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Hardness prediction of a cold rolled Nimonic 80A exhaust valve spindle

Kang S. W., Heo S. J., Yoo J. H., Kang J. H.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2019

Vol. 94, nr 1-2

13--21

Purpose: of this paper is to predict the hardness of cold rolled exhausts valve spindle fabricated of Nimonic 80A via axisymmetric finite element analysis, compression testing, and hardness inspection. Design/methodology/approach: The stress-strain relationship of Nimonic 80A was obtained via compression testing with deformation ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Hardness changes caused by the strain hardening effect were measured in cut specimens in both the axial and circumferential directions following compression testing. The effective strain at the measurement position was calculated via finite element analysis. The regression equation for hardness changes caused by work hardening was derived from analysed strain and inspected hardness. The cold-rolling deformation of an exhaust valve spindle was analysed using axisymmetric finite element analysis. Findings: The stress-strain relationship calculated from compression testing was well expressed using the Holloman equation and the strain-hardness relationship by strain hardening was successfully regressed using the shifted power law model for Nimonic 80A, Nickel-Chromium based super alloy. Research limitations/implications: This research focused hardness prediction of spindle after ring rolling operation for generating beneficial compressive surface residual stresses for enhancing fatigue life. Further research to quantify compressive residual stress after rolling shall be followed to increase fatigue life. Practical implications: The cold rolling process is a typical incremental forming method and should be analysed under three-dimensional conditions. However, it takes lots of time to solve incremental forming analysis. To predict hardness distribution after rolling in the manufacturing field, FE analysis was performed under two-dimensional axisymmetric conditions based on the assumption of no friction generated by the rolling tool. The deformed shapes and hardness distribution from the inspection quality standard and two-dimensional FE analysis showed very similar results. Simplified finite element analysis method for ring rolling process for local area could be very effective method in the industrial field. Originality/value: The stress-strain relationship and the hardness and strain relationship were derived by compression test and hardness measurement for compressed specimen for Nimonic 80A, Nickel-Chromium based super alloy. And simplified finite element analysis method was suggested to predict deformed shape and hardness distribution of locally cold rolled region and achieved similar result between FE analysis result and Quality standard. Suggested method would be very effective method to engine spindle manufacture to predict hardness of different size of product.

Numerical Simulations of X22CrMoV12-1 Steel Multilayer Welding

Kik T, Moravec J., Novakova I.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2019

Vol. 64, iss. 4

1441--1448

The aim of this paper is to present the procedure test for calibration and validation of the numerical model for X22CrMoV12-1 steel multilayer welding. On the real multilayer weld was described how to arrange the whole experiment in order to obtain not only relevant input data but also verification data. Tests on a specially prepared specimen, welded with 8 beads in 4 layers, allows to determine the actual geometry of the single welded beads, registration of welding thermal cycles and the hardness distribution in successively deposited beads together with determining the heat influence of subsequent layers. The results of the real welding tests were compared with the results obtained from the numerical simulations and extended by the calculated stresses and distortions distributions of the tested specimen. A new, improved hardness prediction algorithm for high-alloy martensitic and bainitic steels was also proposed.