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1
Content available Influence of different hard-facing procedures on quality of surfaces of regenerated gears
Nikolić Ružica R., Marković Svetislav, Arsić Dušan, Lazić Vukić, Hadzima Branislav, Ulewicz Robert
Production Engineering Archives
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2021
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Vol. 27, Iss. 4
257--264
EN
During the process of regeneration of machine parts, certain phenomena occur that have a significant impact on the loss of their working ability. Hereditary properties are expressed by the interdependence of geometric and physical-mechanical-metallurgical parameters of gear teeth created during the technological operations of regeneration of worn teeth by hard-facing. The influence of the type of additional material (electrodes and their combinations) on the tribological characteristics of welded gear teeth was considered, whereby the so-called hard additional materials were applied. Those are the additional materials that give the required surface hardness of the teeth without subsequent thermal or thermochemical treatment. This research did not involve the regeneration of specific worn gears removed from machine systems, but the new gears were made, which were then damaged and then regenerated by hard-facing using the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) procedure. Thus, all the tested gears were made of the same material, belonged to one batch and were machined on the same machines with the same machining regimes. The tests were performed on samples made of 20MnCr5 steel for cementation, on a tribometer by the “block on disc” method, which was designed to simulate the operating conditions of coupled teeth of concrete gears in the exploitation conditions. Based on the conducted tribological tests, the average coefficients of friction and topography of the surfaces were determined by measuring the wear trace and it was defined which additional materials give the best tribological characteristics of the surfaces of gears regenerated by hard-facing.
2
Content available Investigating the thermal and structural responses in hard-facing application with the GTAW process
Savaş Atilla
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
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2021
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Vol. 59 nr 3
343--353
EN
The gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process is an excellent way of performing quality hard- -facing applications. The residual stresses and distortions are encountered in hard-facing. There are several methods to decrease residual stresses. Changing the welding pattern, changing thickness and preheating can be mentioned for this purpose. In this work, the influence of the welding pattern, plate thickness and preheating was investigated. The temperature distribution with the same welding conditions was used for validation of the numerical model. The total deformation in a 2mm plate was 15 times higher than in a 6mm plate with the same welding conditions.
3
Content available Review of the Hard-Facing Technology Application for Reparation of the Given Parts in Various Branches of Industry
Lazić V., Arsić D., Mutavdžić M., Nikolić R., Meško J., Radović L., Ilić N.
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
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2018
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Vol. 1, Iss. 1
279--285
EN
This paper deals with the problem of defining the optimal procedure for reparation of the machine parts of large dimensions and complex shapes. The procedure consists of establishing the causes of the part's damages, definition of the reparation technology, with selection of its parameters and ways of execution. The reparation is done by hard-facing, with heat treatment that consists of preheating, additional heating and the post hard-facing tempering. The process parameters' selection includes choosing the right filler metal(s), ways and order of depositing the hard-faced layers, ways of reaching and maintaining the preheating temperatures, checking of the base metal's chemical composition and mechanical properties and deciding on the post-process heat and mechanical processing of the executed hard-facing. The executed reparation of the forging hammer's mallet, presented in details, serves as an example how the reparation can successfully serve as a substitute for procuring the new part and thus producing the savings both directly in lower costs and indirectly in shortening the down-time of the damaged part operation.
4
Content available remote Wpływ niobu na właściwości warstw wierzchnich napawanych samoosłonowymi drutami proszkowymi o stopiwie Fe-Cr-C
Niagaj J.
Przegląd Spawalnictwa
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2011
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R. 83, nr 10
67-72
PL
Badano wpływ zawartości niobu w samoosłonowych drutach proszkowych ze stopiwem Fe-Cr-C na twardość, strukturę oraz odporność na zużycie ścierne typu metal-minerał napoin jedno- i dwuwarstwowych. Stwierdzono niejednoznaczny wpływ zmiany zawartości niobu w zakresie od 4 do 10% na te właściwości w zależności od liczby warstw napawanych. Zauważono, że wyżarzanie odprężające w temperaturze 650°C powoduje zmniejszenie twardości, jak również zwiększenie zużycia ściernego wszystkich badanych napoin.
EN
The influence of niobium in Fe-Cr-C open arc flux-cored wires electrodes on hardness, microstructure and abrasion resistance of overlay welds consisted of one and two layers are investigated. It was found that variation of niobium content in range from 4 to 10% has ambiguous effect on these properties depending on number of layers. It was found also that heat treatment at 650°C cause fall dawn hardness and abrasion resistance of all investigated overlay welds.
5
Content available remote Problemy regeneracyjnego napawania stali średnio- i wysokowęglowych
Kuzniecow V. D., Popowicz P. W.
Przegląd Spawalnictwa
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2011
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R. 83, nr 10
4-7
PL
Rozpatrzono zagadnienia odporności na zużycie w warunkach tarcia metal-metal warstw napawanych na podłoże wysokowęglowe. Wykazano, ze korelacja między twardością i odpornością na zużycie występuje nie we wszystkich stalach węglowych i austenitycznych materiałów. Stwierdzono, że materiały austenityczne pod względem odporności na zużycie przewyższają węglowe i są bardziej odpowiednie przy regeneracji powierzchni tarcia także pod względem technologii.
EN
The technological peculiarities of restoration high carbon materials by hard-facing are marked. The comparative tests of the resistance wear in conditions under friction metal on metal are given. It is shown, that austenitic compositions are more preferable for restoration of high carbon materials.
6
Content available remote Początki napawania utwardzającego
Szulc T.
Przegląd Spawalnictwa
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2011
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R. 83, nr 9
5-9
PL
Zaprezentowano pierwsze próby napawania, prowadzone w czasach opanowywania technologii spawalniczych, pierwsze technologie napawania, które zostaly zastosowane w praktyce. Przedstawiono pierwsze aplikacje napawania oraz ówczesne zalecenia, dotyczące przygotowania procesu. Zasygnalizowano ewolucję poglądów na temat możliwych do uzyskania właściwości warstw oraz sposobów wytwarzania materiałów dodatkowych w postaci prętów, drutów i proszków. Przedstawiono także początki bardziej współczesnych technologii napawania: łukiem krytym, plazmowego i in.
EN
First attempts of surfacing, conducted in early years of welding, early surfacing technologies which have found practical use were presented. Early guidelines and applications of surfacing and hard-facing were described. Evolution of opinions concerning properties of layers and methods of production of consumables in form of rods, powders and wires was highlighted. Roots of most popular technologies were briefly described, including: submerged arc, plasma etc.
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