors of heavy metal pollution in three lakes in a mining city, southeast China

Chen X., Mao X., Cao Y., Yang X.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 3

233--242

EN

In order to assess the ecological status of three lakes in a historical mining city (SE China), water metal concentrations and surface sedimentary diatoms and chrysophyte cysts were analyzed in 20 sampling sites. The significant correlations between the algal indices and the cumulative criterion unit (CCU) scores confirmed the importance of heavy metals in shaping algae communities. In the metal-polluted sites, diatom assemblages were dominated by metal-tolerant species, such as Nitzschia palea and Nitzschia perminuta. In the unpolluted samples, diatom assemblages were characterized by Cyclostephanos dubius, Discostella pseudostelligera and Aulacoseira species (mainly A. alpigena, A. granulata and A. ambigua). These dominant taxa in the unpolluted samples might be sensitive to metal contamination but tolerant of eutrophication. In addition, nonspherical cysts were much more abundant in the polluted sites, indicating that their presence should be indicative of metal contamination in this region. This study provides some clues for future metal pollution assessment through the use of siliceous algae in metal polluted lakes.

8

Effects of sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and in mixtures of lawn grasses

Wołejko E., Wydro U., Butarewicz A., Łoboda T.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 39, nr 2

67--76

EN

The study was conducted on three specially prepared test areas along main streets of Bialystok. The experimental plots were sown with two lawn grass mixtures: Eko and Roadside, and three doses of sewage sludge 0.0 (control), 7.5 kg/m2 and 15.0 kg/m2 were used. The calculated bioconcentration factor made possible to determine the mobility of the various metals from the soil solution to the aerial parts of plants. The obtained results showed that the plants absorbed Cd, Zn, Cu easier than Pb and Ni suggesting a high mobility, in particular of Cd, Zn, Cu, and reflects the easiness extraction of those metals by plants. Significant correlations between concentrations of metals in soil and grass were observed, nickel in soil was significantly correlated with Cd, Zn and Cu in plants, while the Zn content in soil with the level of Cu in plants.

9

Dynamika czasowa zawartości rtęci w glebie i roślinie

Florencka N.

Inżynieria Środowiska / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. S. Staszica w Krakowie

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2004

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T. 9, z. 1

93-100

PL

W latach 2000-2002 przeprowadzono doświadczenie wazonowe, w którym gleba (piasek słabo gliniasty) została zanieczyszczona tlenkiem rtęci, azotanem rtęci i chlorkiem rtęci w dawkach 0,1, 0,5, 1,0, 5,0 i 10,0 mg/kg. Rośliną testową była marchew - odmiana amsterdamska wczesna. Po 3 latach od skażenia gleby stwierdzono w niej znaczny, dochodzący do 17%, spadek poziomu tego metalu. Obniżała się również zawartość rtęci w korzeniach marchwi. Największy spadek miał miejsce w obiektach z tlenkiem rtęci (powyżej 70%), w obiektach z chlorkiem i azotanem spadek zawartości rtęci był mniejszy (około 60%). W częściach nadziemnych największe obniżenie zawartości rtęci miało miejsce w drugim roku, w obiektach z tlenkiem (około 40%). W trzecim roku spadek był nieznaczny.

EN

During three following years, starting from year 2000 pot experiment, in which the soil loamy sand was contaminated with mercury oxide, mercury nitrate and mercury chloride using following doses: 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 was performed. As a testing plant, an Amsterdam species of the carrot (Daucus carota L.) was chosen. Three years after the soil contamination, a significant decrease of the amount of mercury (up to 17%) was found. Also the content of this element in carrot's roots was decreasing with time elapsed from contamination. The greatest decrease was found in samples contaminated with mercury oxide (above 70%). For mercury nitrate and chloride, the decrease about 60% was observed. For leaves the greatest decrease of mercury content was observed in samples with mercury oxide, in second year after contamination. In third year the decrease was small.

10

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in roadside sediments in Benin City, Nigeria

Ihenyen A.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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1998

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T. 24, z. 3

187-197

EN

Heavy metal pollution levels in roadside drains (gutters) along minor and major motorways in Benin City is evaluated using 23 surface sediment samples from roadside drains. The following trace metals: Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu were studied. Results of univariante statistical analyses indicate a generally high trace metal concentration in all areas. The concentrations of Pb and Cu are particularly high in sediments from high density motorways. Medium and high density motorways sediments do not differ much in their Zn and Ni concentrations. The heavy metal Cr shows no glaring difference in concentration levels for all types of motorways. Multivariante technique involving cluster analysis classified the sample into three distinct groups corresponding to the type of motorways and approximate geographic location of the sampled areas. Anomalous concentrations of heavy metals in roadside drains are a source of worry since Benin City sits on the top of a prolific phreatic aquifer which is potentially vulnerable to high level of pollution

PL

Określono stężenia metali ciężkich (Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr i Cu) w osadach kanałów ściekowych wzdłuż dróg szybkiego ruchu w mieście Benin w Nigerii. Przy wysokiej koncentracji tych metali we wszystkich badanych obszarach, stężenia Pb i Cu są szczególnie wysokie w osadach z obszarów o dużym natężeniu ruchu drogowego; Zn i Ni nie różnią się pomiędzy obszarami o dużym i średnim natężeniu ruchu, a zawartość Cr w osadach jest taka sama przy wszystkich typach dróg. Wysokie stężenia metali ciężkich w osadach kanałów ściekowych są zagrożeniem dla zasobów wodnych Beninu, szczególnie w sytuacji lokalizacji tego miasta ponad poziomem wodonośnym, który jest przez to potencjalnie narażony na wysoki poziom tych chemicznych zanieczyszczeń