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The Effect of Detonator Shell Materials on Detonation Calorimetry Results

Němec Ondřej, Musil Tomáš, Künzel Martin

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2020

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Vol. 17, no. 4

552--565

EN

Detonation calorimetry is a method for the determination of the heat released by the detonation of an explosive charge. Compared to classical combustion calorimetry, detonation calorimetry requires an inert atmosphere, a large sample mass and a detonator for its initiation. This detonator releases some energy for which the results must be corrected. Four types of detonator have been tested in the calorimeter alone and also in combination with explosive charges of PETN. It was found that the aluminium shell of the detonator considerably increases the apparent heat of detonation of the PETN samples in a vacuum, while the presence of combustible (polymeric) components has the opposite effect. Pressurization of the calorimetric vessel with nitrogen gas only partially suppresses these effects. The preferred technique is to use copper or glass confinement in a high pressure inert atmosphere.

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Detonation Performance of Four Groups of Aluminized Explosives

Xiang D.-L., Rong J.-L., He X.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2016

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Vol. 13, no. 4

903--915

EN

The detonation performances of TNT-, RDX-, HMX-, and RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives were examined through detonation experiments. The detonation pressure, velocity, and heat of detonation of the four groups of aluminized explosives were measured. Reliability verification was conducted for the experimental results and for those calculated with an empirical formula and the KHT code. The test results on detonation pressures and velocities were in good agreement with the predicted values when aluminum (Al) particles were considered inert. The experimental heat of detonation values exhibited good consistency with the predicted values when a certain proportion of Al particles was active. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) can effectively reduce the detonation pressure and improve the heat of detonation for the RDX/AP-based aluminized explosive. A comparison of the current test results and literature data shows that errors may exist in early test data. The test data presented in this study allow for an improved understanding of the detonation performance of the four groups of aluminized explosives.

3

A Simple and Reliable Method for Predicting the Detonation Velocity of CHNOFCl and Aluminized Explosives

Keshavarz M. H., Zamani A.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2015

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Vol. 12, no. 1

13--33

EN

A reliable method is introduced for predicting the detonation velocity of CHNOFClAl explosives through suitable decomposition paths. The predicted decomposition products are used to estimate the heat of detonation (decomposition) and the detonation velocity. For non-ideal aluminized explosives, the Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocities are significantly different from those expected from existing thermodynamic computer codes for equilibrium and steady state calculations. The predicted detonation velocities give more reliable results for CHNO explosives than one of the best available empirical methods over a wide range of loading densities. The new model provides better agreement with respect to experimental values for aluminized explosives than the computed results from the BKWS equation of state using full and partial equilibrium of aluminium.

4

Calculation of Thermochemical and Explosive Characteristics of Furoxanes

Zhukov I., Kozak G. D.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2008

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Vol. 5, nr 3-4

45-54

EN

Search of high-power energetic materials is one primary line of development of chemical physics of combustion and explosion. Yield of such materials is usually very small, and its cost is very high. Calculation of unknown characteristics and properties is the only way out from this situation. There are different methods today that allow calculating unknown detonation performance and some of physicochemical properties. Examination of calculated detonation performance of furoxanes and benzofuroxanes compounds that are not enough investigated is presented in this work. These compounds are new high-power energetic materials. Influence of error in enthalpy of formation of these compounds on their detonation performance is also examined in this work. Furoxanes plays particular part among energetic materials. They are convenient blocks of molecules of high-power energetic materials. Joining of explosiphorus clusters of atoms are lead to obtaining of number of high-performance compounds. It is caused by flatten structure of furoxane ring, that lead to high density of compounds and are characterized by high and positive value of enthalpy of formation. Detonation performance of furoxanes was not study practically. That is why 10 furoxanes have been chosen as object of study (see Nomenclature). 7 of 10 studied furoxanes have anomalous elemental composition, because they are hydrogenfree. In order to evaluate possible error in computational detonation performance, explosive characteristics of 6 hydrogen-free energetic materials with known experimental data have been calculated.