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Simulation-Augmented Methods for Safe and Efficient Manoeuvres in Harbour Areas

Benedict K., Kirchhoff M., Gluch M., Fischer S., Schaub M., Baldauf M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2016

Vol. 10, no. 2

193--201

Safety of navigation is especially challenging and critical when a ship approaches and manoeuvres in harbour areas. Improving the safety especially in the first and last phase of a voyage is crucial and requires measures addressing both the human and technical-technological elements including support systems that shall provide human operators with information relevant for decision making. The present situation is characterized by the introduction of numerous sophisticated technical and support systems often integrated with several components becoming increasingly complex. On the users end, changes are not that obvious and not that rapid as for technology. However, new approaches are under development or already in use. They are characterized by applying and adapting solutions from other transport modes. In this way, tasks and procedures on ships, that are highly safety-relevant and containing high portions of manoeuvring activities have been changed to high back-up procedures as in air planes. For port manoeuvres e.g. the system of pilot/co-pilot was introduced on ferries in a sense that one officer is operating and the other is monitoring and checking the safe performance. In cruise shipping, new structures replacing the traditional rank-based with a flexible system based on job functions. This system creates a kind of a safety net around the person conning the vessel. Each operation is cross checked before execution by one or two other persons. The first obvious consequence is higher costs due to doubling personnel. On the other hand there is also a need for a technology appropriately supporting the checking officer by enabling her or him to monitor what the conning officer is doing. “Fast-Time Manoeuvring Simulation Technology” (FTS) developed at the Institute for Innovative Ship Simulation and Maritime Systems (ISSIMS) has huge potential to fulfil this task. FTS calculates within one second of computing time up to 1000 seconds of real manoeuvring time by a very complex ship-dynamic simulation model for rudder, engine and thruster manoeuvres. It enables prompt prediction of all manoeuvres carried out by the conning officer for the observing officer, too. Predictions of path and motion status allow all officers to see whether the manoeuvring actions have at least the correct tendency or indicating the need for corrections. This new type of support is called Simulation-Augmented Manoeuvring Design and Monitoring (SAMMON) – it allows not only overlooking the next manoeuvring segment ahead but also for the following or even for series of manoeuvring segments. This technology has been used within two research projects: COSINUS (Co-operative Ship Operation in Integrated Maritime Traffic Systems) set out for implementing FTS into integrated ship bridges and to also communicate the manoeuvre plans and display it to VTS centres. Within the European project MUNIN (Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks) this technology has been used to investigate if it is possible to steer autonomous ships, in case it would be necessary.

New functions for former harbour areas. Examples of adaptation of neglected city spaces

Włodarczyk A.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

2011

Vol. 4, no. 4

15-20

The paper deals with a subject of functional adaptation of former harbour areas. These spaces are still problematic abandoned brownfields in many cities of Europe. This is a continuation of the subject undertaken already in the publication in ACEE (Vol.3 No.1/2010), referring to a German case study Osthafen Behala in Berlin. The case of study in Berlin reflects the city policy of upgrading processes. Similar changes, but on a bigger scale, appear in other world urban spaces: in London in Great Britain as well as in the German city of Hamburg. Such processes are correlated closely to the new functions and cityscape of brownfields. It is a view, wherein today spaces of new use can be well recognised. The chosen example will present these city planning and cityscaping situation of ex-industrial brownfield. Furthermore, the photo documentation in London as well as in Hamburg and photos and researches in situ carried out by the author in Berlin between 2004-2011 constitute, next to the literature, the primary source for the presented remarks.Conclusions illustrate the approach to the revitalisation process, presenting today's situation of the brownfield against the background of two cases of similar subject. Moreover, transformation of the former harbour areas into the new use in corelation with the cityscape is a new and original subject.

Artykuł prezentuje temat adaptacji funkcjonalnej dawnych terenów portowych. Przestrzenie te są w dalszym ciągu w wielu miejscach Europy problemem jako opuszczone nieużytki współczesnych terenów miejskich. Przedstawiony materiał jest kontynuacją opisu badań podjętych już w publikacji ACEE (Vol.3 No.1/2010) - odnoszącego się do niemieckiego obszaru Osthafen Behala w Berlinie. Analizy podjęte w Berlinie odzwierciedlają politykę miasta polegająca na wspieraniu procesów rewitalizacji. Podobne działania, choć w większej skali, dokonywane były w światowych ośrodkach urbanistycznych: w Londynie w Wielkiej Brytanii oraz w mieście niemieckim, Hamburgu. Procesy te są ściśle powiązane z nowymi funkcjami oraz krajobrazem nieużytków przemysłowych. Zaobserwować przy tym można widoki, w których nowe użytkowanie obszaru jest łatwo rozpoznawalne. Wybrany przykład przedstawia urbanistyczną i krajobrazową sytuację byłego terenu przemysłowego. Dokumentacja fotograficzna w Londynie i w Hamburgu oraz fotografie jak i badania in situ wykonane przez autorkę w Berlinie w latach 2004-2011 stanowią obok literatury, bazowe źródło informacyjne. Wnioski opracowania obrazują stosunek do procesu rewitalizacji przedstawiając sytuację obecną wybranego przypadku na tle dwóch tematycznie podobnych przykładów. Ponadto, przekształcanie byłych terenów portowych na nowe użytkowanie, w powiązaniu z krajobrazem jest problemem nowym i oryginalnym.