For a class of non-symmetric non-local Lévy-type operators Lκ, which include those of the form Lκf(x) := Rd(f(x + z) − f(x) − 1|z|<1⟨z, ∇f(x)⟩)κ(x, z)J(z) dz, e prove regularity of the fundamental solution pκ to the equation ∂t = Lκ.
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We prove that the Green function of a generator of isotropic unimodal Lévy processes with the weak lower scaling order greater than one and the Green function of its gradient perturbations are comparable for bounded smooth open sets if the drift function is from an appropriate Kato class.
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Let M be a complete Riemannian manifold which is a Galois covering, that is, M is periodic under the action of a discrete group G of isometries. Assuming that G has polynomial volume growth, we provide a new proof of Gaussian upper bounds for the gradient of the heat kernel of the Laplace operator on M. Our method also yields a control on the gradient in case G does not have polynomial growth.
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