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Injection system assessment to optimize performance and emissions of a non - road heavy duty diesel engine : experiments and CFD modelling

Auriemma M., Iannuzzi S.

Journal of KONES

2012

Vol. 19, No. 3

19-30

The advancing emissions requirements and the customer demand for increased performance and fuel efficiency are forcing the diesel engine technology to keep improving. In particular, the large diesel engines are undergoing to a significant restriction in emission standards. Reaching the new limits requires innovative solutions, improved calibration and controls of the engine combustion technology, as well as the optimization of the injection system that has experienced the most fundamental development over the last decade. The objective of the paper is to present preliminary results of an investigation for the development of an efficient combustion system for marine diesel engines. The effect of different engine parameters on performance and engine out emissions were evaluated. Specifically, different nozzle geometries, injection pressure, injection timings were taken into account. The investigation was carried out both experimentally and numerically. Three different nozzles geometries for three different values of the start of injection were tested. The in-cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, NOx and soot were evaluated for a high load engine condition. The experimental activity was carried out on a large displacement single cylinder direct injection diesel engine equipped with a high-pressure common rail injection system able to manage multiple injections. The engine test bench was equipped with an external air supercharger able to set high air boost levels. The system controls the intake air temperature by means of a heater exchanger. The numerical investigation was carried out using the commercial CFD STAR-CD code in a three-dimensional domain including the cylinder head and piston bowl. Combustion behaviour was simulated using the 3 Zones Extended Coherent Flame Model (ECFM3Z).

Liquid Biofuels - promising energy source for a small scale power plants

Kapusta Ł. J., Sundell J.-P., Teodorczyk A.

Silniki Spalinowe

2011

R. 50, nr 3

Basing on many years of experience in fuelling large stationary engines with palm oil Wärtsilä has started investigation into using other types of liquid biofuels (LBF) as an engine fuel for power generation. As a part of this investigation many engine tests using rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and animal fat were done. The tests described in this paper were done in parallel at two different locations. The first one was the research power plant located in Pieksämäki and the other one was the laboratory at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland). During the tests selected data required for evaluation whether the engine can handle investigated fuels and whether the emissions meet strict requirements have been collected analyzed and presented in this paper. Two different types of engines were used for investigation. The Wärtsilä 6L20 was used in Pieksämäki and the 4R32LN at VTT. Engines were run at different load but as for the engines for power generation the most important were parameters at full load. Therefore the study was focused on emissions at full load. As a reference the results from the LFO test were used. Results for selected fuels were compared with the reference test results. Following this comparison conclusions concerning each fuel were made.

W oparciu o wieloletnie doświadczenia z wykorzystaniem oleju palmowego jako paliwa do dużych stacjonarnych silników tłokowych firma Wärtsilä rozpoczęła badania dotyczące możliwości użycia innych ciekłych bio-paliw jako paliwa do silników przeznaczonych do małych elektrowni. Częścią tych badań były testy silnikowe z wykorzystaniem oleju rzepakowego, sojowego, oraz tłuszczu zwierzęcego. Badania opisane w tym artykule zostały przeprowadzone równolegle w dwóch różnych miejscach, w laboratorium VTT (Fińskie Techniczne Centrum Badawcze). Podczas badań wybrane parametry niezbędne do oszacowania czy silnik dobrze znosi badane paliwo i czy emisje spełniają przepisy, zostały zebrane, przeanalizowane i przedstawione w artykule. Do badań wykorzystano dwa różne silniki, silnik 6L20 w Pieksämäki oraz silnik 4R32LN w VTT. Silniki pracowały pod różnym obciążeniem, jednak głównie skupiono się na parametrach przy pełnym obciążeniu. Jako odniesienie przeprowadzony został test z użyciem oleju napędowego. Wyniki dla wybranych paliw zostały porównane z testem referencyjnym. Opierając się na tym porównaniu zostały wyciągnięte i przedstawione wnioski.