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Analysis of Haze Susceptibility in Beers with Unmalted Barley Addition Under Varying Storage Conditions

Maziarz Karolina, Sterczyńska Monika, Stachnik Marta, Piepiórka-Stepuk Joanna, Ivanišová Eva, Bieńczak Agata, Woźniak Paweł

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

2023

Vol. 68, nr 2

5--9

Beer consumption constitutes a significant portion of alcoholic beverage consumption in Poland. The growing interest in this product has prompted the exploration of solutions that not only affect production technology and costs but also influence the sensory and physicochemical attributes of the beverage. Incorporating unmalted raw materials is one such solution. This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of haze formation in malted beers and beers with unmalted barley additions, considering diverse storage conditions and production scales. The results revealed that light has a more significant effect on turbidity formation than temperature. In the variants in which the impact of light on haze formation was investigated, the values of the average number of total particles were in the range of 130 (unsweetened laboratory under ultraviolet) to 1025 (unsweetened commercial under ultraviolet). The effect of temperature on haze formation was significantly less. In most cases, the average number of total particles was no greater than 200, with the highest result obtained being 300 (commercial malted under forced aging). Based on the study, it was concluded that, regardless of the scale of production, ultraviolet radiation causes significant haze formation in beer.

The influence of calcium carbonate and its modifications on the extrusion process and selected properties of polypropylene cast films

Kloziński Arkadiusz, Szczepańska Małgorzata, Jakubowska Paulina, Samujło Bronisław, Barczewski Mateusz, Lota Grzegorz

Polimery

2022

Vol. 67, nr 10

509--521

The effect of unmodified and stearic acid-modified calcium carbonate (5, 10, 20 and 30 wt%) on selected properties (tensile strength, puncture resistance, haze and gloss) and processability of polypropylene films (MVR, extensional viscosity) was investigated. The composites were obtained in the twin-screw extrusion process with cold granulation, and the films in the single-screw extrusion process, using a flat die head (so-called cast films) and a chill roll type cooling and pull-back device. It has been shown that stearic acid is an effective modifier of polypropylene processing properties both under shear and tensile flow conditions (lower extensional viscosity of films containing modified calcium carbonate).

Zbadano wpływ dodatku 5, 10, 20 oraz 30 % mas. niemodyfikowanego imodyfikowanego kwasem stearynowym węglanu wapnia na wybrane właściwości użytkowe (wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, odporność na przebicie, zamglenie, połysk) iprzetwórcze folii polipropylenowych (MVR, lepkość wzdłużna). Kompozyty otrzymano w procesie dwuślimakowego wytłaczania z granulacją na zimno, a folie w procesie jednoślimakowego wytłaczania, przy użyciu głowicy płaskiej (tzw. cast films) oraz urządzenia chłodząco - odciągającego typu chill roll. Wykazano, że kwas stearynowy jest efektywnym modyfikatorem właściwości przetwórczych folii polipropylenowych zarówno w warunkach przepływu ścinającego, jak i rozciągającego (mniejsza lepkość wzdłużna folii zawierających modyfikowany węglan wapnia).

Research on coping behaviour of school sports participants in smog environment based on risk cognition and communication

Zhao Xianjia, Fang Shijia

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

2022

Vol. 29, nr 3

365--377

In recent years, smog has become one of the most disastrous weather events in China, hurting daily life and seriously affecting public health. To explore the school sports participants in a smog environment based on risk cognition and communication. This study used literature, questionnaire, and other research methods to deeply understand the current situation of school physical education in the haze weather environment. The spatial autocorrelation index tested the spatial agglomeration characteristics of smog pollution. As was evidenced, sports in a smog environment can cause physical discomfort and mild psychological stress. The significant difference in maximal oxygen uptake was p < 0.01. The level of students’ perception of smog positively correlates with students’ active of physical exercise, and it has a significant predictive effect. The explanatory power of smog perception level to resisting coping behaviour is 49.5 % (R2 = 0.495, P < 0.001). Under the influence of smog, participants in school sports activities showed high smog risk cognition and weak coping behaviour, and schools showed low smog risk communication. Experience and policy supervision explain 50.1 % of the information on risk communication influencing factors, with high explanatory power. One can conclude that outdoor teaching and practice in physical education classes should be carried out because the outdoor air does not influence the human body to enhance physical fitness and health.