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1

Ewolucja norm badań odbiorczych kotłów wodnorurowych

Rataj Zbigniew Leon

Instal

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2020

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nr 1

7--14

PL

W artykule dokonano przeglądu norm badań odbiorczych kotłów wodnorurowych. Omówiono normę krajową PN-72/M-34128, normę DIN 1942 Pomiary odbiorcze kotłów parowych, Normę Europejską PN-EN 12952-15 Kotły wodnorurowe. Cześć 15 Badania odbiorcze, normę ASME PTC-4. Pokazano zmiany ewolucyjne wprowadzone w poszczególnych normach, związane z rozwojem konstrukcji kotłów i urządzeń pomocniczych. Podano klasyczną definicje sprawności kotła (metoda bezpośrednia i pośrednia). Zwrócono uwagę na istotę poprawnej definicji sprawności kotła, gdyż sprawność jest istotnym parametrem eksploatacyjnym i służy do oceny osiągów kotła oraz oceny zgodności parametrów i parametrów gwarantowanych w badaniach odbiorczych.

EN

The article reviews the acceptance standards for water-tube boilers. National standard PN-72/M-34128, standard DIN 1942 Acceptance Test Code for Steam Generators, European Standard PN-EN 12952-15 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations – Part 15: Acceptance tests, as well as ASME PTC-4 Fired Steam Generators. Performance Tests Codes have been discussed. Evolutionary changes introduced in individual standards, related to the development of boiler structures and auxiliary installations are shown. A classic definition of boiler efficiency is provided (direct and indirect method). Attention is paid to the essence of the correct definition of boiler efficiency, as efficiency is an important operating parameter and is used to assess boiler performance and assess compliance of parameters and guaranteed parameters in acceptance tests. The attention was turned onto possible errors, which might occur when estimating the mean year boiler efficiency.

2

Effect of Drying Conditions on the Characteristics and Performance of B/Fe2O3 Nano-Composites Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Dinçer Yilmaz Nil Ezgi, Karakaş Gürkan

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2020

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Vol. 17, no. 1

85--106

EN

B/Fe2O3 samples were prepared by mixing nano sized boron powder with iron oxide xerogels that had been synthesized using a sol-gel method that included various types of proton scavengers such as 1,2-epoxybutane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and ammonium hydroxide. The effects of the proton scavengers and drying conditions on the textural properties of the iron oxide samples and on the heat output and thermal behavior of the nano-composites were examined. The iron oxide samples were subjected to direct drying (DD) or sequential solvent exchange (SSE). The heat output values of the B/Fe2O3 nano-composites varied from 240 to 1200 J/g depending on the drying condition and the proton scavenger used. It was found that the thermal behaviour and the textural properties of B/Fe2O3 nano-composites (such as porosity, surface area and crystallinity) could be tailored by both the drying conditions and the proton scavenger used.

3

Vybor teploakkumuliruuscich elektropecej pri vnedrenii v Ukraine

Lysak O., Malkin E.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2015

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nr 1(15)

117--125

RU

V stat’e vypolnen obzor mestnych teploakkumuliruuscich elektropecej (TAEP), takze izvestnych kak teplonakopiteli , po ich konstruktivnym charakteristikam, stepeni regulirovania teplootdaci i stepeni avtomatizacii raboty priborov. Rassmotren vopros o vnedrenii vysokotechnologicnoj avtomatiki v upravlenie TAEP, vydelauscej takie pribory v otdel’nyj tip TAEP. Predstavleny nekotorye metodiki po podboru TAEP. Sdelany vyvody o neobchodimosti vnedrenia v zakonodatel’stvo metodik, stimuliruuscich vnedrenie TAEP novogo pokolenia.

EN

In this article the comparison of different types of storage heaters is made on the basis of their design characteristics, their heat output control and their level of automation. The question of the introduction of high-tech automation in the control of storage heaters is described. This question highlights storage heaters with such control as the separate type of storage heaters. Some methodologies for selection of storage heaters are shown. The conclusion about the necessity of implementation of legislation establishing incentives for the introduction of a new generation of storage heaters is made.

4

Heat output characteristics of a simple electric storage heater

Sucheta A.

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2000

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Vol. 21, nr 1-2

3-16

EN

For the uncontrolled storage heater with the plane heating element an analytical solution of the boundary problem was given. In this solution for the coefficient of heat transfer as well as power internal sources (resistance elements) was assumed as time dependent in the form of a stepwise function. This one-dimensional model enables to predict the transient temperature in storage core and heat output characteristics of the appliance for subsequent daily cycles.